Technical Manual: Conduits through Embankment Dams (FEMA 484)

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Conduits through Embankment Damspipe with an SDR of 26 or 32.5, although heavier pipes may be available for customapplications. The designer will need to evaluate the suitability of this type of productfor their project. For an example of a conduit renovation at a low hazardembankment dam using Snap-Tite, see the Rolling Green Community Lake Damcase history in appendix B.12.1.2 Steel pipeIn most applications, steel pipe slipliners are used within accessible conduits.Section 12.1.2 mainly pertains to conduits accessible by man-entry. However, somediscussion of steel pipe slipliners used within inaccessible conduits is provided.Steel pipe slipliners (figure 180) are generally applicable, if the existing conduit isstraight and does not have bends or significant invert slope changes. Steel pipeslipliners can be installed in conduits with bends or slope changes, if adequateclearance will allow for the insertion of the fabricated pipe sections.12.1.2.1 Design considerationsThe designer must evaluate a number of design parameters when considering steelpipe for use in sliplining. A few of the most significant design parameters include:• Seepage paths• Service life• Initial inspection of the existing conduit• Selection of the diameter and thickness• Thermal expansion/contraction• Stress cracking• Fabrication• Joints• Flotation• Entrance and terminal structures316
Chapter 12—Renovation of ConduitsFigure 180.—The Lake Linganore Dam outlet works consists of a 48-indiameter RCP conduit with a sluice gate located at the downstream end,which places the conduit under full reservoir head at all times. Concernabout the integrity of the RCP joints led to installation of a steel sliplinerwhen the inoperable sluice gate was replaced.These parameters are further discussed in the following paragraphs. On a case-bycasebasis, the designer may need to consider additional parameters, depending onthe performance criteria and design requirements of the specific application.Seepage paths.—For a discussion of seepage paths refer to section 12.1.1.Service life.—The service life of a steel pipe slipliner is considered to be indefinite,if the coatings on the interior surface are properly maintained. However, impropermaintenance of the interior surface could result in deterioration of a steel pipeslipliner in less than 25 years. Protective coatings are rarely completely effective,because even on application, they contain discontinuities, such as pinholes, flaws,scratches, and connected porosity. The use of a cathodic protection system (CPS)may be applicable in certain situations. A CPS has been used in conjunction withprotective coatings, have been effective in controlling corrosion. A CPS consists ofanodes that pass a direct current to the steel pipe liner through the electrolyteenvironment. With a CPS, the whole steel pipe slipliner becomes a cathode anddoes not corrode. CPSs can be one of two types, galvanic anode or impressedcurrent anode. Hybrid CPSs can contain both types of anodes to provide protectivecurrent to all surfaces of the protected steel pipe slipliner (USACE, 1999, p. 1-1).317
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Technical Manual:Conduits throughEm
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PrefaceTens of thousands of conduit
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Prefacecondition. The hazard classi
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PrefaceLakeLine MagazineMaryland Da
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Conduits through Embankment Dams11.
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Contents23 Precast concrete pipe be
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Contents81 On first filling, a high
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Contents117 This conduit was severe
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Contents158 An example of a histori
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ContentsFigures in the AppendicesNo
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ContentsB-33 Aerial view of Como Da
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ContentsB-81 Cross section of Wiste
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ContentsMASW, multichannel analysis
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Symbolsc, cohesionE', modulus of so
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ContentsD 3350D 4221D 4253D 4254D 4
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IntroductionConduits convey water f
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IntroductionFigure 3.—A 15-inch d
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Introductionunstable. When seepage
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IntroductionAn embankment dam with
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A vortex may form at the location w
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IntroductionWater from the reservoi
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IntroductionFlowing water from the
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IntroductionThe process of dislodgi
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Introductionbe observable at the su
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IntroductionFigure 11.—Example of
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Introductionwhere conduits were ass
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Introduction• Conduits within lev
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IntroductionFigure 12.—An example
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Introductionmore recent practiced h
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IntroductionThe “best practices
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Chapter 1GeneralConduits have been
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Chapter 1—GeneralFigure 14.—Ant
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Chapter 1—GeneralFigure 17.—Fai
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Chapter 1—Generalmeans the condui
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Chapter 1—Generalfacilitate futur
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Chapter 2Conduit MaterialsVarious m
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Chapter 2—Conduit MaterialsFigure
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Chapter 2—Conduit Materials• Co
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Chapter 2—Conduit MaterialsSteel
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Chapter 2—Conduit Materials2.3.2
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Chapter 3Hydraulic Design of Condui
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Chapter 3—Hydraulic Design of Con
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Chapter 4Structural Design of Condu
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Chapter 4—Structural Design of Co
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Chapter 5Foundation and Embankment
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Chapter 5—Foundation and Embankme
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Chapter 6Filter ZonesZones of desig
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Chapter 6—Filter Zonesseepage or
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Chapter 6—Filter ZonesFigure 87.
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Chapter 6—Filter Zones3. Upstream
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Chapter 6—Filter Zonesbedrock sur
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Chapter 6—Filter Zoneszones, and
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Chapter 6—Filter Zonesfiltering t
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Chapter 6—Filter Zonessoil. This
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Chapter 6—Filter Zones6.8 Specifi
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Chapter 6—Filter ZonesVarious deg
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Chapter 6—Filter Zones• For pre
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Chapter 7Potential Failure Modes As
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Chapter 7—Potential Failure Modes
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Chapter 8Potential Defects Associat
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Chapter 8—Potential Defects Assoc
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Chapter 9Inspection and Assessment
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Chapter 9—Inspection and Assessme
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Chapter 10Evaluation by Geophysical
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Chapter 10—Evaluation by Geophysi
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Chapter 11Appropriate Emergency Act
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Chapter 11—Appropriate Emergency
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Page 369 and 370: Chapter 13Replacement of ConduitsGe
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Page 383 and 384: Chapter 14Repair and Abandonment of
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Page 401 and 402: ReferencesThe following references
Page 403 and 404: ReferencesBureau of Reclamation, De
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ReferencesCooper, Chuck, E. Wesley
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ReferencesJacobsen, S., “Buckling
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ReferencesNatural Resources Conserv
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ReferencesU.S. Army Corps of Engine
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ReferencesWooten, R. Lee, Peter S.
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Additional ReadingThe following ref
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Additional ReadingCarter, Brent H.,
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Additional ReadingJohnson, Brian, J
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Additional ReadingNatural Resources
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Additional ReadingU.S. Army Corps o
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Additional ReadingVan Aller, Hal, R
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GlossaryThe terms defined in this g
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Glossary• Backward erosion piping
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GlossaryCathodic protection system
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GlossaryConsequences (FEMA, 2004):
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Glossarymalfunction or abnormality
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GlossaryDrawdown (FEMA, 2004): The
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GlossaryFailure mode (FEMA, 2004):
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GlossaryGate chamber: An outlet wor
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GlossaryImpervious: Not permeable;
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GlossaryLeakage (FEMA, 2004): Uncon
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GlossaryOpen cut: An excavation thr
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GlossaryPolyvinyl chloride (PVC): A
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GlossaryResistivity: A measure of t
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GlossarySettlement (FEMA, 2004): Th
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GlossaryStandard Proctor compaction
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GlossaryThermoset (ASTM F 412, 2001
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GlossaryReferencesAmerican Concrete
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IndexAAbandonment of conduits, 225,
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IndexCompaction of backfill, 6, 10,
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IndexDDamembankment, 113-130, 333-3
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IndexExisting conduit, 23, 31, 45-5
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IndexHydraulic fracture, 4-11, 17,
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IndexMechanical caliper, 246Metal c
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IndexPressure flow, see Conduit, pr
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IndexSliplining, 39, 45-47, 51, 164
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IndexUUltrasonic pulse-echo, 245, 2
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Appendix AHistory of Antiseep Colla
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Appendix A—History of Antiseep Co
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Appendix BCase HistoriesIndexDam Lo
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Appendix B—Case HistoriesDam Loca
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Appendix B—Case HistoriesProject
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Appendix B—Case HistoriesFigure B
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Appendix B—Case Historiesproject,
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Appendix B—Case Historieswatersto
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Appendix B—Case HistoriesLessons
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Appendix B—Case HistoriesThe cond
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Appendix B—Case Historiesroadway.
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Appendix B—Case Historiesentire c
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Appendix B—Case Historieshauled i
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Appendix B—Case Historiescoal tar
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Appendix B—Case Historiespipe. Du
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Appendix B—Case Historiesinvert o
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Appendix B—Case Historiesof sever
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Appendix B—Case HistoriesThe down
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Appendix B—Case Historieshose and
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Appendix B—Case HistoriesADownstr
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Technical Manual: Conduits through Embankment Dams (FEMA 484)

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