Aboriginal Co-operatives in Canada - Centre for the Study of Co ...

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PopulationFigure A.1 Population in NWT/Nunavut and Canada72,00031,800,000The combined population of theNWT/Nunavut was estimated at 69,000 in1999 (Figure A.1). Based on the 1996 census,there was an Aboriginal population of 19,000in the NWT, accounting for 48% of the totalNWT population. In Nunavut, the Aboriginalpopulation was 21,674 -- more than five timesthe non-Aboriginal population of 4,067.NWT/Nunavut68,00064,00060,00056,00068,81467,57067,778 67,61330,600,00030,567,96266,57530,296,58665,15730,008,41663,54929,671,89229,353,85429,400,00062,41229,035,98160,93028,703,14228,376,55058,904 28,030,86428,200,00027,700,8561990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 199927,000,000CanadaIn 1997-98, the overall number ofpeople in the NWT/Nunavut declined slightly,probably because of the downturns in theeconomy, in public and private capitalinvestments, and because of the closures ofsome mines. While the number of people inthe NWT/Nunavut declined slightly in 1998,the population in 1999 increased with theestablishment of the Nunavut territory, whichprovided opportunities for employment andeconomic development. Relative to Canada,the NWT/Nunavut still have a faster growingpopulation. From 1990 to 1999, the populationNumber0-150-300-450-600-750-900NWT/NunavutCanadaFigure A.2 Annual Estimates of Net Migrationin NWT/Nunavut1991/92 1992/93 1993/94 1994/95 1995/96 1996/97 1997/98-38-231-223-180-691-813-846of the NWT/Nunavut grew by an averageannual rate of 1.7%, while the rate of theCanadian population was 1.12%.Figure A.3 Population by Ethnicityin Yellowknife and NWTInter-provincial migration mightinfluence the population growth rate in theNWT/Nunavut. Based on the estimates ofimmigration, emigration and interprovincial/territorialmigration, theNWT/Nunavut experienced a net migrationloss every year since 1991, with the greatestloss in 1997/98 (Figure A.2).Population40,00030,00020,00010,000039,46036,40519,25020,46019,00017,19517,15515,17912,57213,7802,6073,420Yellowknife 1991 Yellowknife 1996 NWT 1991 NWT 1996Total Population Aboriginal Non-Aboriginal125
Historically, people migrate to the urban areas in the NWT/Nunavut. In Yellowknife, for example, thepopulation’s share in the NWT increased from 41.7% in 1991 to 43.6% in 1996. The number of both Aboriginaland non-Aboriginal people in the city increased and the people stayed for a longer period of time (Figure A.3).EducationKnowledge and skills are necessities in today’s world, and essential for Aboriginal people in theNWT/Nunavut to attain them through education. Society rewards individuals who are proficient with employmentopportunities, job success and active participation in the community. The research estimates that two thirds ofnew jobs in the future will require more than 17 years of education 2 .There have been substantial improvements in the educational levels of the territorial population, eventhough overall public school enrollments leveled off in 1996/97 (school year) after increasing steadily between1991/92 and 1995/96 (Table A.1). Both the territorial number of graduates of grade 12 and graduates as apercentage of the public school enrollments have improved from 1991/92 to 1994/95. The number of grade 12graduates as a percentage of 18 years old increased in the NWT/Nunavut from 23.7% in 1991/92 to 27.8% in1995/96 (Figure A.4).Education levels among theAboriginal population still lag behind theterritorial average. The number of Aboriginalgrade 12 graduates from 1991/92 to 1995/96was 471−26% of the total graduates. In1994/95, the number of Aboriginal graduatesreached its highest level of 105 (Table A.2).In 1995/96, both the number of Aboriginaland non-Aboriginal graduates decreased. Theincreased availability of employment trainingprograms, which often include wages, maybe responsible for this decrease.Percentage (%)9075604530150Figure A.4 Grade 12 Graduates as a Percentage ofAged 18 by Ethnicity in NWT/Nunavut56.723.712.1 12.178.829.466.127.614.1 15.170.211.960.629.3 27.81991/92 1992/93 1993/94 1994/95 1995/96Aboriginal Non-Aboriginal Total Percentage2 National Literacy Secretariat. “Creating a Learning Culture: Work and Literacy in the Nineties”. Ottawa: Ministry ofSupply and Services, 1990.126
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A REPORT ONAboriginalCo-operativesi
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Copyright © 2001 Centre for the St
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A B O R I G I N A L C O - O P E R A
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A B O R I G I N A L C O - O P E R A
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Table of ContentsExecutive Summary
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F O R E W O R DThe Nature of This S
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~ F O R E W O R DCo-operatives are
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C H A P T E RO N EThe Current State
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~ T H E C U R R E N T S T A T EGove
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~ T H E C U R R E N T S T A T EFirs
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~ T H E C U R R E N T S T A T ESelf
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~ T H E C U R R E N T S T A T EUnde
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~ T H E C U R R E N T S T A T EThir
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~ T H E C U R R E N T S T A T Eretu
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~ T H E C U R R E N T S T A T Ehave
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~ T H E C U R R E N T S T A T Epatt
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~ T H E C U R R E N T S T A T EOngo
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~ T H E C U R R E N T S T A T Epote
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~ E M E R G I N G T H E M E SThe ne
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~ E M E R G I N G T H E M E SEmergi
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~ E M E R G I N G T H E M E Sl’Ou
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~ E M E R G I N G T H E M E SConclu
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~ E M E R G I N G T H E M E SAkochi
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~ E M E R G I N G T H E M E SManage
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~ E M E R G I N G T H E M E SConclu
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~ T H E P O T E N T I A L F O R G R
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APPENDIX APART 1Socio-Economic Prof
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5. Relative performance of consumer
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Every year, the Co-operatives Secre
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1. Formation of Aboriginal Co-ops a
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is even more striking when we look
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The dichotomous structure ofactivit
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2.2 Sectoraldistribution ofAborigin
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Page 78 and 79: 77Table 2.3 ACTIVITIES OF A SAMPLE
Page 80 and 81: 3. Organization of Aboriginal co-op
Page 82 and 83: The selling of Inuit art by individ
Page 84 and 85: caisses populaires Desjardins. The
Page 86 and 87: Both the Federal and Provincial Gov
Page 88 and 89: 4.2 Sales GrowthIn this section, we
Page 90 and 91: products (basically food and hardwa
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Page 94 and 95: health of co-ops in general. Unlike
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Page 98 and 99: 5. Relative Performance of Consumer
Page 100 and 101: 5.3 Consumer Products and Food Sale
Page 102 and 103: The “Aboriginal” member spends
Page 104 and 105: to other consumer co-ops.It was als
Page 106 and 107: Aboriginal) are more liquid than th
Page 108 and 109: 6.2 EmploymentFigure 6.2 shows the
Page 110 and 111: Aboriginal workers could receive el
Page 112 and 113: of two major components: property (
Page 114 and 115: In short, Inuit co-ops are an impor
Page 116 and 117: 115Table 6.3 Selected Statistics of
Page 118 and 119: some analysis that we felt was impo
Page 120 and 121: Aboriginal co-ops remain active in
Page 122 and 123: Indian Affairs and Northern Develop
Page 124 and 125: HIGHLIGHTS• Population, including
Page 128 and 129: Table A.1 Public School Enrollments
Page 130 and 131: Table A.4 Aboriginal Employment Rat
Page 132 and 133: were 13.7% and 20.7% respectively,
Page 134 and 135: Consumer Price Index (CPI)Figure A.
Page 136 and 137: D. Finance and InvestmentThis secti
Page 138 and 139: BibliographyCensus Dictionary, Fina
Page 140 and 141: FIGURE B1 A MAP OF CANADIAN ABORIGI
Page 142 and 143: ~ P E R S P E C T I V E S O F R E G
Page 158 and 159: 2.0 INCREASING SELF-RELIANCE2.1 LAN
Page 160 and 161: CANADA MORTGAGE AND HOUSING CORPORA
Page 162 and 163: 3.0 SUPPORTIVE BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
Page 166 and 167: INDIAN AND NORTHERN AFFAIRS CANADA1
Page 168 and 169: 1.4 INNOVATION (FINANCIAL AND NON-F
Page 170 and 171: 2.2 WORKFORCE TRAINING AND EXPERIEN
Page 172 and 173: 3.2 CONNECTEDNESS INITIATIVESProgra
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2.3 SOCIAL ASSISTANCE REFORMProgram
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Part 3: Provincial/Territorial Init
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~ P R O V I N C I A L / T E R R I T
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A P P E N D I XCCo-operatives in Qu
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Bibliography[Quotes in the body of
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~ C O - O P E R A T I V E S A N D C
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~ S T A T E M E N T O N T H E C O -
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~ M E T H O D O L O G Y2. In-Person
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~ M E T H O D O L O G Yissues; area
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A P P E N D I XHCase Study Guidelin
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~ C A S E S T U D I E SA P P E N D
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~ C A S E S T U D I E Sthe main foc
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~ C A S E S T U D I E Sthey sold, t
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~ C A S E S T U D I E Sboth in Sask
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~ C A S E S T U D I E Sestimate the
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~ C A S E S T U D I E SThey are les
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A P P E N D I X I ~have been diffic
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A P P E N D I X I ~arts and crafts.
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A P P E N D I X I ~286 ~
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A P P E N D I X I ~288 ~
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~ C A S E S T U D I E SIkaluktutiak
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A P P E N D I X I ~In order to meet
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A P P E N D I X I ~and recently dra
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A P P E N D I X I ~The bakery was s
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A P P E N D I X I ~Bill describes h
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A P P E N D I X I ~Reasons for Succ
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A P P E N D I X I ~Bill states, “
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A P P E N D I X I ~The future looks
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A P P E N D I X I ~communities in C
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A P P E N D I X I ~third parties wh
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A P P E N D I X I ~measure of confi
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A P P E N D I X I ~BibliographyPape
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A P P E N D I X I ~number of areas,
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A P P E N D I X I ~although the org
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A P P E N D I X I ~BibliographyPape
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A P P E N D I X I ~Apaqtukewaq Fish
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A P P E N D I X I ~ManagementIn the
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A P P E N D I X I ~Anishinabek Nati
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A P P E N D I X I ~termed Aborigina
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A P P E N D I X I ~Profitable Proje
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A P P E N D I X I ~ANCU will only b
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A P P E N D I X I ~3. Funding is se
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A P P E N D I X I ~knowledgeable ab
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A P P E N D I X I ~Native Inter-Tri
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A P P E N D I X I ~are both working
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A P P E N D I X I ~local school and
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A P P E N D I X I ~We found that th
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A P P E N D I X I ~In return for th
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A P P E N D I X I ~When they do hav
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A P P E N D I X I ~The two NITH int
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A P P E N D I X I ~for anyone to us
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A P P E N D I X I ~youth of the com
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A P P E N D I X I ~Community Involv
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A P P E N D I X I ~Advice to Others
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A P P E N D I X I ~Neechi Foods Co-
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A P P E N D I X I ~Community Impact
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A P P E N D I X I ~few years as a r
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A P P E N D I X I ~The worker co-op
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A P P E N D I X I ~Since the start
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A P P E N D I X I ~to urban Native
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A P P E N D I X I ~December because
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A P P E N D I X I ~Social Attitudes
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A P P E N D I X I ~years ago. The o
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A P P E N D I X I ~sources can be m
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A P P E N D I X I ~Wilp Sa Maa’y
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A P P E N D I X I ~opened an accoun
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A P P E N D I X I ~grow on the coas
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A P P E N D I X I ~We also need to
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A P P E N D I X I ~• We gave pres
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A P P E N D I X I ~its direction. (
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A P P E N D I XJAdditional Case Stu
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A P P E N D I X J : A D D I T I O N
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A P P E N D I X K : T H E C O N S U
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