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176would do better to believe him when he tells them that the Nash bargainingsolution has nothing to commend it as an ethical concept.The use of modals illustrates the ways reviewers can use validity markers totemper the amount of certainty they attach to a statement to save face, by leaving amargin of error in their judgments or by leaving space for the reader to disagree. Byusing unhedged verbs, the reviewer may want to be emphatic to convince the reader ofthe validity of her judgment of the book.(iv) Attitude Markers, e.g., ‘especially’, ‘unfortunately’, ‘surprising(ly)’, ‘simply’,‘clearly’, ‘obviously’, ‘admirably’, ’rather’, ‘extremely’:[C#15] (Sub-function 9) This volume is extremely useful for everyone workingon synthetic, pharmacological or clinical aspects of anthracyclines or onantitumor therapy in general. Nowadays it is hardly possible for an individual toread every original paper which has an interdisciplinary connection with thistopic. This collective volume makes it easier to see beyond the confines of one'sown special field.[L#4] (Sub-function 9) Unfortunately, this section is essentially episodic,anecdotal, and speculative in its conclusions, and thus stands in sharp contrast tothe rest of the monograph, where the studies have been carefully conducted andthe data analyzed with interesting results.[E#3] (Sub-function 9) For a book by economists there is a surprising failure toexplore the economic motivations of the protagonists.(v) Preparatory lexical phrases that act as predicting devices for evaluation. Veryoften, these lexical phrases start with explicit reference to the book or its parts, e.g.,‘The book has many good points’, ‘The book suffers from a few defects’: