Technical Manual: Conduits through Embankment Dams (FEMA 484)

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Conduits through Embankment Dams202equipment requirements. An inspection checklist is typically prepared as partof an inspection plan. The checklist is used to identify specific inspectionobjectives and is also useful in developing the final inspection report.Prior to any inspection, inspection personnel should review all pertinent andavailable design and as-built drawings, design criteria, geology, operationalhistory, previous inspection and maintenance reports, and safety information.Typical documents that should be reviewed prior to an inspection are:1. Technical record of design and construction2. Design summary3. Laboratory reports4. Stress model reports5. Geology reports6. Site seismicity reports7. Plans and specifications8. As-built drawings9. Final construction report10. Construction progress reports11. Travel reports12. Correspondence files13. Operation and maintenance records14. Examination reports15. Designers’ operating criteria16. Standing operating procedures17. Reservoir operation records18. Data books
Chapter 9—Inspection and Assessment of Conduit-Related ProblemsAfter reviewing available documentation, a list of important and significantconcerns should be prepared for use during the inspection.A log should be established at the embankment dam that records the date, typeof inspection performed, name of the inspectors, and the results. Allinspections should be documented in the form of an inspection report withphotographs, reservoir water levels, discharges from the conduit, and relevantinstrumentation data, such as from nearby piezometers, and forwarded to theengineering staff or personnel responsible for technical review and evaluation.An ongoing visual inspection checklist should be developed to provideguidance and consistency in looking for signs of distress. If information isfound that suggests the embankment dam, foundation, or conduit was notdesigned to current standards, specific items should be added to the inspectionchecklist to address specific deficiencies. All inspection reports should bemaintained in a secure location for future reference. Good recordkeeping ofinspection reports, technical reports, etc. will ensure that development of anyadverse trends are identified and proper actions are taken to correct anyproblems.For further guidance on inspection programs and checklists for inspection, seeReclamation’s Review of Operation and Maintenance Program Field ExaminationGuidelines (1991).A job hazard analysis should be prepared for embankment dam and conduitinspections, following approved safety guidelines. The basic elements of a JHAare outlined in Reclamation’s Operation and Maintenance Safety Standards (1989b,pp. 65-66). Note: Other agencies and organizations may utilize their own setof standards for safety guidance. All personnel involved in the inspectionshould receive and review a copy of the JHA. As a minimum, a JHA shouldinclude:1. Names of all participants and the agency, organization, or group they arerepresenting.2. Operations to be performed.3. Special considerations, such as monitoring of atmospheric conditions priorto entry into confined spaces. Detection of adverse atmosphericconditions at any location requires that the confined space be mechanicallyventilated or the examination be abandoned. Entry should only proceedupon confirmation of acceptable atmospheric conditions. All entrantsinto confined spaces are to have lockout/tagout and confined entry space203
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Technical Manual:Conduits throughEm
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PrefaceTens of thousands of conduit
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Prefacecondition. The hazard classi
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PrefaceLakeLine MagazineMaryland Da
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Conduits through Embankment Dams11.
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Contents23 Precast concrete pipe be
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Contents81 On first filling, a high
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Contents117 This conduit was severe
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Contents158 An example of a histori
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ContentsFigures in the AppendicesNo
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ContentsB-33 Aerial view of Como Da
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ContentsB-81 Cross section of Wiste
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ContentsMASW, multichannel analysis
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Symbolsc, cohesionE', modulus of so
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ContentsD 3350D 4221D 4253D 4254D 4
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IntroductionConduits convey water f
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IntroductionFigure 3.—A 15-inch d
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Introductionunstable. When seepage
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IntroductionAn embankment dam with
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A vortex may form at the location w
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IntroductionWater from the reservoi
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IntroductionFlowing water from the
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IntroductionThe process of dislodgi
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Introductionbe observable at the su
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IntroductionFigure 11.—Example of
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Introductionwhere conduits were ass
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Introduction• Conduits within lev
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IntroductionFigure 12.—An example
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Introductionmore recent practiced h
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IntroductionThe “best practices
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Chapter 1GeneralConduits have been
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Chapter 1—GeneralFigure 14.—Ant
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Chapter 1—GeneralFigure 17.—Fai
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Chapter 1—Generalmeans the condui
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Chapter 1—Generalfacilitate futur
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Chapter 2Conduit MaterialsVarious m
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Chapter 2—Conduit MaterialsFigure
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Chapter 2—Conduit Materials• Co
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Chapter 2—Conduit MaterialsSteel
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Chapter 2—Conduit Materials2.3.2
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Chapter 3Hydraulic Design of Condui
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Chapter 3—Hydraulic Design of Con
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Chapter 4Structural Design of Condu
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Chapter 4—Structural Design of Co
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Chapter 5Foundation and Embankment
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Chapter 5—Foundation and Embankme
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Chapter 6Filter ZonesZones of desig
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Chapter 6—Filter Zonesseepage or
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Chapter 6—Filter ZonesFigure 87.
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Chapter 6—Filter Zones3. Upstream
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Chapter 6—Filter Zonesbedrock sur
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Chapter 6—Filter Zoneszones, and
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Chapter 6—Filter Zonesfiltering t
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Chapter 6—Filter Zonessoil. This
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Page 195 and 196: Chapter 7Potential Failure Modes As
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Page 215 and 216: Chapter 8Potential Defects Associat
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Chapter 10—Evaluation by Geophysi
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Chapter 11Appropriate Emergency Act
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Chapter 11—Appropriate Emergency
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Table 11.2.—Potential problems an
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Chapter 12Renovation of ConduitsThe
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Chapter 12—Renovation of Conduits
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Chapter 13Replacement of ConduitsGe
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Chapter 13—Replacement of Conduit
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Chapter 14Repair and Abandonment of
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Chapter 14—Repair and Abandonment
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ReferencesThe following references
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ReferencesBureau of Reclamation, De
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ReferencesCooper, Chuck, E. Wesley
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ReferencesJacobsen, S., “Buckling
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ReferencesNatural Resources Conserv
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ReferencesU.S. Army Corps of Engine
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ReferencesWooten, R. Lee, Peter S.
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Additional ReadingThe following ref
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Additional ReadingCarter, Brent H.,
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Additional ReadingJohnson, Brian, J
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Additional ReadingNatural Resources
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Additional ReadingU.S. Army Corps o
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Additional ReadingVan Aller, Hal, R
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GlossaryThe terms defined in this g
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Glossary• Backward erosion piping
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GlossaryCathodic protection system
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GlossaryConsequences (FEMA, 2004):
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Glossarymalfunction or abnormality
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GlossaryDrawdown (FEMA, 2004): The
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GlossaryFailure mode (FEMA, 2004):
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GlossaryGate chamber: An outlet wor
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GlossaryImpervious: Not permeable;
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GlossaryLeakage (FEMA, 2004): Uncon
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GlossaryOpen cut: An excavation thr
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GlossaryPolyvinyl chloride (PVC): A
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GlossaryResistivity: A measure of t
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GlossarySettlement (FEMA, 2004): Th
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GlossaryStandard Proctor compaction
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GlossaryThermoset (ASTM F 412, 2001
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GlossaryReferencesAmerican Concrete
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IndexAAbandonment of conduits, 225,
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IndexCompaction of backfill, 6, 10,
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IndexDDamembankment, 113-130, 333-3
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IndexExisting conduit, 23, 31, 45-5
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IndexHydraulic fracture, 4-11, 17,
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IndexMechanical caliper, 246Metal c
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IndexPressure flow, see Conduit, pr
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IndexSliplining, 39, 45-47, 51, 164
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IndexUUltrasonic pulse-echo, 245, 2
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Appendix AHistory of Antiseep Colla
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Appendix A—History of Antiseep Co
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Appendix BCase HistoriesIndexDam Lo
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Appendix B—Case HistoriesDam Loca
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Appendix B—Case HistoriesProject
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Appendix B—Case HistoriesFigure B
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Appendix B—Case Historiesproject,
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Appendix B—Case Historieswatersto
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Appendix B—Case HistoriesLessons
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Appendix B—Case HistoriesThe cond
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Appendix B—Case Historiesroadway.
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Appendix B—Case Historiesentire c
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Appendix B—Case Historieshauled i
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Appendix B—Case Historiescoal tar
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Appendix B—Case Historieshistory
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Appendix B—Case Historiesarea, a
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Appendix B—Case Historiespipe. Du
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Appendix B—Case Historiesinvert o
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Appendix B—Case Historiesof sever
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Appendix B—Case HistoriesThe down
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Appendix B—Case Historieshose and
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Appendix B—Case HistoriesADownstr
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Technical Manual: Conduits through Embankment Dams (FEMA 484)

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