A Concise Encyclopedia of Hinduism Klaus K Klostermaie
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133 Päæinï<br />
Pañcatantra<br />
(fifth century CE)<br />
A collection <strong>of</strong> moral tales and fables in<br />
five (pañca) books (tantra), by<br />
Vi•æuÿarman, for the teaching <strong>of</strong> nïti<br />
(ethics) to young people. Its stories have<br />
been <strong>of</strong>ten retold and translated into<br />
many languages. Many <strong>of</strong> Aesop’s<br />
fables are believed to be derived from it.<br />
pañcäyata (‘council <strong>of</strong> five’)<br />
A traditional committee <strong>of</strong> five members<br />
<strong>of</strong> the same CASTE, to oversee<br />
observance <strong>of</strong> caste rules. After independence<br />
pañcäyats were introduced all<br />
over India as village councils to decide<br />
on all issues concerning the interest <strong>of</strong><br />
the local population.<br />
pañcäyätana püjä<br />
(‘the [simultaneous] worship <strong>of</strong> five<br />
deities’)<br />
The worship <strong>of</strong> Gaæeÿa, Sürya, Vi•æu,<br />
Ÿiva and Devï was reputedly introduced<br />
by ŸA¢KARA (2) to reconcile the various<br />
Hindu SAßPRADÄYAS. The practice suggests<br />
that all the various deities are but appearances<br />
<strong>of</strong> the one (invisible) BRAHMAN.<br />
Päæõavas<br />
The five putative sons <strong>of</strong> Päæõu, who<br />
was deterred by a curse from fathering<br />
his own children. While out hunting one<br />
day he shot an antelope that was in the<br />
process <strong>of</strong> mating. The dying animal, a<br />
transformed ØÆI (sage), cursed him with<br />
death during sexual intercourse. He<br />
therefore refused to sleep with his two<br />
wives, and asked them to summon gods<br />
to father children for him. Kuntï, his<br />
first wife, had YUDHIÆfiHIRA from<br />
Dharma, BHÏMA from Väyu and ARJUNA<br />
from Indra. Mädrï, his second and<br />
favourite wife, had NAKULA and<br />
SAHADEVA from the Aÿvins. However,<br />
one day desire overcame him, and he<br />
died during intercourse with Mädrï,<br />
who ascended his funeral pyre at his<br />
wish, and became SATÏ. Since the five<br />
Päæõava brothers were the sons <strong>of</strong> his<br />
two wives, they were treated as his sons.<br />
They were one <strong>of</strong> the major groups <strong>of</strong><br />
protagonists in the Mahäbhärata.<br />
Pandharpur<br />
Place <strong>of</strong> pilgrimage in Mahärä•flra,<br />
sacred to Viflflal or Viflflhobä (a form <strong>of</strong><br />
Vi•æu) made famous by TUKÄRÄM and<br />
his followers, the Värkarïs.<br />
paæõita (‘learned’)<br />
An honorific applied to high personalities.<br />
Päæõu (‘the pale’)<br />
Brother <strong>of</strong> Dhøtarä•flra, king <strong>of</strong><br />
Hastinäpura. (See also MAHÄBHÄRATA;<br />
PÄŒ¥AVAS.)<br />
Päæõya<br />
A realm and a dynasty in South India,<br />
from c. 500 BCE to c. 1700 CE. The<br />
Päæõyas derive their name and origin<br />
from the PÄŒ¥AVAS. The early history<br />
and the extent <strong>of</strong> the kingdom is uncertain.<br />
Several Päæõya rulers invaded Ÿrï<br />
Laökä, and they feuded with the<br />
PALLAVAS, the Ceras and the COLAS,<br />
whom they supplanted in the 13th century<br />
as the leading power <strong>of</strong> South<br />
India. One <strong>of</strong> their rulers, Neduvarman<br />
(c. 700 CE) became a ŸAIVA after marrying<br />
a Cola princess, and had 8,000 Jains<br />
killed in MADURAI. One branch <strong>of</strong> the<br />
Päæõyas, the Nayyakas (1420–1736)<br />
became famous as builders <strong>of</strong> magnificent<br />
temples, including the Mïnäk•ï<br />
temple at MADURAI (1600–50), the<br />
Raöganätha temple in ŸRÏRA¢GAM<br />
(1620–89), and the huge temple at<br />
RAMEŸVARAM.<br />
Päæinï (sixth century BCE)<br />
The most celebrated Indian grammarian,<br />
author <strong>of</strong> the AÆfiÄDHYÄYÏ (‘eight-chapter-work’),<br />
considered one <strong>of</strong> the greatest