Technical Manual: Conduits through Embankment Dams (FEMA 484)

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Conduits through Embankment DamsMcCook, Danny K., Chimney Filters—Design and Construction Considerations, ASDSOConference, 1997.McCook, Danny K., Three Seepage Case Histories, ASDSO Conference, 2000.McCook, Danny K., Things Mother Never Told You about Earth Dam Design, ASDSOConference, 2002.McCook, Danny K., Filter Design Tightrope, ASDSO Conference, 2003.McCook, Danny K., Supplemental Tests to Evaluate Suitability of Materials Proposed for Usein Critical Filter Zones, ASDSO Conference, 2005.Montana, Carl, Donald Basinger, and Jonathan Phillippe, Observations on the Wear andTear of PL-566 Dams in Virginia and Montana, ASDSO Conference, 1999.Montana Dam Safety, Small Earthen Dam Construction, 2004.Montgomery, Mike, Design of Repairs to Anita Dam, FEMA/ICODS TechnicalSeminar Number 6, 1999.Montgomery, Jerry R., and Val O. Kofoed, Mapping, Tracking, and Monitoring FlowPaths through Earthen Dams, ASDSO Conference, 2001.National Park Service, Alternate Low-Level Outlets, 1993.Natural Resources Conservation Service, Structural Design of Standard Covered Risers,Technical Release TR-30, 1965.Natural Resources Conservation Service, Required Three-Edge Bearing Strength for RigidPipe, Design Note DN-02, 1967.Natural Resources Conservation Service, Cradle Modification Where a Rock FoundationHiatus Exists, Design Note DN-04, 1968.Natural Resources Conservation Service, Drop Spillways, NEH-11, 1968 (with 1986revision deleting Chap 6).Natural Resources Conservation Service, Variation in Joint Extensibility Requirements asConduit is Moved Up or Down from Embankment Dam Interface, Design Note DN-07,1969.Natural Resources Conservation Service, Gated Outlet Appurtenances, Earth Dams,Technical Release Technical Release 46, 1969.382
Additional ReadingNatural Resources Conservation Service, Soil Mechanics Considerations for EmbankmentDrains, Soil Mechanics Note SMN-3, 1971.Natural Resources Conservation Service, Control of Underground Corrosion, Design NoteDN-12, 1971.Natural Resources Conservation Service, Some Comments on the Location of Riser-ConduitArticulation Joints, Design Note DN-17, 1977.Natural Resources Conservation Service, Reinforced Concrete Strength Design, TechnicalRelease TR-67, 1980.Natural Resources Conservation Service, Structural Design, NEH-6, 1980.Natural Resources Conservation Service, Gated Outlet Appurtenances, Earth DamsAmendment 1, Technical Release TR-46, 1984.Natural Resources Conservation Service, Permeability of Selected Clean Sands and Gravels,Soil Mechanics Note SMN-09, 1984.Natural Resources Conservation Service, Chute Spillways, NEH-14, 1985.Natural Resources Conservation Service, Portable Pinhole Test Apparatus, SoilMechanics Note SMN-12, 1987.Natural Resources Conservation Service, Design and Installation Flexible Conduits,Technical Release TR-77, 1990.Natural Resources Conservation Service, Design and Installation of Flexible Conduits—Plastic Pipes, Technical Release TR-77A, 1993.O’Connor, Robert W., and Joseph S. Haugh, Televised Inspection of Aging Flood ControlStructures to Assist in Prioritizing Maintenance Needs and Funding, ASDSO Conference,1998.Passage, Jim, Bill Kiel, Kim deRubertis, and Gerry Millar, Tunnel Repairs through aManhole, ASDSO Conference, 2002.Price, Ted, Inspecting Coal Refuse Dam Decant Pipes with Rotator Sonic Caliper, ASDSOWestern Regional Seminar, 1996.Pritchett, Edward C., “Embankment Seepage Control-Design and Construction,”Proceedings of Symposium on Seepage and Leakage from Dams and Impoundments, ASCE,Denver, Colorado, 1985, pp. 31-43.383
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Technical Manual:Conduits throughEm
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PrefaceTens of thousands of conduit
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Prefacecondition. The hazard classi
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PrefaceLakeLine MagazineMaryland Da
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Conduits through Embankment Dams11.
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Contents23 Precast concrete pipe be
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Contents81 On first filling, a high
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Contents117 This conduit was severe
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Contents158 An example of a histori
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ContentsFigures in the AppendicesNo
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ContentsB-33 Aerial view of Como Da
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ContentsB-81 Cross section of Wiste
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ContentsMASW, multichannel analysis
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Symbolsc, cohesionE', modulus of so
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ContentsD 3350D 4221D 4253D 4254D 4
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IntroductionConduits convey water f
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IntroductionFigure 3.—A 15-inch d
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Introductionunstable. When seepage
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IntroductionAn embankment dam with
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A vortex may form at the location w
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IntroductionWater from the reservoi
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IntroductionFlowing water from the
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IntroductionThe process of dislodgi
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Introductionbe observable at the su
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IntroductionFigure 11.—Example of
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Introductionwhere conduits were ass
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Introduction• Conduits within lev
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IntroductionFigure 12.—An example
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Introductionmore recent practiced h
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IntroductionThe “best practices
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Chapter 1GeneralConduits have been
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Chapter 1—GeneralFigure 14.—Ant
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Chapter 1—GeneralFigure 17.—Fai
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Chapter 1—Generalmeans the condui
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Chapter 1—Generalfacilitate futur
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Chapter 2Conduit MaterialsVarious m
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Chapter 2—Conduit MaterialsFigure
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Chapter 2—Conduit Materials• Co
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Chapter 2—Conduit MaterialsSteel
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Chapter 2—Conduit Materials2.3.2
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Chapter 3Hydraulic Design of Condui
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Chapter 3—Hydraulic Design of Con
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Chapter 4Structural Design of Condu
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Chapter 4—Structural Design of Co
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Chapter 5Foundation and Embankment
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Chapter 5—Foundation and Embankme
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Chapter 6Filter ZonesZones of desig
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Chapter 6—Filter Zonesseepage or
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Chapter 6—Filter ZonesFigure 87.
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Chapter 6—Filter Zones3. Upstream
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Chapter 6—Filter Zonesbedrock sur
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Chapter 6—Filter Zoneszones, and
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Chapter 6—Filter Zonesfiltering t
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Chapter 6—Filter Zonessoil. This
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Chapter 6—Filter Zones6.8 Specifi
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Chapter 6—Filter ZonesVarious deg
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Chapter 6—Filter Zones• For pre
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Chapter 7Potential Failure Modes As
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Chapter 7—Potential Failure Modes
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Chapter 8Potential Defects Associat
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Chapter 8—Potential Defects Assoc
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Chapter 9Inspection and Assessment
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Chapter 9—Inspection and Assessme
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Chapter 10Evaluation by Geophysical
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Chapter 10—Evaluation by Geophysi
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Chapter 11Appropriate Emergency Act
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Chapter 11—Appropriate Emergency
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Table 11.2.—Potential problems an
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Chapter 12Renovation of ConduitsThe
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Chapter 12—Renovation of Conduits
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Page 369 and 370: Chapter 13Replacement of ConduitsGe
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Page 383 and 384: Chapter 14Repair and Abandonment of
Page 385 and 386: Chapter 14—Repair and Abandonment
Page 401 and 402: ReferencesThe following references
Page 403 and 404: ReferencesBureau of Reclamation, De
Page 405 and 406: ReferencesCooper, Chuck, E. Wesley
Page 407 and 408: ReferencesJacobsen, S., “Buckling
Page 409 and 410: ReferencesNatural Resources Conserv
Page 411 and 412: ReferencesU.S. Army Corps of Engine
Page 413 and 414: ReferencesWooten, R. Lee, Peter S.
Page 415 and 416: Additional ReadingThe following ref
Page 417 and 418: Additional ReadingCarter, Brent H.,
Page 419: Additional ReadingJohnson, Brian, J
Page 423 and 424: Additional ReadingU.S. Army Corps o
Page 425 and 426: Additional ReadingVan Aller, Hal, R
Page 427 and 428: GlossaryThe terms defined in this g
Page 429 and 430: Glossary• Backward erosion piping
Page 431 and 432: GlossaryCathodic protection system
Page 433 and 434: GlossaryConsequences (FEMA, 2004):
Page 435 and 436: Glossarymalfunction or abnormality
Page 437 and 438: GlossaryDrawdown (FEMA, 2004): The
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Page 441 and 442: GlossaryGate chamber: An outlet wor
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Page 445 and 446: GlossaryLeakage (FEMA, 2004): Uncon
Page 447 and 448: GlossaryOpen cut: An excavation thr
Page 449 and 450: GlossaryPolyvinyl chloride (PVC): A
Page 451 and 452: GlossaryResistivity: A measure of t
Page 453 and 454: GlossarySettlement (FEMA, 2004): Th
Page 455 and 456: GlossaryStandard Proctor compaction
Page 457 and 458: GlossaryThermoset (ASTM F 412, 2001
Page 459 and 460: GlossaryReferencesAmerican Concrete
Page 461 and 462: IndexAAbandonment of conduits, 225,
Page 463 and 464: IndexCompaction of backfill, 6, 10,
Page 465 and 466: IndexDDamembankment, 113-130, 333-3
Page 467 and 468: IndexExisting conduit, 23, 31, 45-5
Page 469 and 470: IndexHydraulic fracture, 4-11, 17,
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IndexMechanical caliper, 246Metal c
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IndexPressure flow, see Conduit, pr
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IndexSliplining, 39, 45-47, 51, 164
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IndexUUltrasonic pulse-echo, 245, 2
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Appendix AHistory of Antiseep Colla
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Appendix A—History of Antiseep Co
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Appendix BCase HistoriesIndexDam Lo
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Appendix B—Case HistoriesDam Loca
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Appendix B—Case HistoriesProject
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Appendix B—Case HistoriesFigure B
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Appendix B—Case Historiesproject,
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Appendix B—Case Historieswatersto
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Appendix B—Case HistoriesLessons
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Appendix B—Case HistoriesThe cond
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Appendix B—Case Historiesroadway.
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Appendix B—Case Historiesentire c
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Appendix B—Case Historieshauled i
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Appendix B—Case Historiescoal tar
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Appendix B—Case Historieshistory
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Appendix B—Case Historiesarea, a
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Appendix B—Case Historiespipe. Du
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Appendix B—Case Historiesinvert o
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Appendix B—Case Historiesdownstre
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Appendix B—Case HistoriesThe caus
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Appendix B—Case Historiesof sever
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Appendix B—Case HistoriesThe down
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Appendix B—Case Historieshose and
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Appendix B—Case HistoriesADownstr
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Technical Manual: Conduits through Embankment Dams (FEMA 484)

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