Newlands Cross Upgrade EIS - European Investment Bank

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South Dublin County Council N7 Newlands Cross Upgrade Environmental Impact Statement Arup Consulting Engineers • The Planning and Development (Strategic Infrastructure) Bill, 2006 • Heritage Act, 1995 • Guidelines on the information to be contained in Environmental Impact Statements, 2002, EPA • Advice Notes on Current Practice (in preparation of Environmental Impact Statements), 2003, EPA • Frameworks and Principles for the Protection of the Archaeological Heritage, 1999, (formerly) Department of Arts, Heritage, Gaeltacht and Islands • Architectural Heritage (National Inventory) and Historic Monuments (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act, 2000 and the Local Government (Planning and Development) Act 2000 • Guidelines for the Assessment of Architectural Heritage Impact of National Road Schemes, 2006, NRA • Guidelines for the Assessment of Archaeological Heritage Impact of National Road Schemes, 2006, NRA 12.3 Existing Environment 12.3.1 Architectural and Cultural Heritage 12.3.1.1 Background Development around the junction at Newlands Cross is depicted on the historic mapping from as early as 1816, with the Shoulder of Mutton inn at the crossroads and other scattered structures extending out along the four roads (Section 12.3.1.2). Several of the structures shown on the 19 th century Ordnance Survey mapping survive and are situated in close proximity to the proposed upgrade works. Two of these, a farmhouse (RPS 174; ID No.2) and farmbuilding (ID No.3, RPS 172, Table 12.3) aligned onto the present N7 road, are protected structures and represent one of the few surviving elements of the formerly agricultural landscape that lay beyond the crossroads. A cottage (listed in the NIAH; ID No.5, Table 12.5), on the south side of the original Dublin-Naas road in Buckandhounds, is typical of many of the dwellings constructed along roadsides in the 19 th century. All of these structures are described in full in Section 12.3.1.2. The stone manor houses, or what became known in Ireland as the ‘big house’, were constructed by planter families in County Dublin, as elsewhere in the country, roughly between the years 1670 and 1850, and they are often found near to or on the sites of older ruined castles or tower houses, churches or defunct administrative centres. Big Houses were also often situated within embellished and ornamented demesne land ringed by high walls (McCullough & Mulvin, 1987). Newlands Demesne (now a golf course) occupies the lands on the southwest side of the crossroads, although the house associated with the late 17 th century demesne was demolished in 1981 by the Newlands Golf Club. An ice-house associated with the demesne was also demolished in the later 20 th century (Catherine Condren, Administrator, Newlands Golf Club, Pers.Comm.). This was located in an area of woodland in the southwestern portion of the demesne, close to an old quarry pit (Eamonn Dowling, Pers.Comm.). Newlands Golf Club was established on the Newlands Demesne in 1926. Up to that time, the demesne lands had remained substantially within the same parameters laid out in the late 17 th century by Sir John Cole, who is credited with establishing the demesne (Dowling 2001). With the exception of land taken for road-widening on both the Naas Road and the Belgard Road boundaries in the late 20 th century, the acreage and shape of the golf course is still much as it was then. This can be confirmed by comparison of the present Newlands Golf Course with the earliest Ordnance Survey map of 1843 and with a manuscript map drawn up for Lord Kilwarden in 1802. December 2007 Page 175
South Dublin County Council N7 Newlands Cross Upgrade Environmental Impact Statement Arup Consulting Engineers Before the demesne was laid out by Sir John Cole, there was a house at Newlands as early as 1577, when the surrounding lands were in the possession of the James Stanihurst, Recorder of the City of Dublin and Speaker of the Irish Parliaments of Edward VI, Queen Mary and Queen Elizabeth I. Newland was subsequently the country seat of Daniel Molyneux, Ulster King of Arms 1597-1632. Cole got possession of these lands in about 1658 and sometime between then and his death in 1693 the Demesne as we know it today was laid out. Some of the original oak trees planted at that period still survive on the golf course today. Cole’s son, Arthur, was ennobled as Baron Ranelagh but died without issue in 1754. The Earls of Enniskillen were descended from Sir John Cole through his daughter, Elizabeth (Dowling 2001). The demesne was purchased by Arthur Wolfe, a prominent lawyer and MP, in 1776. Wolfe subsequently became Lord Chief Justice of Ireland and was raised to the peerage as Viscount Kilwarden. He was assassinated on his way from Newlands to the city during Robert Emmett’s rebellion in 1803. After Kilwarden’s death, Newlands was rented by George Ponsonby for a couple of years when he was Lord Chancellor of Ireland 1806/07. He subsequently became Leader of the Whig party in the British House of Commons. The White Quakers, under their leader, Joshua Jacob, occupied the Demesne from 1845 to 1851 and cultivated food crops on the land for their own consumption. The last great jurist to occupy Newlands was Lord O’Brien of Kilfenora, Lord Chief Justice of Ireland, 1889-1913, who was in residence at the turn of the 20 th century (Dowling 2001). 12.3.1.2 Field Inspection Inventory of Properties or structures of architectural heritage merit along or within approx 100m of the Newlands cross section of the N7 While the focus of the inspection is from an architectural heritage perspective, every upstanding structure encountered in the field including modern structures, is recorded so as to provide a comprehensive survey of the study area’s built fabric. The survey (i.e. brief written description and photographic record) undertaken of the structures or features identified is a roadside survey and is based on external elevations only. A number of the larger properties are well screened and gated which restricted a close inspection. A total of 18 properties/features were identified during the field inspection, the majority of which are of no architectural heritage merit. Five properties/structures of architectural heritage merit were identified within approximately 100m of the proposed scheme. The following properties/structures (Tables 12.1 to 12.5) are of architectural heritage merit and can be cross-referenced on Figure 12.1. For a full list of the 18 properties/features see Appendix A12.1. December 2007 Page 176
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PLATES
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APPENDIX A5 - TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORT
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0 kilometres 2 Scale N.T.S Ordnance
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APPENDIX A8 - NOISE AND VIBRATION
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APPENDIX A9 - AIR QUALITY
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APPENDIX A11 - ECOLOGY
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APPENDIX A12 - ARCHAEOLOGY, ARCHITE
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