Technical Manual: Conduits through Embankment Dams (FEMA 484)

Conduits through Embankment Dams54 An example of the interior of conduit shape A ........................7855 An example of the interior of conduit shape B.........................7856 An example of the interior of conduit shape C.........................7957 Concrete saddles are used to support steel pipe located within a larger access conduit ...................................................8058 An example of the interior of conduit shape E ........................8159 A box shape is not commonly used for conduits. The designer needs tocarefully consider the advantages and disadvantages of this shape ......... 8360 Precast concrete using bedding as support . . . . . . . . . ...................8561 Conduit constructed prior to earthfill placement. Friction factors increaseembankment load on the conduit as adjacent earthfill settles more thanearthfill overlying the conduit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...................8862 Conduit constructed within a trench excavated into the embankment. Friction factors decrease embankment load on the conduit as earthfill overconduit settles downward relative to adjacent embankment .............. 8863 Longitudinal reinforcement across a conduit joint experienced tensile failurecaused by lateral spreading of the embankment dam ....................9264 Concrete placement for a reinforced cast-in-place conduit ............... 9265 Concrete placement for a reinforced cast-in-place conduit ............... 9366 Reinforced concrete pipe (RCP) details. The top figure illustrates pipe withsteel joint rings, and the bottom figure illustrates a concrete joint . . . ....... 9667 Reinforced concrete cylinder pipe (RCCP) details ......................9668 Prestressed concrete cylinder pipe (PCCP) details (lined cylinder) ......... 9769 Prestressed concrete cylinder pipe (PCCP) details (embedded cylinder) . . . . . 9770 Water seeping through a joint in an outlet works conduit. The joint hasexperienced differential settlement. This joint had no longitudinalreinforcement extending across the joint. The mortar joint filling hascracked and deteriorated .........................................10071 Actual embankment dam settlement can differ from predicted settlement . . 10172 Special design considerations are required in locations where differentialsettlement between two structures can occur . . . . . . . ..................10273 Typical control joint used in reinforced cast-in-place concrete conduitconstruction. Longitudinal reinforcement is continuous through the joint . 10474 An identifying tag used with a thermocoupler ........................10675 Waterstop is placed across the joints of conduits to stop water from coming through the joint .........................................10876 Typical waterstop used in conduit construction to prevent the movement of water through joints. The ends of this waterstop have been splicedtogether .......................................................10877 A poorly secured waterstop moved during concrete placement . . . . ...... 11078 Waterstop held firmly in place by use of a specially cut slot in the form . . . . 11079 A rubber gasket is installed at the spigot end of the precast concrete pipe . . 11180 Mastic being applied to exterior annular joint space of precast concrete pipe ..........................................................112xviii