Technical Manual: Conduits through Embankment Dams (FEMA 484)

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Conduits through Embankment DamsHandling and storage.—During loading, transportation, unloading, storage, andlaying, every precaution should be taken to prevent damage to the steel pipe sliplinersections, linings, coatings, and flanges. Steel pipe slipliner sections should be storedon timber blocking and adequately protected from weather and damage. Anydamage to lining or coating will need to be properly repaired. If proper repaircannot be made, the damaged section will need to be replaced.Installation.—The steel pipe slipliner should be supported and braced to preventdistortion during installation and grouting. Spacers are required to maintainseparation between the existing conduit and the steel slipliner during grouting.Figure 181 shows spacers being installed on a steel pipe slipliner. Guidance oninstallation includes the following. Additional guidance on steel pipe installation isavailable in AWWA M11 (2004c).• Preparation of existing surfaces.—The existing conduit surfaces, against which groutwill be placed, should be free of latence, dirt, dust, grease, oil, loose or defectiveconcrete, curing compound, coatings, and other foreign materials. Anysediments or debris should be removed from the invert of the existing conduit.Any bolts or other projections should be cut off flush and/or ground smoothwith the interior surface of the existing conduit.If the existing conduit is full of water, considerations should be made forunwatering. A thorough inspection of the existing conduit is required prior toinstalling the steel pipe slipliner to ensure no obstructions remain that mayhinder slipliner insertion.• Leak testing joints .—Steel pipe slipliner joints should be welded and tested inaccordance with AWWA C206 (2005), except testing of field welds should beby the ultrasonic method. Ultrasonic examination of field welds shouldconform to the requirements of American Welding Society (AWS) D1.1 (2004).Any offsets that could reduce the hydraulic capacity of the steel slipliner shouldbe ground flush and flared into the adjacent surfaces. In lieu of ultrasonicexamination, the field welded joints can be tested by the liquid penetrantmethod in accordance with ASTM E 165. The liquid penetrant methodprovides an indication of the presence, location, and to a limited extent, thenature and magnitude of any discontinuities. Welds can also be tested usingradiographing and magnetic-particle methods.• Access and insertion.—The steel pipe slipliner is typically installed by pulling,pushing, or a combination of both similar to an HDPE pipe as discussed insection 12.1.1.Repairs to the steel pipe slipliner prior to or during the insertion process.—Damage to the steel pipe slipliner may occur from improper shipping and handling320
Chapter 12—Renovation of ConduitsFigure 181.—Spacers being installed on a steel pipe slipliner.or from poor insertion technique. Damage can be in the form of kinks, punctures,breaks, or abrasion. Steel pipe slipliners that undergo this type of damage can beeasily repaired, if the pipe has not been inserted into the existing conduit. The repairwould typically involve cutting out the damaged area of steel pipe slipliner andwelding a new piece of steel plate in place. An installed slipliner with a damaged areacan only be repaired in place if it is of sufficient diameter to allow man-entry. If thesteel pipe slipliner diameter is too small for man-entry, the section of pipe will needto be removed to perform the proper repair.Grouting.—Careful grouting of the annular space between the existing conduit andthe steel pipe slipliner is essential. This can be a complex process, requiring theexperience of a qualified contractor. A lightweight, low density grout containing noaggregate will ensure the best result. The following guidance discusses the groutplan, mix design, sequencing, and injection:• Grouting plan.—A grouting plan detailing the contractor’s grout mix equipment,setup, procedures, sequencing, plan for handling waste, method forcommunication, and method for sealing and bulkheading the upstream anddownstream should be submitted for review and approval prior to initiation ofgrouting operations. The contractor should also provide the method to be usedto remove trapped air from any high points in the existing conduit during the321
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Technical Manual:Conduits throughEm
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PrefaceTens of thousands of conduit
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Prefacecondition. The hazard classi
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PrefaceLakeLine MagazineMaryland Da
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Conduits through Embankment Dams11.
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Contents23 Precast concrete pipe be
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Contents81 On first filling, a high
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Contents117 This conduit was severe
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Contents158 An example of a histori
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ContentsFigures in the AppendicesNo
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ContentsB-33 Aerial view of Como Da
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ContentsB-81 Cross section of Wiste
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ContentsMASW, multichannel analysis
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Symbolsc, cohesionE', modulus of so
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ContentsD 3350D 4221D 4253D 4254D 4
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IntroductionConduits convey water f
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IntroductionFigure 3.—A 15-inch d
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Introductionunstable. When seepage
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IntroductionAn embankment dam with
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A vortex may form at the location w
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IntroductionWater from the reservoi
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IntroductionFlowing water from the
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IntroductionThe process of dislodgi
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Introductionbe observable at the su
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IntroductionFigure 11.—Example of
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Introductionwhere conduits were ass
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Introduction• Conduits within lev
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IntroductionFigure 12.—An example
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Introductionmore recent practiced h
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IntroductionThe “best practices
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Chapter 1GeneralConduits have been
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Chapter 1—GeneralFigure 14.—Ant
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Chapter 1—GeneralFigure 17.—Fai
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Chapter 1—Generalmeans the condui
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Chapter 1—Generalfacilitate futur
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Chapter 2Conduit MaterialsVarious m
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Chapter 2—Conduit MaterialsFigure
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Chapter 2—Conduit Materials• Co
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Chapter 2—Conduit MaterialsSteel
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Chapter 2—Conduit Materials2.3.2
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Chapter 3Hydraulic Design of Condui
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Chapter 3—Hydraulic Design of Con
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Chapter 4Structural Design of Condu
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Chapter 4—Structural Design of Co
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Chapter 5Foundation and Embankment
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Chapter 5—Foundation and Embankme
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Chapter 6Filter ZonesZones of desig
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Chapter 6—Filter Zonesseepage or
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Chapter 6—Filter ZonesFigure 87.
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Chapter 6—Filter Zones3. Upstream
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Chapter 6—Filter Zonesbedrock sur
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Chapter 6—Filter Zoneszones, and
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Chapter 6—Filter Zonesfiltering t
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Chapter 6—Filter Zonessoil. This
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Chapter 6—Filter Zones6.8 Specifi
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Chapter 6—Filter ZonesVarious deg
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Chapter 6—Filter Zones• For pre
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Chapter 7Potential Failure Modes As
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Chapter 7—Potential Failure Modes
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Chapter 8Potential Defects Associat
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Chapter 8—Potential Defects Assoc
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Chapter 9Inspection and Assessment
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Chapter 9—Inspection and Assessme
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Chapter 10Evaluation by Geophysical
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Chapter 10—Evaluation by Geophysi
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Chapter 11Appropriate Emergency Act
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Chapter 11—Appropriate Emergency
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Page 327 and 328: Chapter 12Renovation of ConduitsThe
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Page 383 and 384: Chapter 14Repair and Abandonment of
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Page 401 and 402: ReferencesThe following references
Page 403 and 404: ReferencesBureau of Reclamation, De
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ReferencesNatural Resources Conserv
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ReferencesU.S. Army Corps of Engine
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ReferencesWooten, R. Lee, Peter S.
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Additional ReadingThe following ref
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Additional ReadingCarter, Brent H.,
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Additional ReadingJohnson, Brian, J
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Additional ReadingNatural Resources
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Additional ReadingU.S. Army Corps o
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Additional ReadingVan Aller, Hal, R
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GlossaryThe terms defined in this g
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Glossary• Backward erosion piping
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GlossaryCathodic protection system
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GlossaryConsequences (FEMA, 2004):
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Glossarymalfunction or abnormality
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GlossaryDrawdown (FEMA, 2004): The
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GlossaryFailure mode (FEMA, 2004):
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GlossaryGate chamber: An outlet wor
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GlossaryImpervious: Not permeable;
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GlossaryLeakage (FEMA, 2004): Uncon
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GlossaryOpen cut: An excavation thr
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GlossaryPolyvinyl chloride (PVC): A
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GlossaryResistivity: A measure of t
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GlossarySettlement (FEMA, 2004): Th
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GlossaryStandard Proctor compaction
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GlossaryThermoset (ASTM F 412, 2001
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GlossaryReferencesAmerican Concrete
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IndexAAbandonment of conduits, 225,
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IndexCompaction of backfill, 6, 10,
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IndexDDamembankment, 113-130, 333-3
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IndexExisting conduit, 23, 31, 45-5
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IndexHydraulic fracture, 4-11, 17,
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IndexMechanical caliper, 246Metal c
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IndexPressure flow, see Conduit, pr
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IndexSliplining, 39, 45-47, 51, 164
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IndexUUltrasonic pulse-echo, 245, 2
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Appendix AHistory of Antiseep Colla
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Appendix A—History of Antiseep Co
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Appendix BCase HistoriesIndexDam Lo
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Appendix B—Case HistoriesDam Loca
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Appendix B—Case HistoriesProject
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Appendix B—Case HistoriesFigure B
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Appendix B—Case Historiesproject,
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Appendix B—Case Historieswatersto
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Appendix B—Case HistoriesLessons
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Appendix B—Case HistoriesThe cond
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Appendix B—Case Historiesroadway.
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Appendix B—Case Historiesentire c
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Appendix B—Case Historieshauled i
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Appendix B—Case Historiescoal tar
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Appendix B—Case Historieshistory
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Appendix B—Case Historiesarea, a
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Appendix B—Case Historiespipe. Du
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Appendix B—Case Historiesinvert o
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Appendix B—Case Historiesof sever
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Appendix B—Case HistoriesThe down
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Appendix B—Case Historieshose and
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Appendix B—Case HistoriesADownstr
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Technical Manual: Conduits through Embankment Dams (FEMA 484)

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