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European CommissionOccasional Paper 60, Volume IAbstractThe paper proposes to analyse to what extent emerging EU common immigration policy, including theEU’s new “Global Approach to Migration” can match the Euro-Arab Mediterranean labour market’sneeds and demands while fostering and consolidating cooperation in the Euro-Arab Mediterraneancontext.To this end, the paper outlines and assesses, in its first section, the gradual emergence of aharmonised EU framework on economic migration. More particularly, it sheds light on the generalcontext of EU migration policy, probes into the development of a common labour migrationstrategy, and then analyses the nexus between the Global Approach to Migration and economicimmigration policy since 2005.In the second section, the paper reassesses the current tools and instruments aimed at implementingthe Global Approach to Migration and examines whether they are applicable to ArabMediterranean Countries. It discusses in detail the dynamics and trends of highly-skilled migrationin the Euro-Mediterranean context and evaluates the pertinence and added value of the Blue Card.It also looks at how temporary migration schemes and integration policies might evolve into viableinstruments while incorporating the Global Approach into the Euro-Arab Mediterranean context.In the third section, the paper evaluates whether and to what extent the Euro-MediterraneanPartnership, as a multilateral framework for relations between the EU and Arab MediterraneanCountries, has integrated migration issues, and to what extent the European Neighborhood Policy,which gave new impetus to the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership, embodies at bilateral and regionallevels the Global Approach to Migration.In its final part, the paper offers some conclusions regarding EU labour immigration policy and itspotential and expected impact in Arab Mediterranean Countries. Moreover, it highlights somerecommendations and policy options for reinvigorating present tools and policy tracks in the Euro-Arab Mediterranean region. More precisely, the paper recommends the emergence of clearermigration orientation line at the EU level with a view to adopting a more coherent and consensualapproach towards Arab Mediterranean Countries. It also advocates refining and improving thecomprehensiveness as well as the specificity of the Global Approach to Migration by developingcertain tailored policies to the region and devising specific institutional and legal tools adapted toEU-Arab Mediterranean labour mobility. Moreover, the paper advocates the contextualisation ofthe Global Approach to Migration at a bilateral level between EU member states and ArabMediterranean Countries and recommends monitoring current and previous bilateral experiences soas to evaluate costs and benefits as well as extract best practices for cooperation.160
Chapter IIIEU Migration Policy towards Arab Mediterranean Countries and its Impact on their Labour MarketsHighlightsThe paper discusses to which extent emergent EU labour and immigration policy developments inconjunction with EU’s Global Approach to Migration (GAM) can match the Euro-Arab Mediterraneanlabour market’s needs and demands. Moreover, it assesses against which policy, economic and legalbenchmarks cooperation mechanisms and opportunities in economic migration and mobility could bedeveloped and consolidated.The Euro-Arab Mediterranean context is currently the theatre of groundbreaking opportunities inthe field of migration. It is noteworthy that the Global Approach to Migration takes intoconsideration important realities at work in the Euro-Mediterranean region and has a particularlypromising potential. In addition, the current nexus between the European Mediterranean Partnershipand the European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) could serve as an institutional platform thatintegrates the GAM objectives, hence paving the way for more proactive cooperation patterns in themigration field.Notwithstanding this favourable context which predisposes the two shores of the Mediterraneantowards more cooperation, the following objectives at EU, Euro-Arab Mediterranean andbilateral levels are still to be attained:Striving towards more policy convergence at the EU level and in the Euro-Mediterranean context;Encouraging the emergence of proactive patterns in immigration/emigration policies in theEuro-Mediterranean region;Developing a more symmetrical “needs- and demand-based” economic migration approachin the EU-Arab Mediterranean context;Refining the GAM and ensuring its comprehensiveness and inclusiveness potential;Assessing the efficiency and adequacy of instruments envisaged by the GAM , and how, if dulyimplemented, they could, indeed, respond to the needs of both sides of the Mediterranean;Encouraging more skilled migration in the Euro-Arab Mediterranean and devising tailoredpolicy and legal instruments to this end.More particularly:Empowering institutions and legal channels addressing the recruitment of labour on bothsides of the Mediterranean;Easing access to work permits in the EU space and inside the EU;Encouraging visa and institutional policies that favour temporary patterns of migration and mobility;Refining temporary migration programs and making them more attractive by guaranteeingsocial rights and the portability of benefits even if such programmes are only part andparcel of a wider labour strategy;Improving the recognition of educational degrees in the EU and creating more institutionaland legal synergies between academic institutions from either side of the Mediterranean;Concretising and contextualising the GAM by161
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STUDYLABOUR MARKETS PERFORMANCE AND
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Table of ContentsLABOUR MARKETS PER
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8.1 Actual migration and consumptio
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