Aboriginal Co-operatives in Canada - Centre for the Study of Co ...

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~ C O - O P S I N Q U É B E C A B O R I G I N A L C O M M U N I T I E STelephone Conversations and InterviewsConfédération des caisses populaires et d’économie Desjardins. 2000. Telephone conversation,September 12.Georges Filotas, managing director, Fédération des coopératives du Nouveau-Québec. Interview, June 8,2000.Investissement Québec. 2000. Telephone conversation, July 27.Ministère de l’industrie et du commerce. 2000. Telephone conversation, July 27.Secrétariat aux coopératives, Telephone conversation, July 27, 2000.Société de développement économique de Betsiamite. 2000. Telephone conversation, August 10.~ 233
A P P E N D I XDCo-operatives and Communities—Some Theoretical ConsiderationsAboriginal Economic and Social CircumstancesIt is a vast understatement to say that the current state of social and economic developmentwithin Aboriginal and First Nation communities is far from satisfactory. A recentstudy 1 of the Aboriginal economic gap in Saskatchewan, for example, demonstrated that,compared to the non-Aboriginal community, Aboriginal people experience higher povertyrates, lower education levels, and chronic unemployment. The study showed that averageAboriginal personal income was 56 percent of average non-Aboriginal personal income;that 60.4 percent of the Saskatchewan Aboriginal population fifteen and over had notcompleted high school; and that the Aboriginal community as a whole has an estimatedunemployment rate of 53 percent. The study’s authors predicted that the statistics wouldcontinue to grow, depriving both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal communities of losteconomic potential and GDP, not to mention the enormous associated social costs suchfigures invariably imply.A recent study by the Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development highlightsmany of the economic and social problems confronting people living on Indian reserves. 2While the percentage of people fifteen years of age and older with no schooling or kindergartenonly is dropping, it still stands at 5 percent; more than 29 percent of the populationover fifteen have less than grade nine education, more than double the nationalaverage. The percentage of the population on reserves with university education, whileincreasing, is not rising faster than the general population. The male labour-force participationrate stands at 58 percent, 15 percent below that of comparable non-Aboriginalcommunities and 24 percent behind the national average. The female participation rate is45 percent, nearly thirteen percentage points below that in comparable communities andnineteen percentage points behind the national average. The low participation rate amongyoung people is particularly troubling: it stands at only 56 percent, 14 percent below thatof comparable non-Aboriginal communities and 18 percent below the national average.1“Economic Development,” in Report of the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples (Ottawa: TheCommission, 1996), p. 1.2 Socio-Economic Indicators in Indian Reserves and Comparable Communities, 1971–1991 (Ottawa:Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development, 1997).234 ~ H A M M O N D K E T I L S O N
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A REPORT ONAboriginalCo-operativesi
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Copyright © 2001 Centre for the St
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A B O R I G I N A L C O - O P E R A
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A B O R I G I N A L C O - O P E R A
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Table of ContentsExecutive Summary
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F O R E W O R DThe Nature of This S
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~ F O R E W O R DCo-operatives are
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C H A P T E RO N EThe Current State
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~ T H E C U R R E N T S T A T EGove
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~ T H E C U R R E N T S T A T EFirs
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~ T H E C U R R E N T S T A T ESelf
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~ T H E C U R R E N T S T A T EUnde
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~ T H E C U R R E N T S T A T EThir
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~ T H E C U R R E N T S T A T Eretu
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~ T H E C U R R E N T S T A T Ehave
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~ T H E C U R R E N T S T A T Epatt
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~ T H E C U R R E N T S T A T EOngo
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~ T H E C U R R E N T S T A T Epote
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~ E M E R G I N G T H E M E SThe ne
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~ E M E R G I N G T H E M E SEmergi
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~ E M E R G I N G T H E M E Sl’Ou
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~ E M E R G I N G T H E M E SConclu
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~ E M E R G I N G T H E M E SAkochi
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~ E M E R G I N G T H E M E SManage
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~ E M E R G I N G T H E M E SConclu
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~ T H E P O T E N T I A L F O R G R
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APPENDIX APART 1Socio-Economic Prof
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5. Relative performance of consumer
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Every year, the Co-operatives Secre
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1. Formation of Aboriginal Co-ops a
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is even more striking when we look
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The dichotomous structure ofactivit
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2.2 Sectoraldistribution ofAborigin
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in sectors that are more labor inte
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77Table 2.3 ACTIVITIES OF A SAMPLE
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3. Organization of Aboriginal co-op
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The selling of Inuit art by individ
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caisses populaires Desjardins. The
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Both the Federal and Provincial Gov
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4.2 Sales GrowthIn this section, we
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products (basically food and hardwa
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in employment between 1993 and 1997
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health of co-ops in general. Unlike
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“overcapitalization” by Aborigi
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5. Relative Performance of Consumer
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5.3 Consumer Products and Food Sale
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The “Aboriginal” member spends
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to other consumer co-ops.It was als
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Aboriginal) are more liquid than th
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6.2 EmploymentFigure 6.2 shows the
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Aboriginal workers could receive el
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of two major components: property (
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In short, Inuit co-ops are an impor
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115Table 6.3 Selected Statistics of
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some analysis that we felt was impo
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Aboriginal co-ops remain active in
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Indian Affairs and Northern Develop
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HIGHLIGHTS• Population, including
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PopulationFigure A.1 Population in
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Table A.1 Public School Enrollments
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Table A.4 Aboriginal Employment Rat
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were 13.7% and 20.7% respectively,
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Consumer Price Index (CPI)Figure A.
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D. Finance and InvestmentThis secti
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BibliographyCensus Dictionary, Fina
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FIGURE B1 A MAP OF CANADIAN ABORIGI
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~ P E R S P E C T I V E S O F R E G
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2.0 INCREASING SELF-RELIANCE2.1 LAN
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CANADA MORTGAGE AND HOUSING CORPORA
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3.0 SUPPORTIVE BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
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INDIAN AND NORTHERN AFFAIRS CANADA1
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1.4 INNOVATION (FINANCIAL AND NON-F
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2.2 WORKFORCE TRAINING AND EXPERIEN
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3.2 CONNECTEDNESS INITIATIVESProgra
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2.3 SOCIAL ASSISTANCE REFORMProgram
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Part 3: Provincial/Territorial Init
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~ P R O V I N C I A L / T E R R I T
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~ P R O V I N C I A L / T E R R I T
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Page 232 and 233: Bibliography[Quotes in the body of
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Page 266 and 267: ~ M E T H O D O L O G Y2. In-Person
Page 268 and 269: ~ M E T H O D O L O G Yissues; area
Page 270 and 271: A P P E N D I XHCase Study Guidelin
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Page 274 and 275: ~ C A S E S T U D I E Sthe main foc
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A P P E N D I X I ~have been diffic
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A P P E N D I X I ~arts and crafts.
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A P P E N D I X I ~286 ~
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A P P E N D I X I ~288 ~
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~ C A S E S T U D I E SIkaluktutiak
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A P P E N D I X I ~In order to meet
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A P P E N D I X I ~and recently dra
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A P P E N D I X I ~The bakery was s
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A P P E N D I X I ~Bill describes h
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A P P E N D I X I ~Reasons for Succ
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A P P E N D I X I ~Bill states, “
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A P P E N D I X I ~The future looks
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A P P E N D I X I ~communities in C
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A P P E N D I X I ~third parties wh
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A P P E N D I X I ~measure of confi
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A P P E N D I X I ~BibliographyPape
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A P P E N D I X I ~number of areas,
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A P P E N D I X I ~although the org
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A P P E N D I X I ~BibliographyPape
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A P P E N D I X I ~Apaqtukewaq Fish
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A P P E N D I X I ~ManagementIn the
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A P P E N D I X I ~Anishinabek Nati
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A P P E N D I X I ~termed Aborigina
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A P P E N D I X I ~Profitable Proje
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A P P E N D I X I ~ANCU will only b
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A P P E N D I X I ~3. Funding is se
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A P P E N D I X I ~knowledgeable ab
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A P P E N D I X I ~Native Inter-Tri
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A P P E N D I X I ~are both working
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A P P E N D I X I ~local school and
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A P P E N D I X I ~We found that th
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A P P E N D I X I ~In return for th
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A P P E N D I X I ~When they do hav
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A P P E N D I X I ~The two NITH int
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A P P E N D I X I ~for anyone to us
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A P P E N D I X I ~youth of the com
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A P P E N D I X I ~Community Involv
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A P P E N D I X I ~Advice to Others
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A P P E N D I X I ~Neechi Foods Co-
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A P P E N D I X I ~Community Impact
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A P P E N D I X I ~few years as a r
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A P P E N D I X I ~The worker co-op
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A P P E N D I X I ~Since the start
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A P P E N D I X I ~to urban Native
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A P P E N D I X I ~December because
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A P P E N D I X I ~Social Attitudes
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A P P E N D I X I ~years ago. The o
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A P P E N D I X I ~sources can be m
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A P P E N D I X I ~Wilp Sa Maa’y
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A P P E N D I X I ~opened an accoun
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A P P E N D I X I ~grow on the coas
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A P P E N D I X I ~We also need to
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A P P E N D I X I ~• We gave pres
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A P P E N D I X I ~its direction. (
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A P P E N D I XJAdditional Case Stu
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A P P E N D I X J : A D D I T I O N
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A P P E N D I X K : T H E C O N S U
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