Technical Manual: Conduits through Embankment Dams (FEMA 484)

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Conduits through Embankment DamsPPenetrometer, 123, 276Penstock, 1, 69, 70, 193Periodic inspections, see Inspection, periodicPermeability, 28, 29, 114, 117, 124, 126, 129, 133, 134, 147, 148, 150, 161, 171, 252Pervious zone, 39, 79-81, 83, 84, 120, 133, 198Phreatic line, 134, 135, 161Phreatic surface, 247, 294Piezometer, 227, 288, 357Pig, 221, 230, 256, 258, 260, 294, 295, 297, 305Pipecast iron, 41, 50, 55corrugated metal, 1, 18, 21, 25, 41, 50, 54-56, 98, 158, 159, 183-186, 190, 191,210, 222, 229, 248, 250, 256, 259, 282, 287, 293, 295, 296, 308, 312-314,325, 360corrugated steel, 185cured-in-place, 48-50, 290, 324-331ductile iron, 1, 39, 41, 53, 54plastic, 1, 25, 41, 45, 46, 48, 49, 89, 95, 97, 98, 102, 107, 118, 120, 149, 158, 177,178, 180, 187, 229, 270, 284, 286, 290, 297, 298, 302, 324, 342, 348precast concrete, 1, 25, 41, 44, 45, 76, 80-85, 89, 93-95, 99, 102, 106, 107, 109,111, 112, 190prestressed concrete cylinder, 44, 93-95, 97, 106, 107reinforced concrete, 22, 39, 44, 74, 89, 90, 93-96, 106, 107, 159, 289, 304, 317,339reinforced concrete cylinder, 44, 93, 94, 96, 106, 107riser, 282, 308steel, 21, 25, 26, 36, 39, 50-52, 63, 67, 69, 79, 80, 98, 101, 185, 228, 246,256-258, 278, 290, 301, 316-323, 339, 348Pipe jacking, 337Piping, see Backward erosion pipingPitting, 181, 183, 232, 260, 340Policy, federal agency, see Federal agency policyPolyester, 48Polyethylene, 26, 46-48, 178, 180, 300Polyvinyl chloride, 46-48, 107, 109, 224, 278, 293, 300, 305, 342, 360Poor design and construction, 2, 165, 187, 190, 349Pore pressure, 17, 237, 335, 342Potential defects, 177Potential failure modes, 34, 159, 177, 190, 227, 286Power conduits, see Conduits, powerPrecast concrete pipe, see Pipe, precast concrete434
IndexPressure flow, see Conduit, pressurizedPrincipal spillway, 67, 69, 94, 95Pumping, 24, 25, 66, 230, 270, 278, 281, 283, 311, 322, 338, 340-342, 346, 347, 355,356, 358, 360-362QQuality assurance, 81, 137, 151Quality control, 21, 30, 43, 48, 151, 153, 271Quality of water, see Water qualityRRadar, see Ground-penetrating radarRadiography, 245, 246, 260Ramp, earthfill, 123Rebuilding the embankment dam, 334Reinforcement, 39, 41-45, 48, 75, 82-84, 87, 90, 92, 98-100, 102-104, 178, 185, 186,188, 211, 213, 221, 224, 289, 351, 352Reinforced cast-in-place concrete, see Concrete, reinforced cast-in-placeRelative density, 152, 153Remotely operated vehicle, 205, 213, 217Removal of the control structure of the spillway, 284Removal of the existing conduit, 333Removal of the inlet structure, 282Renovation of conduits, 39, 41, 45, 46, 48, 50, 76, 98, 135, 138-140, 145, 146, 157,164, 177, 187, 188, 229, 289-291, 295, 303, 304, 316, 330-332, 335, 337,341, 345, 346, 348, 353, 355Repair of conduits, 41, 164, 177Replacement of conduits, 195, 277, 289, 331, 336, 345Reservoir evacuation, 1, 58, 273, 277, 286Reservoir Operating Restriction, 287, 288Reservoir water level and flows, 236, 242Resin, 46, 48, 107, 298, 325, 326, 328, 330, 352-355Resistivity, see Electrical resistivityResolution, 217, 218, 246, 257Riprap, 57, 58, 73, 284, 286Riser pipe, see Pipe, riserRoadway, 253435
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Technical Manual:Conduits throughEm
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PrefaceTens of thousands of conduit
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Prefacecondition. The hazard classi
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PrefaceLakeLine MagazineMaryland Da
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Conduits through Embankment Dams11.
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Contents23 Precast concrete pipe be
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Contents81 On first filling, a high
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Contents117 This conduit was severe
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Contents158 An example of a histori
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ContentsFigures in the AppendicesNo
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ContentsB-33 Aerial view of Como Da
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ContentsB-81 Cross section of Wiste
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ContentsMASW, multichannel analysis
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Symbolsc, cohesionE', modulus of so
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ContentsD 3350D 4221D 4253D 4254D 4
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IntroductionConduits convey water f
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IntroductionFigure 3.—A 15-inch d
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Introductionunstable. When seepage
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IntroductionAn embankment dam with
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A vortex may form at the location w
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IntroductionWater from the reservoi
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IntroductionFlowing water from the
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IntroductionThe process of dislodgi
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Introductionbe observable at the su
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IntroductionFigure 11.—Example of
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Introductionwhere conduits were ass
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Introduction• Conduits within lev
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IntroductionFigure 12.—An example
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Introductionmore recent practiced h
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IntroductionThe “best practices
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Chapter 1GeneralConduits have been
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Chapter 1—GeneralFigure 14.—Ant
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Chapter 1—GeneralFigure 17.—Fai
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Chapter 1—Generalmeans the condui
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Chapter 1—Generalfacilitate futur
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Chapter 2Conduit MaterialsVarious m
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Chapter 2—Conduit MaterialsFigure
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Chapter 2—Conduit Materials• Co
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Chapter 2—Conduit MaterialsSteel
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Chapter 2—Conduit Materials2.3.2
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Chapter 3Hydraulic Design of Condui
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Chapter 3—Hydraulic Design of Con
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Chapter 4Structural Design of Condu
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Chapter 4—Structural Design of Co
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Chapter 5Foundation and Embankment
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Chapter 5—Foundation and Embankme
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Chapter 6Filter ZonesZones of desig
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Chapter 6—Filter Zonesseepage or
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Chapter 6—Filter ZonesFigure 87.
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Chapter 6—Filter Zones3. Upstream
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Chapter 6—Filter Zonesbedrock sur
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Chapter 6—Filter Zoneszones, and
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Chapter 6—Filter Zonesfiltering t
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Chapter 6—Filter Zonessoil. This
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Chapter 6—Filter Zones6.8 Specifi
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Chapter 6—Filter ZonesVarious deg
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Chapter 6—Filter Zones• For pre
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Chapter 7Potential Failure Modes As
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Chapter 7—Potential Failure Modes
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Chapter 8Potential Defects Associat
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Chapter 8—Potential Defects Assoc
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Chapter 9Inspection and Assessment
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Chapter 9—Inspection and Assessme
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Chapter 10Evaluation by Geophysical
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Chapter 10—Evaluation by Geophysi
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Chapter 11Appropriate Emergency Act
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Chapter 11—Appropriate Emergency
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Table 11.2.—Potential problems an
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Chapter 12Renovation of ConduitsThe
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Chapter 12—Renovation of Conduits
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Chapter 13Replacement of ConduitsGe
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Chapter 13—Replacement of Conduit
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Chapter 14Repair and Abandonment of
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Chapter 14—Repair and Abandonment
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ReferencesThe following references
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ReferencesBureau of Reclamation, De
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ReferencesCooper, Chuck, E. Wesley
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ReferencesJacobsen, S., “Buckling
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ReferencesNatural Resources Conserv
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ReferencesU.S. Army Corps of Engine
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ReferencesWooten, R. Lee, Peter S.
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Additional ReadingThe following ref
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Additional ReadingCarter, Brent H.,
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Additional ReadingJohnson, Brian, J
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Page 427 and 428: GlossaryThe terms defined in this g
Page 429 and 430: Glossary• Backward erosion piping
Page 431 and 432: GlossaryCathodic protection system
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Page 435 and 436: Glossarymalfunction or abnormality
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Page 441 and 442: GlossaryGate chamber: An outlet wor
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Page 449 and 450: GlossaryPolyvinyl chloride (PVC): A
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Page 453 and 454: GlossarySettlement (FEMA, 2004): Th
Page 455 and 456: GlossaryStandard Proctor compaction
Page 457 and 458: GlossaryThermoset (ASTM F 412, 2001
Page 459 and 460: GlossaryReferencesAmerican Concrete
Page 461 and 462: IndexAAbandonment of conduits, 225,
Page 463 and 464: IndexCompaction of backfill, 6, 10,
Page 465 and 466: IndexDDamembankment, 113-130, 333-3
Page 467 and 468: IndexExisting conduit, 23, 31, 45-5
Page 469 and 470: IndexHydraulic fracture, 4-11, 17,
Page 471: IndexMechanical caliper, 246Metal c
Page 475 and 476: IndexSliplining, 39, 45-47, 51, 164
Page 477 and 478: IndexUUltrasonic pulse-echo, 245, 2
Page 479 and 480: Appendix AHistory of Antiseep Colla
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Page 487 and 488: Appendix BCase HistoriesIndexDam Lo
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Appendix B—Case HistoriesFigure B
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Appendix B—Case Historiesroadway.
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Appendix B—Case Historiesentire c
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Appendix B—Case HistoriesProject
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Appendix B—Case Historieshauled i
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Appendix B—Case Historiescoal tar
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Appendix B—Case Historieshistory
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Appendix B—Case Historiesarea, a
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Appendix B—Case HistoriesLessons
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Appendix B—Case Historiespipe. Du
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Appendix B—Case Historiesinvert o
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Appendix B—Case Historiesdownstre
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Appendix B—Case HistoriesThe caus
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Appendix B—Case Historiesof sever
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Appendix B—Case HistoriesThe down
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Appendix B—Case Historieshose and
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Appendix B—Case HistoriesADownstr
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Technical Manual: Conduits through Embankment Dams (FEMA 484)

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