Aboriginal Co-operatives in Canada - Centre for the Study of Co ...

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~ P R O V I N C I A L / T E R R I T O R I A L I N I T I A T I V E SKey Provincial Economic Development Programmes and Initiatives• Nicholas-LaForest Task Force on Aboriginal Issues—Report: March 1999. Themandate of this task force was to make recommendations to the province on how tobest proceed with Aboriginal issues. The task force concluded that there is a need formore economic development opportunities and jobs for New Brunswick’s Aboriginalcommunity. The recommendations that dealt with economic development include:• the forestry industry should seek to increase Aboriginal participationthroughout the industry;• when negotiating infrastructure and economic development agreements, thefederal and provincial governments should include Aboriginal people;• JEDI should be given a higher profile and more resources so that it can becomemore responsive to the needs of Aboriginal communities;• there should be a meeting between the province, industry leaders, andAboriginal leaders on the topic of increasing Aboriginal participationin the provincial economy; and• the Aboriginal population should be further encouraged to participatein the province’s tourism industry.• Established in October 1995, the Economic Development Fund helps finance priorityeconomic development initiatives not funded through the federal-provincial Agreementon Regional Economic Development or departmental budget appropriations.The fund is available to provincial departments and agencies in support of provincialgovernment initiatives. This includes those directly related to the resource sectors(forestry, mining, agriculture, and fisheries) now excluded from federal funding, as wellas other priority initiatives not able to proceed because of reduced levels of federalprovincialfunding. 14• The Small Entrepreneur Capital Assistance Programme 15 aims to increase incomesand to enhance employment opportunities in New Brunswick by financially stimulatingsmall business enterprises to pursue new opportunities within the manufacturing andprocessing, information technology, and tourism industries. Up to 40 percent ofeligible costs, to a maximum of $50,000, is available. Eligible costs include capitalcosts, salary costs, and training costs, and must be of an “arms-length” nature.• The Department of Agriculture and Rural Development administers the AboriginalCottage Industry Initiative, which facilitates the development of Aboriginal cottageindustry producers and products. 1614 http://www.gov.nb.ca/rdc/fde%2D98/part1.htm15 http://www.gov.nb.ca/edt/bus_serv/secap.htm16 http://www.gov.nb.ca/agricult/60/01/6001000e.htm~ 183
A P P E N D I X B : T H E P O L I C Y E N V I R O N M E N T ~• In November 1998, the Supreme Court turned down the application for appeal in thePeter Paul case, which led to a sigh of relief for the forestry industry. Forestry exporttrade in New Brunswick last year was valued at $2,077,500. The provincial governmenthas reached agreements with ten of the province’s thirteen First Nations overthe forestry issue. These agreements give allocation of wood on Crown lands based onpopulation. The First Nations must follow the provisions respecting sustainability, paystumpage fees, and process the wood at New Brunswick mills, thus creating more jobsand the possibility of First Nations mills. In the fall of 1999, the Marshall rulingopened up the possibility of resource rights being extended to forestry. Governmentand Native leaders are meeting on the issue.• In September 1999, the Supreme Court of Canada in Donald Marshall Jr. vs. theCrown ruled that under a 1780 treaty, Mi’kmaq and Maliseet First Nations had theright to fish in order to provide a modest income for themselves. Natives throughoutNew Brunswick took this opportunity and began fishing lobster, which upset nonnativefishermen because they were doing it out of season. A temporary, voluntarymoratorium on fishing was established, but was then removed in mid-October. Thesituation remains unresolved.Existing Federal-Provincial Partnerships• The Joint Economic Development Initiative (JEDI) is a co-operative effort on thepart of DIAND, the Atlantic Canada Opportunities Agency (ACOA), and both on- andoff-reserve Aboriginal people in New Brunswick. The initiative focusses on practicalmeasures to enhance economic development. JEDI is working to improve communityeconomic development/ capacity building, economic and business development, andemployment.• In August 1999, government representatives signed a two-year extension to theRegional Economic Development Agreement, which adds $35.9 million from theGovernment of Canada and $13.46 million from provincial coffers to the $277.274million already allotted to the agreement. The purpose of the agreement, which willexpire in March 2003, is to expand New Brunswick’s economic base by improvingcompetitive ability, creating sustainable job growth, increasing income opportunities,encouraging the creation and growth of small- and medium-sized enterprises, developinghuman resource potential, and providing opportunities for private-sector investmentas well as public-sector co-operation. 1717 Taken from: http://www.acoa.ca/english/media/press/press_info.asp?&=B&ID=1160184 ~ M C P H A I L
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A REPORT ONAboriginalCo-operativesi
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Copyright © 2001 Centre for the St
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A B O R I G I N A L C O - O P E R A
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A B O R I G I N A L C O - O P E R A
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Table of ContentsExecutive Summary
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F O R E W O R DThe Nature of This S
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~ F O R E W O R DCo-operatives are
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C H A P T E RO N EThe Current State
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~ T H E C U R R E N T S T A T EGove
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~ T H E C U R R E N T S T A T EFirs
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~ T H E C U R R E N T S T A T ESelf
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~ T H E C U R R E N T S T A T EUnde
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~ T H E C U R R E N T S T A T EThir
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~ T H E C U R R E N T S T A T Eretu
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~ T H E C U R R E N T S T A T Ehave
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~ T H E C U R R E N T S T A T Epatt
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~ T H E C U R R E N T S T A T EOngo
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~ T H E C U R R E N T S T A T Epote
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~ E M E R G I N G T H E M E SThe ne
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~ E M E R G I N G T H E M E SEmergi
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~ E M E R G I N G T H E M E Sl’Ou
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~ E M E R G I N G T H E M E SConclu
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~ E M E R G I N G T H E M E SAkochi
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~ E M E R G I N G T H E M E SManage
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~ E M E R G I N G T H E M E SConclu
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~ T H E P O T E N T I A L F O R G R
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APPENDIX APART 1Socio-Economic Prof
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5. Relative performance of consumer
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Every year, the Co-operatives Secre
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1. Formation of Aboriginal Co-ops a
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is even more striking when we look
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The dichotomous structure ofactivit
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2.2 Sectoraldistribution ofAborigin
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in sectors that are more labor inte
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77Table 2.3 ACTIVITIES OF A SAMPLE
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3. Organization of Aboriginal co-op
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The selling of Inuit art by individ
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caisses populaires Desjardins. The
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Both the Federal and Provincial Gov
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4.2 Sales GrowthIn this section, we
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products (basically food and hardwa
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in employment between 1993 and 1997
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health of co-ops in general. Unlike
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“overcapitalization” by Aborigi
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5. Relative Performance of Consumer
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5.3 Consumer Products and Food Sale
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The “Aboriginal” member spends
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to other consumer co-ops.It was als
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Aboriginal) are more liquid than th
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6.2 EmploymentFigure 6.2 shows the
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Aboriginal workers could receive el
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of two major components: property (
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In short, Inuit co-ops are an impor
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115Table 6.3 Selected Statistics of
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some analysis that we felt was impo
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Aboriginal co-ops remain active in
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Indian Affairs and Northern Develop
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HIGHLIGHTS• Population, including
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PopulationFigure A.1 Population in
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Table A.1 Public School Enrollments
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Table A.4 Aboriginal Employment Rat
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were 13.7% and 20.7% respectively,
Page 134 and 135: Consumer Price Index (CPI)Figure A.
Page 136 and 137: D. Finance and InvestmentThis secti
Page 138 and 139: BibliographyCensus Dictionary, Fina
Page 140 and 141: FIGURE B1 A MAP OF CANADIAN ABORIGI
Page 142 and 143: ~ P E R S P E C T I V E S O F R E G
Page 158 and 159: 2.0 INCREASING SELF-RELIANCE2.1 LAN
Page 160 and 161: CANADA MORTGAGE AND HOUSING CORPORA
Page 162 and 163: 3.0 SUPPORTIVE BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
Page 166 and 167: INDIAN AND NORTHERN AFFAIRS CANADA1
Page 168 and 169: 1.4 INNOVATION (FINANCIAL AND NON-F
Page 170 and 171: 2.2 WORKFORCE TRAINING AND EXPERIEN
Page 172 and 173: 3.2 CONNECTEDNESS INITIATIVESProgra
Page 176 and 177: 2.3 SOCIAL ASSISTANCE REFORMProgram
Page 178 and 179: Part 3: Provincial/Territorial Init
Page 180 and 181: ~ P R O V I N C I A L / T E R R I T
Page 218 and 219: A P P E N D I XCCo-operatives in Qu
Page 220 and 221: ~ C O - O P S I N Q U É B E C A B
Page 232 and 233: Bibliography[Quotes in the body of
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~ C O - O P S I N Q U É B E C A B
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~ C O - O P E R A T I V E S A N D C
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~ S T A T E M E N T O N T H E C O -
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~ M E T H O D O L O G Y2. In-Person
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~ M E T H O D O L O G Yissues; area
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A P P E N D I XHCase Study Guidelin
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~ C A S E S T U D I E SA P P E N D
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~ C A S E S T U D I E Sthe main foc
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~ C A S E S T U D I E Sthey sold, t
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~ C A S E S T U D I E Sboth in Sask
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~ C A S E S T U D I E Sestimate the
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~ C A S E S T U D I E SThey are les
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A P P E N D I X I ~have been diffic
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A P P E N D I X I ~arts and crafts.
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A P P E N D I X I ~286 ~
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A P P E N D I X I ~288 ~
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~ C A S E S T U D I E SIkaluktutiak
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A P P E N D I X I ~In order to meet
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A P P E N D I X I ~and recently dra
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A P P E N D I X I ~The bakery was s
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A P P E N D I X I ~Bill describes h
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A P P E N D I X I ~Reasons for Succ
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A P P E N D I X I ~Bill states, “
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A P P E N D I X I ~The future looks
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A P P E N D I X I ~communities in C
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A P P E N D I X I ~third parties wh
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A P P E N D I X I ~measure of confi
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A P P E N D I X I ~BibliographyPape
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A P P E N D I X I ~number of areas,
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A P P E N D I X I ~although the org
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A P P E N D I X I ~BibliographyPape
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A P P E N D I X I ~Apaqtukewaq Fish
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A P P E N D I X I ~ManagementIn the
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A P P E N D I X I ~Anishinabek Nati
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A P P E N D I X I ~termed Aborigina
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A P P E N D I X I ~Profitable Proje
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A P P E N D I X I ~ANCU will only b
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A P P E N D I X I ~3. Funding is se
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A P P E N D I X I ~knowledgeable ab
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A P P E N D I X I ~Native Inter-Tri
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A P P E N D I X I ~are both working
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A P P E N D I X I ~local school and
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A P P E N D I X I ~We found that th
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A P P E N D I X I ~In return for th
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A P P E N D I X I ~When they do hav
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A P P E N D I X I ~The two NITH int
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A P P E N D I X I ~for anyone to us
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A P P E N D I X I ~youth of the com
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A P P E N D I X I ~Community Involv
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A P P E N D I X I ~Advice to Others
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A P P E N D I X I ~Neechi Foods Co-
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A P P E N D I X I ~Community Impact
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A P P E N D I X I ~few years as a r
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A P P E N D I X I ~The worker co-op
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A P P E N D I X I ~Since the start
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A P P E N D I X I ~to urban Native
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A P P E N D I X I ~December because
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A P P E N D I X I ~Social Attitudes
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A P P E N D I X I ~years ago. The o
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A P P E N D I X I ~sources can be m
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A P P E N D I X I ~Wilp Sa Maa’y
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A P P E N D I X I ~opened an accoun
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A P P E N D I X I ~grow on the coas
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A P P E N D I X I ~We also need to
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A P P E N D I X I ~• We gave pres
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A P P E N D I X I ~its direction. (
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A P P E N D I XJAdditional Case Stu
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A P P E N D I X J : A D D I T I O N
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A P P E N D I X K : T H E C O N S U
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