Technical Manual: Conduits through Embankment Dams (FEMA 484)

GlossaryConsequences (FEMA, 2004): Potential loss of life or property damagedownstream of a dam caused by floodwater released at the embankment dam or bywater released by partial or complete failure of the dam.Consolidation (ASCE, 2000): The process of densifying a material both naturallyand mechanically.Construction joint: See Joint, construction.Contamination: The introduction of undesirable or unsuitable materials.Contraction (ACI, 2000): Decrease in either length of volume.Contraction joint: See Joint, contraction.Control: The location within a conduit where regulation of flow occurs. Control features: Typically gates or valves located in the entrance structure,conduit, gate chamber, or a terminal structure.Control joint: See Joint, control.Control testing: Laboratory tests performed on embankment material duringconstruction to check if the specified material properties are being achieved.Controlled breach (or wet breach): Excavation of a channel through anembankment dam to lower the reservoir to a safe level in the event of an emergencyat the dam.Controlled compaction: See Compaction, controlled.Controlled low-strength material (CLSM): A self-compacting, cementitiousmaterial typically used as a replacement for compacted backfill around a conduit.Core (FEMA, 2004): A zone of low permeability material in an embankment dam. The core is sometimes referred to as central core, inclined core, puddle clay core,rolled clay core, or impervious zone.Corrosion (ACI, 2000): Disintegration or deterioration of a material by electrolysisor chemical attack.Corrugated metal pipe (CMP): See Pipe, corrugated metal. Crack: A narrow discontinuity.395