Technical Manual: Conduits through Embankment Dams (FEMA 484)

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Conduits through Embankment Dams12.2 Cured-in-place pipePlastic cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) liners are typically used within inaccessibleconduits. However, guidance provided in section 12.2 basically applies to lining ofaccessible or inaccessible conduits. CIPP liners are best suited for existing conduitsthat are not severely damaged or deformed and have constant diameters and nosharp bends. The designer should consider the method of CIPP liner installation aspart of the design process. CIPP liners can be inserted into the existing conduit byeither the inversion method (ASTM F 1216) or the pulled-in-place method (ASTMF 1743).Additional information on CIPP liners used in sewer and pipeline application isavailable in USACE’s Guidelines for Trenchless Technology: Cured-in-Place Pipe (CIPP), Foldand-FormedPipe (FFP), Mini-Horizontal Directional Drilling (Mini-HDD), andMicrotunneling (1995d) and ASTM D 5813.12.2.1 Design considerationsThe designer must evaluate a number of design parameters when considering CIPPlining for conduits. A few of the most significant design parameters include:• Seepage paths• Service life• Initial inspection of the existing conduit• Selection of the diameter and thickness• Thermal expansion/contraction• Stress cracking• Fabrication• Joints• Flotation• Entrance and terminal structures324
Chapter 12—Renovation of ConduitsThese parameters are further discussed in the following paragraphs. On a case-bycasebasis, the designer may need to consider additional parameters, depending onthe performance criteria and design requirements of the specific application.Seepage paths.—For a discussion of seepage paths, refer to section 12.1.1.Service life.—Research conducted by the Trenchless Technology Center atLouisiana Tech University found that the service design life of CIPP liners generallyexceeds 50 years. The inversion tube processes, in which a resin-impregnated tube iscured in place, may not be suitable for lining bituminous coated CMP conduitsunless they are prelined to prevent contamination of the resin by chemicals presentin the asphalt coating (USACE, 1990, p. 3).Initial inspection of the existing conduit.—For a discussion of the initialinspection of an existing conduit refer to section 12.1.1.Selection of the diameter and thickness.—The selection of the diameter andthickness of the CIPP liner should consider the following factors:• Size and condition of the existing conduit.—The size of the existing conduit will limitthe diameter of the CIPP liner. A determination of the condition of theexisting conduit is required to estimate the contributing support. Aconservative assumption would be that the existing conduit is “fullydeteriorated.” For this assumption, the existing conduit provides nocontributing support, and the CIPP lining needs to carry the external andinternal loads resulting from the embankment dam and hydrostatic waterpressures. A less conservative assumption would be an existing conduit in apartially deteriorated condition. For this condition, the existing conduit isassumed to be able to accommodate all internal and external loads for the lifeof the renovated conduit. If the existing conduit is large enough for man-entry,spot repairs of deteriorated areas may be considered prior to CIPP linerplacement.• Discharge requirements.—Similar discharge requirements are needed for CIPPliners as are used for the design of HDPE slipliners; see section 12.1.1 forfurther details.• Clearance requirements.—Grouting is not normally required, since the CIPP linerfits tightly against the interior surface of the existing conduit. However, thedesigner needs to closely evaluate the applicability of a CIPP liner used forlining of a CMP conduit. The CIPP liner cannot tightly fit within thecorrugations, and the ability to grout this annulus would be difficult.325
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Technical Manual:Conduits throughEm
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PrefaceTens of thousands of conduit
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Prefacecondition. The hazard classi
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PrefaceLakeLine MagazineMaryland Da
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Conduits through Embankment Dams11.
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Contents23 Precast concrete pipe be
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Contents81 On first filling, a high
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Contents117 This conduit was severe
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Contents158 An example of a histori
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ContentsFigures in the AppendicesNo
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ContentsB-33 Aerial view of Como Da
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ContentsB-81 Cross section of Wiste
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ContentsMASW, multichannel analysis
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Symbolsc, cohesionE', modulus of so
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ContentsD 3350D 4221D 4253D 4254D 4
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IntroductionConduits convey water f
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IntroductionFigure 3.—A 15-inch d
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Introductionunstable. When seepage
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IntroductionAn embankment dam with
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A vortex may form at the location w
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IntroductionWater from the reservoi
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IntroductionFlowing water from the
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IntroductionThe process of dislodgi
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Introductionbe observable at the su
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IntroductionFigure 11.—Example of
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Introductionwhere conduits were ass
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Introduction• Conduits within lev
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IntroductionFigure 12.—An example
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Introductionmore recent practiced h
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IntroductionThe “best practices
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Chapter 1GeneralConduits have been
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Chapter 1—GeneralFigure 14.—Ant
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Chapter 1—GeneralFigure 17.—Fai
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Chapter 1—Generalmeans the condui
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Chapter 1—Generalfacilitate futur
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Chapter 2Conduit MaterialsVarious m
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Chapter 2—Conduit MaterialsFigure
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Chapter 2—Conduit Materials• Co
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Chapter 2—Conduit MaterialsSteel
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Chapter 2—Conduit Materials2.3.2
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Chapter 3Hydraulic Design of Condui
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Chapter 3—Hydraulic Design of Con
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Chapter 4Structural Design of Condu
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Chapter 4—Structural Design of Co
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Chapter 5Foundation and Embankment
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Chapter 5—Foundation and Embankme
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Chapter 6Filter ZonesZones of desig
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Chapter 6—Filter Zonesseepage or
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Chapter 6—Filter ZonesFigure 87.
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Chapter 6—Filter Zones3. Upstream
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Chapter 6—Filter Zonesbedrock sur
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Chapter 6—Filter Zoneszones, and
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Chapter 6—Filter Zonesfiltering t
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Chapter 6—Filter Zonessoil. This
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Chapter 6—Filter Zones6.8 Specifi
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Chapter 6—Filter ZonesVarious deg
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Chapter 6—Filter Zones• For pre
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Chapter 7Potential Failure Modes As
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Chapter 7—Potential Failure Modes
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Chapter 8Potential Defects Associat
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Chapter 8—Potential Defects Assoc
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Chapter 9Inspection and Assessment
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Chapter 9—Inspection and Assessme
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Chapter 10Evaluation by Geophysical
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Chapter 10—Evaluation by Geophysi
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Chapter 11Appropriate Emergency Act
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Chapter 11—Appropriate Emergency
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Table 11.2.—Potential problems an
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Page 327 and 328: Chapter 12Renovation of ConduitsThe
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Page 369 and 370: Chapter 13Replacement of ConduitsGe
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Page 383 and 384: Chapter 14Repair and Abandonment of
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Page 401 and 402: ReferencesThe following references
Page 403 and 404: ReferencesBureau of Reclamation, De
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Page 407 and 408: ReferencesJacobsen, S., “Buckling
Page 409 and 410: ReferencesNatural Resources Conserv
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ReferencesWooten, R. Lee, Peter S.
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Additional ReadingThe following ref
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Additional ReadingCarter, Brent H.,
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Additional ReadingJohnson, Brian, J
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Additional ReadingNatural Resources
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Additional ReadingU.S. Army Corps o
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Additional ReadingVan Aller, Hal, R
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GlossaryThe terms defined in this g
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Glossary• Backward erosion piping
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GlossaryCathodic protection system
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GlossaryConsequences (FEMA, 2004):
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Glossarymalfunction or abnormality
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GlossaryDrawdown (FEMA, 2004): The
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GlossaryFailure mode (FEMA, 2004):
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GlossaryGate chamber: An outlet wor
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GlossaryImpervious: Not permeable;
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GlossaryLeakage (FEMA, 2004): Uncon
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GlossaryOpen cut: An excavation thr
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GlossaryPolyvinyl chloride (PVC): A
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GlossaryResistivity: A measure of t
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GlossarySettlement (FEMA, 2004): Th
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GlossaryStandard Proctor compaction
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GlossaryThermoset (ASTM F 412, 2001
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GlossaryReferencesAmerican Concrete
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IndexAAbandonment of conduits, 225,
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IndexCompaction of backfill, 6, 10,
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IndexDDamembankment, 113-130, 333-3
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IndexExisting conduit, 23, 31, 45-5
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IndexHydraulic fracture, 4-11, 17,
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IndexMechanical caliper, 246Metal c
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IndexPressure flow, see Conduit, pr
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IndexSliplining, 39, 45-47, 51, 164
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IndexUUltrasonic pulse-echo, 245, 2
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Appendix AHistory of Antiseep Colla
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Appendix A—History of Antiseep Co
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Appendix BCase HistoriesIndexDam Lo
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Appendix B—Case HistoriesDam Loca
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Appendix B—Case HistoriesProject
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Appendix B—Case HistoriesFigure B
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Appendix B—Case Historiesproject,
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Appendix B—Case Historieswatersto
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Appendix B—Case HistoriesLessons
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Appendix B—Case HistoriesThe cond
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Appendix B—Case Historiesroadway.
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Appendix B—Case Historiesentire c
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Appendix B—Case Historieshauled i
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Appendix B—Case Historiescoal tar
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Appendix B—Case Historiesarea, a
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Appendix B—Case Historiespipe. Du
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Appendix B—Case Historiesinvert o
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Appendix B—Case Historiesof sever
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Appendix B—Case HistoriesThe down
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Appendix B—Case Historieshose and
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Appendix B—Case HistoriesADownstr
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Technical Manual: Conduits through Embankment Dams (FEMA 484)

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