A Concise Encyclopedia of Hinduism Klaus K Klostermaie
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99 kriyä<br />
Indian kingdom. There also was a gradation<br />
among kings: a ‘great king’<br />
(mahäräja or räjädiräja) usually had<br />
several lesser kings (räjas) as vassals.<br />
(See also CÄŒAKYA.)<br />
kinnaras, also kimpurusas<br />
(‘what men?’)<br />
Mythical beings with human bodies and<br />
horses’ heads, celestial musicians and<br />
dancers, who live in KUBERA’s paradise.<br />
kïrtaæa<br />
Praising, singing, usually in the context<br />
<strong>of</strong> religious worship, mainly <strong>of</strong><br />
Vi•æu–Kø•æa.<br />
kleÿa (‘affliction’)<br />
Used generally and also specifically in<br />
the YOGA SÜTRAS to identify the motive<br />
for seeking LIBERATION.<br />
early Indian history, editor <strong>of</strong><br />
BHARTØHARI’s Ÿatakatraya.<br />
Kotai<br />
See ANfiÄL.<br />
krama-päflha<br />
A special way <strong>of</strong> reading the Veda, in<br />
which every word is read twice, first<br />
combined with the preceding word, and<br />
then with the following.<br />
Kramrisch, Stella (1898–1996)<br />
Austrian-born scholar specializing in<br />
Indian art and architecture, author <strong>of</strong><br />
The Hindu Temple (1949), and <strong>of</strong> many<br />
groundbreaking essays: The Presence <strong>of</strong><br />
Ÿiva (1981), for many years curator <strong>of</strong><br />
the Museum for Indian art in<br />
Philadelphia. She influenced a whole<br />
generation <strong>of</strong> Indian art historians.<br />
knowledge<br />
See JÑÄNA; VIDYÄ.<br />
Koil Olugu (‘temple history’)<br />
Tamil chronicle <strong>of</strong> ŸRÏRA¢GAM, describing<br />
the vicissitudes <strong>of</strong> that famous temple<br />
since the Middle Ages. It is an<br />
important source for the history <strong>of</strong><br />
ŸRÏVAIÆŒAVISM.<br />
Konärka<br />
Also known as the ‘Black Pagoda’, a<br />
13th-century Sun temple on the shores<br />
<strong>of</strong> the Bay <strong>of</strong> Bengal, in Orissa, famous<br />
for its architecture (it is conceived as the<br />
gigantic chariot <strong>of</strong> the sun, drawn by<br />
seven horses) and its erotic sculpture,<br />
probably connected with tantric cults.<br />
Kosambi, Damodar<br />
Dharmanand (1907–66)<br />
Mathematician, author <strong>of</strong> works on<br />
Krishna Prem (1898–1965)<br />
Born Ronald Nixon in Britain, he was<br />
initiated as a Vai•æava VAIRÄGI and lived<br />
and taught at a small ashram in Almora.<br />
He wrote several popular books on<br />
Vai•æavism and became well known in<br />
India.<br />
Krishnamurti, Jiddu<br />
(1895–1990)<br />
Educated at ADYAR by Annie BESANT,<br />
who expected him to be the AVATÄRA <strong>of</strong><br />
the 20th century, he dissociated himself<br />
from the Theosophical Society and<br />
became a popular speaker and writer on<br />
spirituality in his own right, claiming<br />
not to follow any system. Among his<br />
works are Immortal Friend, Life, the<br />
Goal and The Awakening <strong>of</strong><br />
Intelligence.<br />
kriyä<br />
(‘[ritual] action’)<br />
Personified as a child <strong>of</strong> Dharma.