A Concise Encyclopedia of Hinduism Klaus K Klostermaie
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cow 52<br />
the physical universe. (See also TIME,<br />
DIVISIONS OF.)<br />
cow<br />
(go, gomätä)<br />
‘Mother Cow’, held sacred by Hindus<br />
as the seat <strong>of</strong> many gods. Killing a cow<br />
was considered one <strong>of</strong> the most heinous<br />
crimes and was heavily punished. Many<br />
contemporary Hindu political movements<br />
agitate for a complete ban on<br />
cow slaughter, which is forbidden in<br />
many Indian states. Affluent Hindus<br />
establish in many places goÿäläs, homes<br />
for old cows, who are fed and cared for<br />
until they die a natural death. Many<br />
ancient rituals involve cows, and the<br />
five products <strong>of</strong> the cow (milk, curds,<br />
butter, urine, dung) are highly priced<br />
for their purity which they pass on<br />
when applied to the human body.<br />
Kø•æa, who also is known as Gopäla<br />
(protector <strong>of</strong> cows), is <strong>of</strong>ten depicted in<br />
the guise <strong>of</strong> a cowherd, and the cowherd<br />
girls (GOPÏS) are considered the best<br />
models <strong>of</strong> devotion to him.<br />
creation (sø•flhi)<br />
The first <strong>of</strong> the three divine cosmic functions,<br />
<strong>of</strong>ten associated with BRAHMÄ.<br />
Creation stories figure prominently in<br />
the Puräæas. The Veda has two versions<br />
<strong>of</strong> a creation myth: in the first the mythical<br />
human, PURUÆA (1), is sacrificed and<br />
out <strong>of</strong> his body the four CASTES are created.<br />
In the second the whole universe is<br />
fashioned by Väc (word). Some Puräæas<br />
mention several creations: the first was<br />
unsuccessful because <strong>of</strong> lack <strong>of</strong> will to<br />
procreate among the first creatures.<br />
Since creation is a process, it will find an<br />
end and the universe will return to its<br />
pre-creation state. Hindu theologians<br />
emphasize that there was no need for<br />
God to create the universe, and that the<br />
divine creative activity is more like a<br />
game (LÏLÄ). (See also ANNIHILATION;<br />
SUSTENANCE; WORLD EGG.)<br />
cremation (smäsana)<br />
The most frequently employed mode <strong>of</strong><br />
disposal <strong>of</strong> dead bodies. It is believed<br />
that the fire that consumes the body will<br />
transform it into a higher form.<br />
Cremation follows a set <strong>of</strong> ancient rules<br />
and is usually done in specially chosen<br />
places outside towns and villages.<br />
Normally only members <strong>of</strong> the immediate<br />
family are allowed to witness cremation.<br />
Ancient taboos regarding pollution<br />
by being associated with a corpse are<br />
still maintained. SAMNYÄSIS are not cremated<br />
but buried, because they perform<br />
a symbolic self-cremation as part <strong>of</strong><br />
their rites <strong>of</strong> initiation. LI¢GÄYATS, a<br />
reformist Hindu sect, also bury their<br />
dead.