Aboriginal Co-operatives in Canada - Centre for the Study of Co ...

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~ P R O V I N C I A L / T E R R I T O R I A L I N I T I A T I V E S• Grow Bonds allow people in rural communities to participate directly instrengthening their local economies and in creating job opportunities foryoung people. Grow Bonds bring together local investors and entrepreneursin initiatives such as manufacturing, processing, tourism, commercial water/gas distribution, exporting, and the provision of goods or services for theprotection of the environment. Under provisions of the Rural DevelopmentBonds Act, communities plan and manage bond offerings to raise capital thatis used to finance eligible new business opportunities and expansions.• Infrastructure Development programmes assist communities to improve sewer,water, and energy services, transportation access, waste disposal facilities, andtelecommunications specifically designed to service new or expanding businesses.Economic development organizations and local government authoritiescan apply for assistance. Eligible projects are funded on a 50/50 matching basisfor on-site project costs to a maximum of $100,000, or $500,000 if the infrastructureimprovement provides a regional service. Infrastructure services mustbe publicly owned and maintained.• The Small Business and Co-operative Development Branch supports theAboriginal Business Development Programme, which promotes entrepreneurshiptraining, business information, seminars, and counselling toindividuals and community organizations in the interests of developing smallbusiness and entrepreneurship. Access to business, information, services, andprogrammes is a main target. 41• Ota-Miska 1999–2000: The department also provides a web site for Aboriginalbusiness information.• A three-year joint venture between the Ministry of Natural Resources and theFirst Nations allows for First Nations to capture 150 elk per year; they areallowed to keep up to 250 head. The province will retain an additional 200 elk,some of which will be sold to elk farmers. Over five years, this industry isexpected to be valued at $50 million. 42• The Economic Innovation and Technology Council was established on September 1,1992, as the Province of Manitoba’s private-sector advisory council on economic41 http://db.itt.gov.mb.ca/ITT/BRC/BRC_Pub.nsf42 “Elk Farming Agreement Signed with First Nations,” Manitoba Government News Release, November 7,1997.~ 195
A P P E N D I X B : T H E P O L I C Y E N V I R O N M E N T ~development and innovation. In May 1999, the Report of the Aboriginal EconomicDevelopment Task Group, which included representatives from Aboriginal communitiesand the private sector, presented fifteen recommendations aimed at five areas:improving co-ordination and linkages among all stakeholders by establishing bestpracticeguidelines; improving the educational outcomes of Aboriginal youth; increasingthe participation of Aboriginal people in postsecondary education andtraining; improving labour-market information so it is more relevant and meaningful;and increasing access to capital for Aboriginal entrepreneurs and businesses. Therecommendations included:• the creation of a directory of private-sector and Aboriginal organizationsthat have successfully participated in joint ventures, and private-sectororganizations seeking partnerships and joint ventures; and• a strong suggestion that the Assembly of Manitoba Chiefs should establish anAboriginal Capital Fund as a sound and logical step to improve access to capitalfor Aboriginal entrepreneurs and business.Existing Federal-Provincial Partnerships• The Canada-Manitoba Economic Development Agreement is a collaborative partnershipfocussed on strategic priorities designed to generate economic development inManitoba. From 1998 through March 2002, this agreement will direct $40 million intostrategic projects that will expand the international competitiveness of Manitoba’skey growth sectors, commercialize new technologies, assist small and medium-sizedbusinesses and entrepreneurs, enhance long-term economic self-sustainability of ruraland urban communities, and increase tourism potential. The federal and provincialgovernments will each contribute $20 million to the agreement. Under the businessdevelopment plan, strategic priority is the advancement of Aboriginalentrepreneurship. 43• The Assembly of Manitoba Chiefs is working with the federal and provincial governmentsto secure a five-year economic development agreement for the First Nations ofManitoba. A report from the assembly’s Economic Development Strategy Committeepresented to the Manitoba Economic Innovation and Technology Council in March1997 outlined five strategic objectives for creating a “comprehensive provincialframework to guide First Nations in creating sustainable First Nations Economies.” 44The task force that was formed as a result, which includes members of the provincialgovernment and corporate Canada, acts as an advisor to the Economic Development43 http://www.gov.mb.ca/finance/edpa/programme.html44 Aboriginal Economic Development Task Group, Terms of Reference, p. 1.196 ~ M C P H A I L
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A REPORT ONAboriginalCo-operativesi
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Copyright © 2001 Centre for the St
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A B O R I G I N A L C O - O P E R A
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A B O R I G I N A L C O - O P E R A
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Table of ContentsExecutive Summary
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F O R E W O R DThe Nature of This S
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~ F O R E W O R DCo-operatives are
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C H A P T E RO N EThe Current State
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~ T H E C U R R E N T S T A T EGove
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~ T H E C U R R E N T S T A T EFirs
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~ T H E C U R R E N T S T A T ESelf
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~ T H E C U R R E N T S T A T EUnde
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~ T H E C U R R E N T S T A T EThir
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~ T H E C U R R E N T S T A T Eretu
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~ T H E C U R R E N T S T A T Ehave
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~ T H E C U R R E N T S T A T Epatt
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~ T H E C U R R E N T S T A T EOngo
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~ T H E C U R R E N T S T A T Epote
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~ E M E R G I N G T H E M E SThe ne
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~ E M E R G I N G T H E M E SEmergi
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~ E M E R G I N G T H E M E Sl’Ou
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~ E M E R G I N G T H E M E SConclu
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~ E M E R G I N G T H E M E SAkochi
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~ E M E R G I N G T H E M E SManage
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~ E M E R G I N G T H E M E SConclu
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~ T H E P O T E N T I A L F O R G R
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APPENDIX APART 1Socio-Economic Prof
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5. Relative performance of consumer
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Every year, the Co-operatives Secre
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1. Formation of Aboriginal Co-ops a
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is even more striking when we look
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The dichotomous structure ofactivit
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2.2 Sectoraldistribution ofAborigin
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in sectors that are more labor inte
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77Table 2.3 ACTIVITIES OF A SAMPLE
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3. Organization of Aboriginal co-op
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The selling of Inuit art by individ
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caisses populaires Desjardins. The
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Both the Federal and Provincial Gov
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4.2 Sales GrowthIn this section, we
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products (basically food and hardwa
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in employment between 1993 and 1997
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health of co-ops in general. Unlike
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“overcapitalization” by Aborigi
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5. Relative Performance of Consumer
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5.3 Consumer Products and Food Sale
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The “Aboriginal” member spends
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to other consumer co-ops.It was als
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Aboriginal) are more liquid than th
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6.2 EmploymentFigure 6.2 shows the
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Aboriginal workers could receive el
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of two major components: property (
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In short, Inuit co-ops are an impor
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115Table 6.3 Selected Statistics of
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some analysis that we felt was impo
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Aboriginal co-ops remain active in
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Indian Affairs and Northern Develop
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HIGHLIGHTS• Population, including
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PopulationFigure A.1 Population in
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Table A.1 Public School Enrollments
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Table A.4 Aboriginal Employment Rat
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were 13.7% and 20.7% respectively,
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Consumer Price Index (CPI)Figure A.
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D. Finance and InvestmentThis secti
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BibliographyCensus Dictionary, Fina
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FIGURE B1 A MAP OF CANADIAN ABORIGI
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~ P E R S P E C T I V E S O F R E G
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~ P E R S P E C T I V E S O F R E G
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Page 158 and 159: 2.0 INCREASING SELF-RELIANCE2.1 LAN
Page 160 and 161: CANADA MORTGAGE AND HOUSING CORPORA
Page 162 and 163: 3.0 SUPPORTIVE BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
Page 166 and 167: INDIAN AND NORTHERN AFFAIRS CANADA1
Page 168 and 169: 1.4 INNOVATION (FINANCIAL AND NON-F
Page 170 and 171: 2.2 WORKFORCE TRAINING AND EXPERIEN
Page 172 and 173: 3.2 CONNECTEDNESS INITIATIVESProgra
Page 176 and 177: 2.3 SOCIAL ASSISTANCE REFORMProgram
Page 178 and 179: Part 3: Provincial/Territorial Init
Page 180 and 181: ~ P R O V I N C I A L / T E R R I T
Page 218 and 219: A P P E N D I XCCo-operatives in Qu
Page 220 and 221: ~ C O - O P S I N Q U É B E C A B
Page 232 and 233: Bibliography[Quotes in the body of
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~ C O - O P E R A T I V E S A N D C
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~ S T A T E M E N T O N T H E C O -
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~ M E T H O D O L O G Y2. In-Person
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~ M E T H O D O L O G Yissues; area
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A P P E N D I XHCase Study Guidelin
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~ C A S E S T U D I E SA P P E N D
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~ C A S E S T U D I E Sthe main foc
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~ C A S E S T U D I E Sthey sold, t
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~ C A S E S T U D I E Sboth in Sask
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~ C A S E S T U D I E Sestimate the
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~ C A S E S T U D I E SThey are les
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A P P E N D I X I ~have been diffic
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A P P E N D I X I ~arts and crafts.
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A P P E N D I X I ~286 ~
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A P P E N D I X I ~288 ~
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~ C A S E S T U D I E SIkaluktutiak
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A P P E N D I X I ~In order to meet
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A P P E N D I X I ~and recently dra
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A P P E N D I X I ~The bakery was s
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A P P E N D I X I ~Bill describes h
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A P P E N D I X I ~Reasons for Succ
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A P P E N D I X I ~Bill states, “
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A P P E N D I X I ~The future looks
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A P P E N D I X I ~communities in C
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A P P E N D I X I ~third parties wh
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A P P E N D I X I ~measure of confi
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A P P E N D I X I ~BibliographyPape
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A P P E N D I X I ~number of areas,
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A P P E N D I X I ~although the org
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A P P E N D I X I ~BibliographyPape
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A P P E N D I X I ~Apaqtukewaq Fish
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A P P E N D I X I ~ManagementIn the
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A P P E N D I X I ~Anishinabek Nati
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A P P E N D I X I ~termed Aborigina
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A P P E N D I X I ~Profitable Proje
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A P P E N D I X I ~ANCU will only b
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A P P E N D I X I ~3. Funding is se
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A P P E N D I X I ~knowledgeable ab
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A P P E N D I X I ~Native Inter-Tri
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A P P E N D I X I ~are both working
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A P P E N D I X I ~local school and
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A P P E N D I X I ~We found that th
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A P P E N D I X I ~In return for th
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A P P E N D I X I ~When they do hav
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A P P E N D I X I ~The two NITH int
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A P P E N D I X I ~for anyone to us
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A P P E N D I X I ~youth of the com
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A P P E N D I X I ~Community Involv
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A P P E N D I X I ~Advice to Others
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A P P E N D I X I ~Neechi Foods Co-
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A P P E N D I X I ~Community Impact
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A P P E N D I X I ~few years as a r
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A P P E N D I X I ~The worker co-op
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A P P E N D I X I ~Since the start
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A P P E N D I X I ~to urban Native
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A P P E N D I X I ~December because
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A P P E N D I X I ~Social Attitudes
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A P P E N D I X I ~years ago. The o
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A P P E N D I X I ~sources can be m
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A P P E N D I X I ~Wilp Sa Maa’y
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A P P E N D I X I ~opened an accoun
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A P P E N D I X I ~grow on the coas
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A P P E N D I X I ~We also need to
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A P P E N D I X I ~• We gave pres
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A P P E N D I X I ~its direction. (
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A P P E N D I XJAdditional Case Stu
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A P P E N D I X J : A D D I T I O N
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A P P E N D I X K : T H E C O N S U
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