Technical Manual: Conduits through Embankment Dams (FEMA 484)

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Conduits through Embankment Damssupport from the existing CMP.The design called for the HDPEpipe to withstand embankment fillloads of 38.2 feet, hydrostaticloads to 37 feet and a constructionsurcharge H-20 live load with aminimum of 5 feet cover. TheHDPE pipe was also designed towithstand the loads associatedwith grouting. Installation of theliner was completed in thesummer of 1994. The outletworks has operated without anyliner-related incidents since thattime. CCTV inspection of theslipliner was performed in May2001, and the liner was found tobe in good condition.Lessons learnedFigure B-69.—Inserting the HDPE slipliner into theexisting CMP conduit.Sliplining provides a low cost andless disruptive alternative to theconventional removal andreplacement renovation method.ReferenceBureau of Reclamation, Outlet Works Video Inspection at Round Rock Dam—Bureau ofIndian Affairs (BIA) Safety of Dams Program—Navajo Indian Reservation, Arizona, July 26,2001.B-90
Appendix B—Case HistoriesProject name: St. Louis Recreation Lake Dam (actual name withheld by request ofowner)Location: MissouriSummary: Conduit abandonment by grout injectionIn 2000, a 118-foot high embankment dam was constructed in the St. Louis area tocreate a 325-acre recreation lake. The lake is an integral part in an upscale landdevelopment. When the construction permit application was submitted to the Statefor approval, the designer included a 16-inch diameter PVC diversion pipe in thebase of the embankment dam to prevent impoundment of water while the dam wasbeing built. The construction permit was ultimately approved with the conditionthat the pipe would be filled with grout when the embankment dam was completed.During construction, some foundation problems were discovered that requiredgrouting of the foundation. The contractor was allowed to construct the lowerportion of the embankment dam, and the grouting contractor was allowed to drillthrough it to grout the foundation. During this process, the contractor apparentlyobserved a small amount of grout flowing from the outlet end of the temporary PVCdiversion pipe (However, this was not reported to the State until after a problemwith the pipe was later discovered).As the work on the embankment dam neared completion and it came time toabandon the temporary diversion pipe with grout, the owner (through his designer)requested permission to alter the plans. Instead of filling the pipe with concrete, theowner proposed to retain the pipe and place a valve on the downstream end of thepipe. Their argument was that this would allow them to use the PVC pipe to lowerthe lake level in the future. The state Dam Safety Program balked at this, and itquickly became a contentious issue between the State and the dam owner. In aneffort to assess the condition of the PVC pipe prior to making a final decision theState used a remotely operated video camera to examine the interior of the pipe.With the owner and his engineer present, a video camera was inserted into thedownstream end of the pipe. At approximately 450 feet upstream of the pipe outlet,a separated joint was observed (figure B-70). Just upstream of that joint, the pipehad collapsed, leaving a space only a few inches high at the bottom (figure B-71)The pipe was immediately abandoned by completely filling it with grout.The owner later admitted that if the State had not been able to demonstrate why itdid not want a valve on the downstream end of the pipe, he would have tried tocoerce the State to allow the pipe to remain by contacting his legislators or by goingB-91
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Technical Manual:Conduits throughEm
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PrefaceTens of thousands of conduit
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Prefacecondition. The hazard classi
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PrefaceLakeLine MagazineMaryland Da
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Conduits through Embankment Dams11.
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Contents23 Precast concrete pipe be
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Contents81 On first filling, a high
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Contents117 This conduit was severe
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Contents158 An example of a histori
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ContentsFigures in the AppendicesNo
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ContentsB-33 Aerial view of Como Da
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ContentsB-81 Cross section of Wiste
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ContentsMASW, multichannel analysis
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Symbolsc, cohesionE', modulus of so
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ContentsD 3350D 4221D 4253D 4254D 4
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IntroductionConduits convey water f
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IntroductionFigure 3.—A 15-inch d
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Introductionunstable. When seepage
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IntroductionAn embankment dam with
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A vortex may form at the location w
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IntroductionWater from the reservoi
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IntroductionFlowing water from the
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IntroductionThe process of dislodgi
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Introductionbe observable at the su
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IntroductionFigure 11.—Example of
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Introductionwhere conduits were ass
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Introduction• Conduits within lev
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IntroductionFigure 12.—An example
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Introductionmore recent practiced h
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IntroductionThe “best practices
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Chapter 1GeneralConduits have been
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Chapter 1—GeneralFigure 14.—Ant
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Chapter 1—GeneralFigure 17.—Fai
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Chapter 1—Generalmeans the condui
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Chapter 1—Generalfacilitate futur
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Chapter 2Conduit MaterialsVarious m
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Chapter 2—Conduit MaterialsFigure
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Chapter 2—Conduit Materials• Co
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Chapter 2—Conduit MaterialsSteel
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Chapter 2—Conduit Materials2.3.2
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Chapter 3Hydraulic Design of Condui
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Chapter 3—Hydraulic Design of Con
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Chapter 4Structural Design of Condu
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Chapter 4—Structural Design of Co
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Chapter 5Foundation and Embankment
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Chapter 5—Foundation and Embankme
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Chapter 6Filter ZonesZones of desig
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Chapter 6—Filter Zonesseepage or
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Chapter 6—Filter ZonesFigure 87.
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Chapter 6—Filter Zones3. Upstream
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Chapter 6—Filter Zonesbedrock sur
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Chapter 6—Filter Zoneszones, and
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Chapter 6—Filter Zonesfiltering t
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Chapter 6—Filter Zonessoil. This
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Chapter 6—Filter Zones6.8 Specifi
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Chapter 6—Filter ZonesVarious deg
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Chapter 6—Filter Zones• For pre
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Chapter 7Potential Failure Modes As
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Chapter 7—Potential Failure Modes
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Chapter 8Potential Defects Associat
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Chapter 8—Potential Defects Assoc
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Chapter 9Inspection and Assessment
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Chapter 9—Inspection and Assessme
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Chapter 10Evaluation by Geophysical
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Chapter 10—Evaluation by Geophysi
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Chapter 11Appropriate Emergency Act
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Chapter 11—Appropriate Emergency
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Table 11.2.—Potential problems an
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Chapter 12Renovation of ConduitsThe
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Chapter 12—Renovation of Conduits
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Chapter 13Replacement of ConduitsGe
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Chapter 13—Replacement of Conduit
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Chapter 14Repair and Abandonment of
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Chapter 14—Repair and Abandonment
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ReferencesThe following references
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ReferencesBureau of Reclamation, De
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ReferencesCooper, Chuck, E. Wesley
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ReferencesJacobsen, S., “Buckling
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ReferencesNatural Resources Conserv
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ReferencesU.S. Army Corps of Engine
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ReferencesWooten, R. Lee, Peter S.
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Additional ReadingThe following ref
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Additional ReadingCarter, Brent H.,
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Additional ReadingJohnson, Brian, J
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Additional ReadingNatural Resources
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Additional ReadingU.S. Army Corps o
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Additional ReadingVan Aller, Hal, R
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GlossaryThe terms defined in this g
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Glossary• Backward erosion piping
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GlossaryCathodic protection system
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GlossaryConsequences (FEMA, 2004):
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Glossarymalfunction or abnormality
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GlossaryDrawdown (FEMA, 2004): The
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GlossaryFailure mode (FEMA, 2004):
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GlossaryGate chamber: An outlet wor
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GlossaryImpervious: Not permeable;
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GlossaryLeakage (FEMA, 2004): Uncon
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GlossaryOpen cut: An excavation thr
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GlossaryPolyvinyl chloride (PVC): A
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GlossaryResistivity: A measure of t
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GlossarySettlement (FEMA, 2004): Th
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GlossaryStandard Proctor compaction
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GlossaryThermoset (ASTM F 412, 2001
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GlossaryReferencesAmerican Concrete
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IndexAAbandonment of conduits, 225,
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IndexCompaction of backfill, 6, 10,
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IndexDDamembankment, 113-130, 333-3
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IndexExisting conduit, 23, 31, 45-5
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IndexHydraulic fracture, 4-11, 17,
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IndexMechanical caliper, 246Metal c
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IndexPressure flow, see Conduit, pr
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IndexSliplining, 39, 45-47, 51, 164
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IndexUUltrasonic pulse-echo, 245, 2
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Appendix AHistory of Antiseep Colla
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Appendix A—History of Antiseep Co
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Appendix BCase HistoriesIndexDam Lo
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Appendix B—Case HistoriesDam Loca
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Appendix B—Case HistoriesProject
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Appendix B—Case HistoriesFigure B
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Appendix B—Case Historiesproject,
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Appendix B—Case Historieswatersto
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Appendix B—Case HistoriesLessons
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Appendix B—Case HistoriesThe cond
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Appendix B—Case Historiesroadway.
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Appendix B—Case Historiesentire c
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Technical Manual: Conduits through Embankment Dams (FEMA 484)

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