Technical Manual: Conduits through Embankment Dams (FEMA 484)

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Conduits through Embankment DamsBureau of Reclamation, Risk Analysis Methodology, Appendix E, Estimating Risk ofInternal Erosion and Material Transport Failure Modes for Embankment Dams, Version 2.4,2000.Bureau of Reclamation, Keechelus Dam—Entombment Design for Outlet Works Conduit andNew Conduit Segment, Technical Memorandum No. KEE-8130-FD-TM-01-3, October2001a.Bureau of Reclamation, Outlet Works Technical Training for DRNC, June 11-12, 2001b.Bureau of Reclamation, “Marine and Diving Operations,” Reclamation Safety andHealth Standards, 2002.Bureau of Reclamation, Effects of Concrete Deterioration on Safety of Dams, 2003.Cadden, Allen W., Donald A. Bruce, and Robert Traylor, The Value of Limited MobilityGrouts in Dam Remediation, ASDSO 2000 Annual Conference, 2000.Canadian Dam Safety Association, Dam Safety Guidelines, Edmonton, Alberta,Canada, 1997.Casagrande, A., and S.W. Covarrubias, Cracking of Earth and Rockfill Dam—TensionZones in Embankments Caused by Conduits and Cutoff Walls, 1970.Casagrande Volume (Rutledge, Philip and James P. Gould), “Movements ofArticulated Conduits under Earth Dams on Compressible Foundations,”Embankment Dam Engineering, John Wiley and Sons, 1973, pp. 209-237.Civil Engineering Research Foundation, Evaluation of SSET: The Sewer Scanner andEvaluation Technology, CERF Report No. 40551, 2001.Colorado Division of Water Resources, Model for Preparing a Dam Safety EmergencyPreparedness Plan, 1997.Colorado Division of Water Resources, Dam Safety Manual, Denver, Colorado,January 2002.Concrete Reinforcing Steel Institute, Evaluation of Reinforcing Bars in Old ReinforcedConcrete Structures, Engineering Data Report No. 48, 2001.Cooper, Chuck, Remotely Controlled Video Inspection of Conduits, Department of theInterior Dam Safety Coordination Conference 2000, Whitefish, Montana, 2000.366
ReferencesCooper, Chuck, E. Wesley Hall, and Walt Heyder, Case Histories Using High-DensityPolyethylene Pipe for Slip-Lining Existing Outlet Works and Spillways, 2001.Corwin, R., Self Potential Data Acquisition in Support of Dam Seepage Investigations, CEATIRept No. T992700-0205, Canadian Electricity Association Technologies, Inc.Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3B 2V6, 2002.CPChem Performance Pipe, Leak Testing, Technical Note 802, July 2002.CPChem Performance Pipe, The Performance Pipe Engineering Manual, 2003.Dulin, Richard V., and Juan Crofton, Underwater Inspection: The Engineer vs. The Diver,2004 ASDSO Annual Conference, 2004.Evans, James, ASDSO Survey of State Experiences Regarding Piping Associated with Conduitsthrough Embankment Dams, ICODS Seminar No. 6, February 17-19, 1999.Federal Emergency Management Agency, Dam Safety: An Owner’s Guidance Manual,Washington, DC, 1987.Federal Emergency Management Agency, Federal Guidelines for Dam Safety: HazardPotential Classification Systems for Dams, FEMA 333, 1998.Federal Emergency Management Agency, Federal Guidelines for Dam Safety—EmergencyAction Planning for Dam Owners, FEMA 64, Washington, DC, 2004.Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, Monitoring Performance of Dams, Chapter 14,2005.Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, “Emergency Actions Plans,” EngineeringGuidelines for the Evaluation of Hydropower Projects, Chapter VI, Washington, DC, 1998.Federal Highway Administration, Durability of Special Coatings for Corrugated Steel Pipe,FWHA-FLP-91-006, 1991.Foster, Mark, and Robin Fell, “Assessing Embankment Dam Filters That Do NotSatisfy Design Criteria,” ASCE Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, Vol. 127, No. 5, May2001, pp. 398-407.Foster, Mark, Robin Fell, and Matt Spannagle, “A Method for Assessing the RelativeLikelihood of Failure of Embankment Dams by Piping,” Canadian Geotechnical Journal,Vol. 37, No. 5, October 2000, pp. 1025-1061.367
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Technical Manual:Conduits throughEm
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PrefaceTens of thousands of conduit
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Prefacecondition. The hazard classi
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PrefaceLakeLine MagazineMaryland Da
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Conduits through Embankment Dams11.
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Contents23 Precast concrete pipe be
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Contents81 On first filling, a high
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Contents117 This conduit was severe
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Contents158 An example of a histori
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ContentsFigures in the AppendicesNo
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ContentsB-33 Aerial view of Como Da
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ContentsB-81 Cross section of Wiste
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ContentsMASW, multichannel analysis
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Symbolsc, cohesionE', modulus of so
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ContentsD 3350D 4221D 4253D 4254D 4
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IntroductionConduits convey water f
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IntroductionFigure 3.—A 15-inch d
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Introductionunstable. When seepage
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IntroductionAn embankment dam with
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A vortex may form at the location w
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IntroductionWater from the reservoi
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IntroductionFlowing water from the
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IntroductionThe process of dislodgi
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Introductionbe observable at the su
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IntroductionFigure 11.—Example of
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Introductionwhere conduits were ass
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Introduction• Conduits within lev
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IntroductionFigure 12.—An example
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Introductionmore recent practiced h
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IntroductionThe “best practices
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Chapter 1GeneralConduits have been
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Chapter 1—GeneralFigure 14.—Ant
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Chapter 1—GeneralFigure 17.—Fai
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Chapter 1—Generalmeans the condui
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Chapter 1—Generalfacilitate futur
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Chapter 2Conduit MaterialsVarious m
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Chapter 2—Conduit MaterialsFigure
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Chapter 2—Conduit Materials• Co
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Chapter 2—Conduit MaterialsSteel
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Chapter 2—Conduit Materials2.3.2
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Chapter 3Hydraulic Design of Condui
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Chapter 3—Hydraulic Design of Con
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Chapter 4Structural Design of Condu
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Chapter 4—Structural Design of Co
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Chapter 5Foundation and Embankment
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Chapter 5—Foundation and Embankme
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Chapter 6Filter ZonesZones of desig
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Chapter 6—Filter Zonesseepage or
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Chapter 6—Filter ZonesFigure 87.
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Chapter 6—Filter Zones3. Upstream
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Chapter 6—Filter Zonesbedrock sur
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Chapter 6—Filter Zoneszones, and
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Chapter 6—Filter Zonesfiltering t
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Chapter 6—Filter Zonessoil. This
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Chapter 6—Filter Zones6.8 Specifi
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Chapter 6—Filter ZonesVarious deg
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Chapter 6—Filter Zones• For pre
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Chapter 7Potential Failure Modes As
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Chapter 7—Potential Failure Modes
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Chapter 8Potential Defects Associat
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Chapter 8—Potential Defects Assoc
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Chapter 9Inspection and Assessment
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Chapter 9—Inspection and Assessme
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Chapter 10Evaluation by Geophysical
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Chapter 10—Evaluation by Geophysi
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Chapter 11Appropriate Emergency Act
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Chapter 11—Appropriate Emergency
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Table 11.2.—Potential problems an
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Chapter 12Renovation of ConduitsThe
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Chapter 12—Renovation of Conduits
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Page 353 and 354: Chapter 12—Renovation of Conduits
Page 369 and 370: Chapter 13Replacement of ConduitsGe
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Page 383 and 384: Chapter 14Repair and Abandonment of
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Page 401 and 402: ReferencesThe following references
Page 403: ReferencesBureau of Reclamation, De
Page 407 and 408: ReferencesJacobsen, S., “Buckling
Page 409 and 410: ReferencesNatural Resources Conserv
Page 411 and 412: ReferencesU.S. Army Corps of Engine
Page 413 and 414: ReferencesWooten, R. Lee, Peter S.
Page 415 and 416: Additional ReadingThe following ref
Page 417 and 418: Additional ReadingCarter, Brent H.,
Page 419 and 420: Additional ReadingJohnson, Brian, J
Page 421 and 422: Additional ReadingNatural Resources
Page 423 and 424: Additional ReadingU.S. Army Corps o
Page 425 and 426: Additional ReadingVan Aller, Hal, R
Page 427 and 428: GlossaryThe terms defined in this g
Page 429 and 430: Glossary• Backward erosion piping
Page 431 and 432: GlossaryCathodic protection system
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Page 435 and 436: Glossarymalfunction or abnormality
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Page 441 and 442: GlossaryGate chamber: An outlet wor
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Page 447 and 448: GlossaryOpen cut: An excavation thr
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GlossaryStandard Proctor compaction
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GlossaryThermoset (ASTM F 412, 2001
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GlossaryReferencesAmerican Concrete
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IndexAAbandonment of conduits, 225,
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IndexCompaction of backfill, 6, 10,
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IndexDDamembankment, 113-130, 333-3
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IndexExisting conduit, 23, 31, 45-5
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IndexHydraulic fracture, 4-11, 17,
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IndexMechanical caliper, 246Metal c
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IndexPressure flow, see Conduit, pr
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IndexSliplining, 39, 45-47, 51, 164
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IndexUUltrasonic pulse-echo, 245, 2
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Appendix AHistory of Antiseep Colla
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Appendix A—History of Antiseep Co
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Appendix BCase HistoriesIndexDam Lo
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Appendix B—Case HistoriesDam Loca
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Appendix B—Case HistoriesProject
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Appendix B—Case HistoriesFigure B
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Appendix B—Case Historiesproject,
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Appendix B—Case Historieswatersto
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Appendix B—Case HistoriesLessons
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Appendix B—Case HistoriesThe cond
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Appendix B—Case Historiesroadway.
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Appendix B—Case Historiesentire c
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Appendix B—Case Historieshauled i
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Appendix B—Case Historiescoal tar
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Appendix B—Case Historieshistory
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Appendix B—Case Historiesarea, a
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Appendix B—Case Historiespipe. Du
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Appendix B—Case Historiesinvert o
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Appendix B—Case Historiesof sever
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Appendix B—Case HistoriesThe down
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Appendix B—Case Historieshose and
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Appendix B—Case HistoriesADownstr
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Technical Manual: Conduits through Embankment Dams (FEMA 484)

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