Technical Manual: Conduits through Embankment Dams (FEMA 484)

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Conduits through Embankment DamsUplift (ASCE, 2000): The pressure in the upward direction against the bottom of astructure, such as an embankment dam or conduit.Upstream access: Entry through an entrance structure or inlet portal of a conduit.Upstream control: Regulation of flow within a conduit located near or at theentrance structure or inlet portal.Utility conduit: A conduit utilized for electricity, gas, telecommunications, water,or sewer service.Valve (FEMA, 2004): A device fitted to a pipeline or orifice in which the closuremember is either rotated or moved transversely or longitudinally in the waterway soas to control or stop the flow.Void: A hole or cavity within the foundation or within the embankment materialssurrounding a conduit.Water content (ASTM D 653, 2002): The ratio of the mass of water contained inthe pore spaces of soil or rock material, to the solid mass of particles in that material,expressed as a percentage.Water quality: The condition of water as it relates to impurities.Waterstop (ACI, 2000): A thin sheet of metal, rubber, plastic, or other materialinserted across a joint to obstruct the seepage of water through the joint.Watertight (ASTM C 822, 2002): Will restrain the passage of water to not exceed aspecified limit.Weir (ASCE, 2000): A barrier in a waterway, over which water flows, serving toregulate the water level or measure flow.Working stress design method (ACI, 2000): A method of proportioningstructures or members for prescribed working loads at stresses well below theultimate, and assuming linear distribution of flexural stresses. Also known as thealternate design method.Zone: An area or portion of an embankment dam constructed using similarmaterials and similar construction and compaction methods throughout.420
GlossaryReferencesAmerican Concrete Institute, Cement and Concrete Terminology, Committee Report,2000.American Society of Civil Engineers, Gridlines for Instrumentation and Measurements forMonitoring Dam Performance, 2000.American Society of Civil Engineers, ASCE Standard CI/ASCE 36-01 StandardConstruction Guidelines for Microtunneling, 2001.ASTM International*, F 1743, Standard Practice for Rehabilitation of Existing Pipelines andConduits by Pulled-in-Place Installation of Cured-in-Place Thermosetting Resin Pipe (CIPP),1996.ASTM International*, D 5813, Standard Specification for Cured-In-Place Thermosetting ResinSewer Piping Systems, 2000.ASTM International*, D 883, Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics, 2000.ASTM International*, F 412, Standard Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems, 2001.ASTM International*, C 822, Standard Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and RelatedProducts, 2002.ASTM International*, D 653, Standard Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and ContainedFluids, 2002.Federal Emergency Management Agency, Federal Guidelines for Dam Safety: Glossary ofTerms, 2004.International Commission on Large Dams, Lessons from Dam Incidents, CompleteEdition, 1974.* The ASTM definitions in this glossary were extracted, with permission, fromASTM standards, copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, WestConshohocken, PA 19428. A copy of the complete standard may be obtained fromASTM (www.astm.org).421
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Technical Manual:Conduits throughEm
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PrefaceTens of thousands of conduit
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Prefacecondition. The hazard classi
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PrefaceLakeLine MagazineMaryland Da
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Conduits through Embankment Dams11.
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Contents23 Precast concrete pipe be
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Contents81 On first filling, a high
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Contents117 This conduit was severe
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Contents158 An example of a histori
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ContentsFigures in the AppendicesNo
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ContentsB-33 Aerial view of Como Da
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ContentsB-81 Cross section of Wiste
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ContentsMASW, multichannel analysis
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Symbolsc, cohesionE', modulus of so
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ContentsD 3350D 4221D 4253D 4254D 4
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IntroductionConduits convey water f
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IntroductionFigure 3.—A 15-inch d
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Introductionunstable. When seepage
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IntroductionAn embankment dam with
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A vortex may form at the location w
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IntroductionWater from the reservoi
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IntroductionFlowing water from the
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IntroductionThe process of dislodgi
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Introductionbe observable at the su
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IntroductionFigure 11.—Example of
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Introductionwhere conduits were ass
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Introduction• Conduits within lev
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IntroductionFigure 12.—An example
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Introductionmore recent practiced h
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IntroductionThe “best practices
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Chapter 1GeneralConduits have been
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Chapter 1—GeneralFigure 14.—Ant
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Chapter 1—GeneralFigure 17.—Fai
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Chapter 1—Generalmeans the condui
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Chapter 1—Generalfacilitate futur
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Chapter 2Conduit MaterialsVarious m
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Chapter 2—Conduit MaterialsFigure
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Chapter 2—Conduit Materials• Co
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Chapter 2—Conduit MaterialsSteel
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Chapter 2—Conduit Materials2.3.2
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Chapter 3Hydraulic Design of Condui
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Chapter 3—Hydraulic Design of Con
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Chapter 4Structural Design of Condu
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Chapter 4—Structural Design of Co
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Chapter 5Foundation and Embankment
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Chapter 5—Foundation and Embankme
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Chapter 6Filter ZonesZones of desig
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Chapter 6—Filter Zonesseepage or
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Chapter 6—Filter ZonesFigure 87.
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Chapter 6—Filter Zones3. Upstream
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Chapter 6—Filter Zonesbedrock sur
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Chapter 6—Filter Zoneszones, and
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Chapter 6—Filter Zonesfiltering t
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Chapter 6—Filter Zonessoil. This
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Chapter 6—Filter Zones6.8 Specifi
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Chapter 6—Filter ZonesVarious deg
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Chapter 6—Filter Zones• For pre
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Chapter 7Potential Failure Modes As
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Chapter 7—Potential Failure Modes
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Chapter 8Potential Defects Associat
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Chapter 8—Potential Defects Assoc
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Chapter 9Inspection and Assessment
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Chapter 9—Inspection and Assessme
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Chapter 10Evaluation by Geophysical
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Chapter 10—Evaluation by Geophysi
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Chapter 11Appropriate Emergency Act
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Chapter 11—Appropriate Emergency
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Table 11.2.—Potential problems an
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Chapter 12Renovation of ConduitsThe
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Chapter 12—Renovation of Conduits
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Chapter 13Replacement of ConduitsGe
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Chapter 13—Replacement of Conduit
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Chapter 14Repair and Abandonment of
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Chapter 14—Repair and Abandonment
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ReferencesThe following references
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ReferencesBureau of Reclamation, De
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ReferencesCooper, Chuck, E. Wesley
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Page 409 and 410: ReferencesNatural Resources Conserv
Page 411 and 412: ReferencesU.S. Army Corps of Engine
Page 413 and 414: ReferencesWooten, R. Lee, Peter S.
Page 415 and 416: Additional ReadingThe following ref
Page 417 and 418: Additional ReadingCarter, Brent H.,
Page 419 and 420: Additional ReadingJohnson, Brian, J
Page 421 and 422: Additional ReadingNatural Resources
Page 423 and 424: Additional ReadingU.S. Army Corps o
Page 425 and 426: Additional ReadingVan Aller, Hal, R
Page 427 and 428: GlossaryThe terms defined in this g
Page 429 and 430: Glossary• Backward erosion piping
Page 431 and 432: GlossaryCathodic protection system
Page 433 and 434: GlossaryConsequences (FEMA, 2004):
Page 435 and 436: Glossarymalfunction or abnormality
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Page 455 and 456: GlossaryStandard Proctor compaction
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Page 461 and 462: IndexAAbandonment of conduits, 225,
Page 463 and 464: IndexCompaction of backfill, 6, 10,
Page 465 and 466: IndexDDamembankment, 113-130, 333-3
Page 467 and 468: IndexExisting conduit, 23, 31, 45-5
Page 469 and 470: IndexHydraulic fracture, 4-11, 17,
Page 471 and 472: IndexMechanical caliper, 246Metal c
Page 473 and 474: IndexPressure flow, see Conduit, pr
Page 475 and 476: IndexSliplining, 39, 45-47, 51, 164
Page 477 and 478: IndexUUltrasonic pulse-echo, 245, 2
Page 479 and 480: Appendix AHistory of Antiseep Colla
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Page 487 and 488: Appendix BCase HistoriesIndexDam Lo
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Appendix B—Case HistoriesFigure B
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Appendix B—Case HistoriesLessons
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Appendix B—Case HistoriesThe cond
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Appendix B—Case Historiesroadway.
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Appendix B—Case Historiesentire c
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Appendix B—Case HistoriesProject
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Appendix B—Case Historieshauled i
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Appendix B—Case Historiescoal tar
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Appendix B—Case Historieshistory
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Appendix B—Case Historiesarea, a
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Appendix B—Case Historiespipe. Du
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Appendix B—Case Historiesinvert o
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Appendix B—Case Historiesdownstre
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Appendix B—Case Historiesof sever
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Appendix B—Case HistoriesThe down
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Appendix B—Case Historieshose and
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Appendix B—Case HistoriesADownstr
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Technical Manual: Conduits through Embankment Dams (FEMA 484)

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