Technical Manual: Conduits through Embankment Dams (FEMA 484)

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Conduits through Embankment DamsReferencesWilson, Charles, and Joseph Monroe, Dam Surgery—Repairs to Sugar Mill Dam, FultonCounty, Georgia, presented at the ASDSO Southeast Regional Conference, Norfolk,Virginia (entire reference is not available), 2004.Sugar Mill Community Association, Minutes of Board of Directors’ meetings: April18, 2002; May 7, 2002; and January 14, 2003B-102
Appendix B—Case HistoriesProject name: Turtle (Twin) Lake DamLocation: MontanaSummary: Sliplining of an existing outlet works conduit using HDPEConstructed in 1932 by the U.S. Indian Irrigation Service (now Bureau of IndianAffairs), Twin or Turtle Lake Dam is a 20-foot-high embankment dam, locatedabout 4 miles southeast of Polson, Montana on the Flathead Indian Reservation.The original outlet works at Turtle Lake Dam was constructed by cut and covermethods. The outlet works conduits were constructed of concrete pressure pipe inapproximately 4-foot long sections. The upstream conduit and the first 40 feet ofthe downstream conduit were 21-inch diameter pipe. The vertical wet well shaft atthe upstream edge of the dam crest separates the upstream and downstream conduitsand houses a 24-inch diameter slide gate, which regulates discharges. The remainderof the downstream conduit (340 feet, much of which extends downstream of the toeof the embankment dam) is 18-inch diameter.During the 1996-1997 winter, a sinkhole was discovered above the lower reaches ofthe downstream conduit. Investigations showed that a root ball had partially pluggedthe outlet, and portions of the pipe had partially collapsed. During the late spring of1997, the Bureau of Reclamation designed a temporary repair for the deterioratingoutlet works. Because of the small size of the conduit and the concern for seepagecoming into the conduit, it was decided that a watertight liner should be used. Theconduit downstream of the embankment dam toe was excavated, but it was notdesirable to excavate in the embankment dam itself. For this reason and becauseremotely CCTV inspection seemed to indicate potential for offsets and changes inthe conduit alignment, an HDPE sliplining was proposed.A 16-inch O.D. HDPE pipe was sliplined (figures B-75 and B-76) into the existingdownstream conduit beneath the dam up to the regulating gate, and the annulusbetween the existing and new pipes was grouted with a cement grout withsuperplasticizer. Downstream of the dam toe, the pipe transitions to a 22-inch O.D.pipe, which extends downstream to the original portal location.The HDPE-lined outlet works at Turtle Lake Dam has been in operation sincemodification without further incident. A CCTV inspection was conducted inApril 2001. The inspection indicated that the HDPE slipliner was performing well.B-103
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Technical Manual:Conduits throughEm
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PrefaceTens of thousands of conduit
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Prefacecondition. The hazard classi
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PrefaceLakeLine MagazineMaryland Da
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Conduits through Embankment Dams11.
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Contents23 Precast concrete pipe be
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Contents81 On first filling, a high
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Contents117 This conduit was severe
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Contents158 An example of a histori
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ContentsFigures in the AppendicesNo
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ContentsB-33 Aerial view of Como Da
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ContentsB-81 Cross section of Wiste
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ContentsMASW, multichannel analysis
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Symbolsc, cohesionE', modulus of so
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ContentsD 3350D 4221D 4253D 4254D 4
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IntroductionConduits convey water f
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IntroductionFigure 3.—A 15-inch d
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Introductionunstable. When seepage
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IntroductionAn embankment dam with
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A vortex may form at the location w
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IntroductionWater from the reservoi
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IntroductionFlowing water from the
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IntroductionThe process of dislodgi
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Introductionbe observable at the su
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IntroductionFigure 11.—Example of
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Introductionwhere conduits were ass
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Introduction• Conduits within lev
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IntroductionFigure 12.—An example
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Introductionmore recent practiced h
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IntroductionThe “best practices
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Chapter 1GeneralConduits have been
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Chapter 1—GeneralFigure 14.—Ant
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Chapter 1—GeneralFigure 17.—Fai
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Chapter 1—Generalmeans the condui
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Chapter 1—Generalfacilitate futur
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Chapter 2Conduit MaterialsVarious m
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Chapter 2—Conduit MaterialsFigure
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Chapter 2—Conduit Materials• Co
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Chapter 2—Conduit MaterialsSteel
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Chapter 2—Conduit Materials2.3.2
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Chapter 3Hydraulic Design of Condui
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Chapter 3—Hydraulic Design of Con
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Chapter 4Structural Design of Condu
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Chapter 4—Structural Design of Co
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Chapter 5Foundation and Embankment
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Chapter 5—Foundation and Embankme
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Chapter 6Filter ZonesZones of desig
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Chapter 6—Filter Zonesseepage or
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Chapter 6—Filter ZonesFigure 87.
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Chapter 6—Filter Zones3. Upstream
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Chapter 6—Filter Zonesbedrock sur
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Chapter 6—Filter Zoneszones, and
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Chapter 6—Filter Zonesfiltering t
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Chapter 6—Filter Zonessoil. This
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Chapter 6—Filter Zones6.8 Specifi
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Chapter 6—Filter ZonesVarious deg
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Chapter 6—Filter Zones• For pre
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Chapter 7Potential Failure Modes As
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Chapter 7—Potential Failure Modes
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Chapter 8Potential Defects Associat
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Chapter 8—Potential Defects Assoc
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Chapter 9Inspection and Assessment
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Chapter 9—Inspection and Assessme
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Chapter 10Evaluation by Geophysical
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Chapter 10—Evaluation by Geophysi
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Chapter 11Appropriate Emergency Act
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Chapter 11—Appropriate Emergency
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Table 11.2.—Potential problems an
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Chapter 12Renovation of ConduitsThe
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Chapter 12—Renovation of Conduits
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Chapter 13Replacement of ConduitsGe
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Chapter 13—Replacement of Conduit
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Chapter 14Repair and Abandonment of
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Chapter 14—Repair and Abandonment
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ReferencesThe following references
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ReferencesBureau of Reclamation, De
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ReferencesCooper, Chuck, E. Wesley
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ReferencesJacobsen, S., “Buckling
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ReferencesNatural Resources Conserv
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ReferencesU.S. Army Corps of Engine
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ReferencesWooten, R. Lee, Peter S.
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Additional ReadingThe following ref
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Additional ReadingCarter, Brent H.,
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Additional ReadingJohnson, Brian, J
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Additional ReadingNatural Resources
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Additional ReadingU.S. Army Corps o
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Additional ReadingVan Aller, Hal, R
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GlossaryThe terms defined in this g
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Glossary• Backward erosion piping
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GlossaryCathodic protection system
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GlossaryConsequences (FEMA, 2004):
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Glossarymalfunction or abnormality
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GlossaryDrawdown (FEMA, 2004): The
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GlossaryFailure mode (FEMA, 2004):
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GlossaryGate chamber: An outlet wor
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GlossaryImpervious: Not permeable;
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GlossaryLeakage (FEMA, 2004): Uncon
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GlossaryOpen cut: An excavation thr
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GlossaryPolyvinyl chloride (PVC): A
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GlossaryResistivity: A measure of t
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GlossarySettlement (FEMA, 2004): Th
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GlossaryStandard Proctor compaction
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GlossaryThermoset (ASTM F 412, 2001
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GlossaryReferencesAmerican Concrete
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IndexAAbandonment of conduits, 225,
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IndexCompaction of backfill, 6, 10,
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IndexDDamembankment, 113-130, 333-3
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IndexExisting conduit, 23, 31, 45-5
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IndexHydraulic fracture, 4-11, 17,
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IndexMechanical caliper, 246Metal c
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IndexPressure flow, see Conduit, pr
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IndexSliplining, 39, 45-47, 51, 164
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IndexUUltrasonic pulse-echo, 245, 2
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Appendix AHistory of Antiseep Colla
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Appendix A—History of Antiseep Co
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Appendix BCase HistoriesIndexDam Lo
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Appendix B—Case HistoriesDam Loca
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Appendix B—Case HistoriesProject
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Appendix B—Case HistoriesFigure B
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Appendix B—Case Historiesproject,
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Appendix B—Case Historieswatersto
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Appendix B—Case HistoriesLessons
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Appendix B—Case HistoriesThe cond
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Appendix B—Case Historiesroadway.
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Appendix B—Case Historiesentire c
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Appendix B—Case Historieshauled i
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Appendix B—Case Historiescoal tar
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Appendix B—Case Historieshistory
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Technical Manual: Conduits through Embankment Dams (FEMA 484)

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