Technical Manual: Conduits through Embankment Dams (FEMA 484)

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Conduits through Embankment DamsU.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Cathodic Protection Systems for Civil Works Structures,EM 1110-2-2704, 1999.U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Design and Construction of Levees, EM 1110-2-1913,2000.U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Geotechnical Investigations, EM 1110-1-1804, 2001a.U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Standard Practice Concrete for Civil Works Structures,EM 1110-2-2000, 1994 (original), 2001b (change 2).U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Survey of State-of-the-Art Drainage Pipe EvaluationTechniques, 2001c.U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Technologies and Techniques for Drainage Pipe Maintenanceand Repair: A Practical Guide to Technology Selection, 2001d.U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Levee Guidance Manual-Directional Drilling, Kansas CityDistrict, 2003a.U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Structural Design and Evaluation of Outlet Works,EM 1110-2-2400, 2003b.U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, General Design and Construction Considerations for Earthand Rock-Fill Dams, EM 1110-2-2300, 2004a.U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Safety of Dams—Policy and Procedures, EngineeringRegulation EC 1110-2-1156, Draft, April 30, 2004b.Vaughan, Peter R. and Hermusia Soares, “Design of Filters for Clay Cores ofDams,” ASCE Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, Vol. 108, No. GT1, 1982,pp. 17-31.Von Thun, Lawrence J., Understanding Piping and Seepage Failures—The No. 1 DamSafety Problem in the West, ASDSO 1996 Western Regional Conference, 1996.Wan, C.F. and R. Fell, “Rate of Erosion of Soils in Embankment Dams,” ASCEJournal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, Vol. 130, No. 4, April 2004,pp. 373-380.Ward, S., “Resistivity and Induced Polarization Methods,” Geotechnical andEnvironmental Geophysics, S. Ward, ed. pp147-189, Society of ExplorationGeophysicists, Tulsa, OK, 1990.374
ReferencesWooten, R. Lee, Peter S. Fortin, and Michael P. Walker, Evaluation and Design ofRemedial Measures for the City of Norfolk’s Western Reservoirs Dams, 1997 ASDSOConference, 1997.Worster, Kenneth R., Thomas A. Brown, Larry Goertz, and Donald Shanklin,Construction of Supplemental Principal Spillway at Clear Fork of the Trinity Site 23, 2002ASDSO Conference, 2002.Zomok, Raymond P., Waterstop 101-Guidance for Proper Waterstop Installation, ASDSO2004 Conference, 2004.375
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Technical Manual:Conduits throughEm
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PrefaceTens of thousands of conduit
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Prefacecondition. The hazard classi
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PrefaceLakeLine MagazineMaryland Da
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Conduits through Embankment Dams11.
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Contents23 Precast concrete pipe be
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Contents81 On first filling, a high
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Contents117 This conduit was severe
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Contents158 An example of a histori
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ContentsFigures in the AppendicesNo
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ContentsB-33 Aerial view of Como Da
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ContentsB-81 Cross section of Wiste
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ContentsMASW, multichannel analysis
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Symbolsc, cohesionE', modulus of so
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ContentsD 3350D 4221D 4253D 4254D 4
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IntroductionConduits convey water f
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IntroductionFigure 3.—A 15-inch d
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Introductionunstable. When seepage
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IntroductionAn embankment dam with
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A vortex may form at the location w
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IntroductionWater from the reservoi
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IntroductionFlowing water from the
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IntroductionThe process of dislodgi
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Introductionbe observable at the su
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IntroductionFigure 11.—Example of
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Introductionwhere conduits were ass
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Introduction• Conduits within lev
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IntroductionFigure 12.—An example
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Introductionmore recent practiced h
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IntroductionThe “best practices
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Chapter 1GeneralConduits have been
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Chapter 1—GeneralFigure 14.—Ant
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Chapter 1—GeneralFigure 17.—Fai
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Chapter 1—Generalmeans the condui
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Chapter 1—Generalfacilitate futur
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Chapter 2Conduit MaterialsVarious m
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Chapter 2—Conduit MaterialsFigure
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Chapter 2—Conduit Materials• Co
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Chapter 2—Conduit MaterialsSteel
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Chapter 2—Conduit Materials2.3.2
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Chapter 3Hydraulic Design of Condui
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Chapter 3—Hydraulic Design of Con
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Chapter 4Structural Design of Condu
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Chapter 4—Structural Design of Co
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Chapter 5Foundation and Embankment
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Chapter 5—Foundation and Embankme
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Chapter 6Filter ZonesZones of desig
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Chapter 6—Filter Zonesseepage or
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Chapter 6—Filter ZonesFigure 87.
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Chapter 6—Filter Zones3. Upstream
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Chapter 6—Filter Zonesbedrock sur
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Chapter 6—Filter Zoneszones, and
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Chapter 6—Filter Zonesfiltering t
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Chapter 6—Filter Zonessoil. This
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Chapter 6—Filter Zones6.8 Specifi
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Chapter 6—Filter ZonesVarious deg
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Chapter 6—Filter Zones• For pre
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Chapter 7Potential Failure Modes As
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Chapter 7—Potential Failure Modes
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Chapter 8Potential Defects Associat
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Chapter 8—Potential Defects Assoc
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Chapter 9Inspection and Assessment
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Chapter 9—Inspection and Assessme
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Chapter 10Evaluation by Geophysical
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Chapter 10—Evaluation by Geophysi
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Chapter 11Appropriate Emergency Act
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Chapter 11—Appropriate Emergency
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Table 11.2.—Potential problems an
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Chapter 12Renovation of ConduitsThe
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Chapter 12—Renovation of Conduits
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Page 361 and 362: Chapter 12—Renovation of Conduits
Page 369 and 370: Chapter 13Replacement of ConduitsGe
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Page 383 and 384: Chapter 14Repair and Abandonment of
Page 385 and 386: Chapter 14—Repair and Abandonment
Page 401 and 402: ReferencesThe following references
Page 403 and 404: ReferencesBureau of Reclamation, De
Page 405 and 406: ReferencesCooper, Chuck, E. Wesley
Page 407 and 408: ReferencesJacobsen, S., “Buckling
Page 409 and 410: ReferencesNatural Resources Conserv
Page 411: ReferencesU.S. Army Corps of Engine
Page 415 and 416: Additional ReadingThe following ref
Page 417 and 418: Additional ReadingCarter, Brent H.,
Page 419 and 420: Additional ReadingJohnson, Brian, J
Page 421 and 422: Additional ReadingNatural Resources
Page 423 and 424: Additional ReadingU.S. Army Corps o
Page 425 and 426: Additional ReadingVan Aller, Hal, R
Page 427 and 428: GlossaryThe terms defined in this g
Page 429 and 430: Glossary• Backward erosion piping
Page 431 and 432: GlossaryCathodic protection system
Page 433 and 434: GlossaryConsequences (FEMA, 2004):
Page 435 and 436: Glossarymalfunction or abnormality
Page 437 and 438: GlossaryDrawdown (FEMA, 2004): The
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Page 441 and 442: GlossaryGate chamber: An outlet wor
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Page 445 and 446: GlossaryLeakage (FEMA, 2004): Uncon
Page 447 and 448: GlossaryOpen cut: An excavation thr
Page 449 and 450: GlossaryPolyvinyl chloride (PVC): A
Page 451 and 452: GlossaryResistivity: A measure of t
Page 453 and 454: GlossarySettlement (FEMA, 2004): Th
Page 455 and 456: GlossaryStandard Proctor compaction
Page 457 and 458: GlossaryThermoset (ASTM F 412, 2001
Page 459 and 460: GlossaryReferencesAmerican Concrete
Page 461 and 462: IndexAAbandonment of conduits, 225,
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IndexCompaction of backfill, 6, 10,
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IndexDDamembankment, 113-130, 333-3
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IndexExisting conduit, 23, 31, 45-5
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IndexHydraulic fracture, 4-11, 17,
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IndexMechanical caliper, 246Metal c
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IndexPressure flow, see Conduit, pr
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IndexSliplining, 39, 45-47, 51, 164
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IndexUUltrasonic pulse-echo, 245, 2
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Appendix AHistory of Antiseep Colla
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Appendix A—History of Antiseep Co
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Appendix BCase HistoriesIndexDam Lo
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Appendix B—Case HistoriesDam Loca
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Appendix B—Case HistoriesProject
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Appendix B—Case HistoriesFigure B
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Appendix B—Case Historiesproject,
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Appendix B—Case Historieswatersto
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Appendix B—Case HistoriesLessons
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Appendix B—Case HistoriesThe cond
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Appendix B—Case Historiesroadway.
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Appendix B—Case Historiesentire c
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Appendix B—Case Historieshauled i
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Appendix B—Case Historiescoal tar
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Appendix B—Case Historieshistory
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Appendix B—Case Historiesarea, a
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Appendix B—Case Historiespipe. Du
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Appendix B—Case Historiesinvert o
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Appendix B—Case Historiesdownstre
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Appendix B—Case HistoriesThe caus
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Appendix B—Case Historiesof sever
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Appendix B—Case HistoriesThe down
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Appendix B—Case Historieshose and
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Appendix B—Case HistoriesADownstr
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