Aboriginal Co-operatives in Canada - Centre for the Study of Co ...

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5. Relative Performance of Consumer Co-opsIn section 5, we discuss the performance of Aboriginal consumer co-ops in relation to allconsumer co-ops in Canada. Some of the comparisons will also include the Canadian retailsector, whenever possible, to give a more general comparison framework. Note that the analysisof Aboriginal consumer co-ops is most of the time biased toward the Canadian North, because90% of the Aboriginal volume of business is carried out in the North.5.1 Average membershipAll ConsumerFigure 5.1 Membership in Average ConsumerCo-op: Aboriginal Vs AllAt the Canadian level,5,500420membership of the average5,187400consumer co-op increased at a5,0004,814 399steady rate from 1993 to4,4703804,5001997. But for the average4,0363604,000Aboriginal consumer co-op3,684343340there was no growth between3,5001993 and 1995. However,327 326327320from 343 members in 1996,3,0003001993 1994 1995 1996 1997Yearsthe number of members of theaverage Aboriginal co-opAll Consumer Aboriginal Consumerjumped to almost 400. The membership of the average consumer co-op was 13 times that of theAboriginal consumer co-op in 1997. A higher clientele basin in non-Aboriginal locations ensuresa higher membership for the non-Aboriginal co-op.All Aboriginal5.2 Full-time Employees and SalariesEven though Aboriginalconsumer co-ops are strugglingcontinuously against financialdifficulties (primarily due tohigh transportation costs in theNorth), they are stillconsidered the home ofstability for Aboriginalworkers. Between 1993 andAll Consumer27.0026.5026.0025.5025.0024.5024.0023.5023.0022.5022.00Figure 5.2 Number of Full-time Employees in anAverage Consumer Co-op: Aboriginal Vs All23.7112.9114.5423.8924.8514.3815.8025.711993 1994 1995 1996 1997All ConsumerYearAboriginal Consumer16.5026.4917.0016.5016.0015.5015.0014.5014.0013.5013.0012.5012.00Aboriginal Consumer97
1997, the average consumer co-op recorded an annual increase of 2.8% for full-timeemployment. During the same period, the average Aboriginal consumer co-op recruited 6.5%more full-time workers annually. Because Aboriginal consumer co-ops evolve in a lesscompetitive environment than southern consumer non-Aboriginal co-ops, they seem to be lessvulnerable to economic downturns and the need for restructuring − often in conjunction withhuman resource reduction − is less obvious.Figure 5.3 A Comparison of Average Salaries (Full-TimeEquivalents)The number of full-time40,000equivalent workers in the34,62335,00032,93332,872 32,43633,178Canadian retail sector was30,00026,16726,214 26,247computed using national24,25525,000averages 19 20,93519,81620,40520,595. Aboriginal20,00026,73421,377consumer co-ops appear topay salaries higher than the15,00010,0005,000Canadian retail sector. The0big difference in salaries (over1993 1994 1995 1996 1997Years25%) could be the result ofextrapolation of the retailRetail Sector All Consumer Aboriginal Consumersector full-time workers by the national average. Since the retail sector has proportionately morepart-time workers than the Canadian average 20 , then the full-time salaries of the retail sectorshould probably be close to those in Aboriginal consumer co-ops. It is interesting to note thatAboriginal consumer co-ops employ more full-time workers than other consumer co-ops. In1997, only about 11% of the workers in Aboriginal co-ops had part-time positions, but 42% ofworkers in consumer co-ops were working part-time. Even though the Canadian retail sector isdoing poorly compared to the co-ops, it is nonetheless increasing the salaries of its workers in amore consistent manner (+1.9% annually between 1993 and 1997) than its co-op competitors(-1.0% and +0.7% annually for consumer and Aboriginal consumer co-ops, respectively).$19 At the Canadian level, a part-time worker works approximately one third of the time of a full-timeworker. The number of full-time equivalent workers was calculated as the sum of full-time workers plusone third of all part-time workers.20 In 1996, the average number of hours worked weekly by paid workers in Canada was 33. For the retailsector, it was only 30 hours. This difference indicates that the retail sector has proportionately more parttimeworkers than the average Canadian sector (Statistics Canada CANSIM matrices I190201 andI190243).98
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A REPORT ONAboriginalCo-operativesi
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Copyright © 2001 Centre for the St
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A B O R I G I N A L C O - O P E R A
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A B O R I G I N A L C O - O P E R A
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Table of ContentsExecutive Summary
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F O R E W O R DThe Nature of This S
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~ F O R E W O R DCo-operatives are
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C H A P T E RO N EThe Current State
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~ T H E C U R R E N T S T A T EGove
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~ T H E C U R R E N T S T A T EFirs
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~ T H E C U R R E N T S T A T ESelf
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~ T H E C U R R E N T S T A T EUnde
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~ T H E C U R R E N T S T A T EThir
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~ T H E C U R R E N T S T A T Eretu
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~ T H E C U R R E N T S T A T Ehave
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~ T H E C U R R E N T S T A T Epatt
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~ T H E C U R R E N T S T A T EOngo
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~ T H E C U R R E N T S T A T Epote
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~ E M E R G I N G T H E M E SThe ne
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~ E M E R G I N G T H E M E SEmergi
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~ E M E R G I N G T H E M E Sl’Ou
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~ E M E R G I N G T H E M E SConclu
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~ E M E R G I N G T H E M E SAkochi
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Page 52 and 53: ~ T H E P O T E N T I A L F O R G R
Page 62 and 63: APPENDIX APART 1Socio-Economic Prof
Page 64 and 65: 5. Relative performance of consumer
Page 66 and 67: Every year, the Co-operatives Secre
Page 68 and 69: 1. Formation of Aboriginal Co-ops a
Page 70 and 71: is even more striking when we look
Page 72 and 73: The dichotomous structure ofactivit
Page 74 and 75: 2.2 Sectoraldistribution ofAborigin
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Page 78 and 79: 77Table 2.3 ACTIVITIES OF A SAMPLE
Page 80 and 81: 3. Organization of Aboriginal co-op
Page 82 and 83: The selling of Inuit art by individ
Page 84 and 85: caisses populaires Desjardins. The
Page 86 and 87: Both the Federal and Provincial Gov
Page 88 and 89: 4.2 Sales GrowthIn this section, we
Page 90 and 91: products (basically food and hardwa
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Page 94 and 95: health of co-ops in general. Unlike
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Page 100 and 101: 5.3 Consumer Products and Food Sale
Page 102 and 103: The “Aboriginal” member spends
Page 104 and 105: to other consumer co-ops.It was als
Page 106 and 107: Aboriginal) are more liquid than th
Page 108 and 109: 6.2 EmploymentFigure 6.2 shows the
Page 110 and 111: Aboriginal workers could receive el
Page 112 and 113: of two major components: property (
Page 114 and 115: In short, Inuit co-ops are an impor
Page 116 and 117: 115Table 6.3 Selected Statistics of
Page 118 and 119: some analysis that we felt was impo
Page 120 and 121: Aboriginal co-ops remain active in
Page 122 and 123: Indian Affairs and Northern Develop
Page 124 and 125: HIGHLIGHTS• Population, including
Page 126 and 127: PopulationFigure A.1 Population in
Page 128 and 129: Table A.1 Public School Enrollments
Page 130 and 131: Table A.4 Aboriginal Employment Rat
Page 132 and 133: were 13.7% and 20.7% respectively,
Page 134 and 135: Consumer Price Index (CPI)Figure A.
Page 136 and 137: D. Finance and InvestmentThis secti
Page 138 and 139: BibliographyCensus Dictionary, Fina
Page 140 and 141: FIGURE B1 A MAP OF CANADIAN ABORIGI
Page 142 and 143: ~ P E R S P E C T I V E S O F R E G
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~ P E R S P E C T I V E S O F R E G
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2.0 INCREASING SELF-RELIANCE2.1 LAN
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CANADA MORTGAGE AND HOUSING CORPORA
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3.0 SUPPORTIVE BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
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INDIAN AND NORTHERN AFFAIRS CANADA1
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1.4 INNOVATION (FINANCIAL AND NON-F
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2.2 WORKFORCE TRAINING AND EXPERIEN
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3.2 CONNECTEDNESS INITIATIVESProgra
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2.3 SOCIAL ASSISTANCE REFORMProgram
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Part 3: Provincial/Territorial Init
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~ P R O V I N C I A L / T E R R I T
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A P P E N D I XCCo-operatives in Qu
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Bibliography[Quotes in the body of
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~ M E T H O D O L O G Y2. In-Person
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~ M E T H O D O L O G Yissues; area
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A P P E N D I XHCase Study Guidelin
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~ C A S E S T U D I E SA P P E N D
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~ C A S E S T U D I E Sthe main foc
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~ C A S E S T U D I E Sthey sold, t
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~ C A S E S T U D I E Sboth in Sask
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~ C A S E S T U D I E Sestimate the
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~ C A S E S T U D I E SThey are les
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A P P E N D I X I ~have been diffic
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A P P E N D I X I ~arts and crafts.
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A P P E N D I X I ~286 ~
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A P P E N D I X I ~288 ~
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~ C A S E S T U D I E SIkaluktutiak
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A P P E N D I X I ~In order to meet
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A P P E N D I X I ~and recently dra
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A P P E N D I X I ~The bakery was s
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A P P E N D I X I ~Bill describes h
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A P P E N D I X I ~Reasons for Succ
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A P P E N D I X I ~Bill states, “
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A P P E N D I X I ~The future looks
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A P P E N D I X I ~communities in C
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A P P E N D I X I ~third parties wh
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A P P E N D I X I ~measure of confi
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A P P E N D I X I ~BibliographyPape
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A P P E N D I X I ~number of areas,
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A P P E N D I X I ~although the org
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A P P E N D I X I ~BibliographyPape
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A P P E N D I X I ~Apaqtukewaq Fish
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A P P E N D I X I ~ManagementIn the
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A P P E N D I X I ~Anishinabek Nati
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A P P E N D I X I ~termed Aborigina
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A P P E N D I X I ~Profitable Proje
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A P P E N D I X I ~ANCU will only b
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A P P E N D I X I ~3. Funding is se
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A P P E N D I X I ~knowledgeable ab
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A P P E N D I X I ~Native Inter-Tri
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A P P E N D I X I ~are both working
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A P P E N D I X I ~local school and
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A P P E N D I X I ~We found that th
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A P P E N D I X I ~In return for th
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A P P E N D I X I ~When they do hav
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A P P E N D I X I ~The two NITH int
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A P P E N D I X I ~for anyone to us
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A P P E N D I X I ~youth of the com
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A P P E N D I X I ~Community Involv
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A P P E N D I X I ~Advice to Others
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A P P E N D I X I ~Neechi Foods Co-
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A P P E N D I X I ~Community Impact
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A P P E N D I X I ~few years as a r
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A P P E N D I X I ~The worker co-op
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A P P E N D I X I ~Since the start
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A P P E N D I X I ~to urban Native
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A P P E N D I X I ~December because
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A P P E N D I X I ~Social Attitudes
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A P P E N D I X I ~years ago. The o
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A P P E N D I X I ~sources can be m
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A P P E N D I X I ~Wilp Sa Maa’y
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A P P E N D I X I ~opened an accoun
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A P P E N D I X I ~grow on the coas
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A P P E N D I X I ~We also need to
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A P P E N D I X I ~• We gave pres
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A P P E N D I X I ~its direction. (
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A P P E N D I XJAdditional Case Stu
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A P P E N D I X J : A D D I T I O N
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A P P E N D I X K : T H E C O N S U
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