Newlands Cross Upgrade EIS - European Investment Bank

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South Dublin County Council N7 Newlands Cross Upgrade Environmental Impact Statement 12. ARCHAEOLOGY, ARCHITECTURE AND CULTURAL HERITAGE 12.1 Introduction This chapter assesses the archaeological and historical landscape with respect to the proposed upgrade of the N7 Newlands Cross junction. The proposed upgrade works extend south along the Belgard Road (R113), northwest along New Road (R113), and east-northeast and westsouthwest along the N7 road. Arup Consulting Engineers This impact assessment provides an archaeological and historical background and discusses the main archaeological, architectural heritage and cultural heritage constraints. Ameliorative measures are proposed where necessary to safeguard any monuments, features or finds of antiquity and structures of architectural heritage or local cultural heritage interest that are identified during the course of the present study. Two recorded archaeological sites (sites of) could potentially be directly and profoundly impacted by the proposed scheme, DU021-01401 & DU021-01402 (Gateway & Datestone, Tables 12.6 and 12.7) and DU021-016 (Road, Table 12.8). Both sites lie partially under, and have been truncated by, the existing N7 dual carriageway junction, with the line of the old roadway extending southwest through Newlands Golf Course. There is no visible surface trace of these two sites, the location of which is known only from cartographic sources. The proposed scheme will have an indirect negative impact on two protected structures aligning the N7 road at the eastern extent of the proposed upgrade works: Newlands Villa and a late 19 th century farm building (ID 2, RPS 174, Table 12.2 & ID 3, RPS 172, Table 12.3). Three items of cultural heritage interest, all roadside memorials, will be directly impacted by the proposed works. All findings are discussed in detail in the report. All work was carried out in consultation with the appointed National Road Authority (NRA) Archaeologist for this scheme and the results and mitigation strategy are included in this report and accompanied by detailed mapping, drawings and photographs. Consultation with the National Monuments Section of the Department of Environment, Heritage and Local Government (DoEHLG) took place on 29 th November 2007. There was no conservation officer in South Dublin County Council (SDCC) at the time of writing. A Senior Planner in the Planning Department of SDCC and the Architectural Archive Unit of the DEHLG were consulted regarding architectural heritage. 12.2 Methodology 12.2.1 Record of Monuments and Places (RMP) and Sites and Monuments Record (SMR) The primary source of information for the desk study is the Record of Monuments and Places (RMP) of the DoEHLG. The Sites and Monuments Record (SMR), as revised in the light of fieldwork, formed the basis for the establishment of the statutory RMP pursuant to Section 12 of the National Monuments (Amendment) Act, 1994. The RMP records known upstanding archaeological monuments, their original location (in cases of destroyed monuments) and the position of possible sites identified as cropmarks on vertical aerial photographs. It is based on a comprehensive range of published and publicly available documentary and cartographic sources. The information held in the RMP files is read in conjunction with constraint maps (published at reduced six-inch scale). The RMP is constantly updated and is the first stage in the preparation of a national archaeological survey; inventories are published at an interim stage. December 2007 Page 173
South Dublin County Council N7 Newlands Cross Upgrade Environmental Impact Statement Arup Consulting Engineers 12.2.2 The topographical files of the National Museum of Ireland The topographical files of the National Museum of Ireland (NMI) identify recorded stray finds held in the museum’s archive. The files, which are donated to the state in accordance with national monuments legislation, are provenanced to townland and sometimes include reports on excavations undertaken by NMI archaeologists earlier in the twentieth century. 12.2.3 Documentary and cartographic sources Documentary and literary references were sourced in the National Library. The sources used are detailed in the bibliography below. The Excavations Manual, published by Wordwell was consulted for any previous relevant archaeological surveys and excavations. Historical maps sourced from the Trinity Map Library were examined to determine the changing nature of the land chosen for the proposed development. 12.2.4 South County Dublin County Council Development Plan 2004–2010 The primary source of architectural information is the South County Dublin Council Development Plan (2004–2010) which was consulted for Protected Structures in the study area. 12.2.5 National Inventory of Architectural Heritage (NIAH) The Survey of the Architectural Heritage of South Dublin County (2002) is one of the first in a series of surveys published by the National Inventory of Architectural Heritage (NIAH). Compiled by the Department of the Environment Heritage & Local Government (DEHLG), the NIAH is an extensive evaluated record of the architectural heritage of Ireland, concentrating on the post-medieval period. The inventory was formally established on a statutory basis under the provisions of the Architectural Heritage (National Inventory) and Historic Monuments (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1999. The inventory will provide the basis for the recommendations of the Minister of the Environment and Local Government to planning authorities to include structures, generally given ratings of regional, national or international significance, in the RPS. 12.2.6 Cartographic sources Cartographic sources consulted for this report include the Down Survey Barony Map of Uppercross (1656), Rocque’s Map of County Dublin (1760), Taylor’s map of County Dublin (1816), the 1 st Ordnance Survey map (1837-43), 2 nd edition Ordnance Survey map (1874), 3 rd edition Ordnance Survey map (1912) and the 1937 Ordnance Survey revision. 12.2.7 Aerial photographs Colour oblique aerial photographs of the lands adjacent to the N7 were examined for any evidence for cropmarks or earthworks in the vicinity of the study area. 12.2.8 Field inspection The land within the proposed upgrade works was inspected on 3 rd October and 6 th November 2007. The field inspection was undertaken to assess current and previous land use, access to the site, local topography and any additional environmental information relevant to the site’s appraisal. It also sought to identify any low-visibility archaeological features with little surface expression and to identify properties, structures or features considered to be of architectural or cultural heritage merit. 12.2.9 Standards and Guidelines The following legislation, standards and guidelines were consulted: • National Monuments Acts, 1930-2004 December 2007 Page 174
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PLATES
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APPENDIX A5 - TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORT
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0 kilometres 2 Scale N.T.S Ordnance
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APPENDIX A8 - NOISE AND VIBRATION
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APPENDIX A9 - AIR QUALITY
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APPENDIX A11 - ECOLOGY
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APPENDIX A12 - ARCHAEOLOGY, ARCHITE
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