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Exhibit 4.15 Finding the future value of an ordinary annuity: Excel example 9. Note that deposits are discounted in the Exhibit 4.16 payment schedule. We will forgo solving for PVA N using the algebraic formula and instead use Excel to solve for PVA N (see Exhibit 4.17). PVA N = Present value of annuity at the end of a time period N I = Interest = 7% N = Number of periods = 10 PMT = $500 Present value of the annuity = $3,511.79 Exhibit 4.16 Payment schedule for ordinary annuity.
Exhibit 4.17 Finding the present value of an ordinary annuity: Excel example 10. Additional Exercise Calculating PVA N Using Excel See Exhibit 4.18. Annuity = $2,000 N = 15 I = 0.5% I = 3.5% I = 6.5% I = 7.0% I = 9.5% Amortized Loans Money borrowed from banks or other sources to purchase items such as factory machinery, inventory, personal residences, or automobiles is expected to be paid back over time. When the money is lent, an agreement is reached with the lender for the borrower to repay the loan, with interest, in a specified time. We generally agree to pay the lender back in equal installments, which may be weekly, bimonthly, monthly, or annually, over a specific period of time, and at a specific interest rate.
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Table of Contents Title Page Copyri
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Chapter 6 - Planning Capital Expend
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For Further Reading Part IV - Manag
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Successful Postmerger Implementatio
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This book is printed on acid-free p
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Syllabus How Chapter Topics in This
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Some of these experts are full-time
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About the Contributors Richard T. B
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Advances in Quantitative Analysis o
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enterprise development. Dr. Zachara
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The left side shows Nutrimin‟s in
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Gail, let‟s go over this balance
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Gail, do you have any questions abo
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11. Not all expenses are cash outfl
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Financial Statements: Who Uses Them
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profitability to keep investing for
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Financial Accounting Standards It i
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Downloadable Resources for this cha
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Next, we explain each of these thre
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liquidity. Or, more simply, achievi
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If these ratios are seriously defic
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The debt-to-equity ratio is evaluat
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year 1 to year 3. The net effect wa
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to rate of return on the equity. Th
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Other types of comparisons of finan
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income/sales), asset turnover (sale
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successful businesspeople should ha
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More than a decade ago, a special c
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companies is used for illustration.
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The identification of nonrecurring
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The Dow Chemical single-step income
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is a pretax measure, but income fro
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Sources: Companies‟ annual report
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Exhibit 3.11 Examples of discontinu
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amortization purposes, the Company
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Examples of nonrecurring items disc
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During Fiscal 2006, inventory quant
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The nonrecurring items of Boston Sc
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The disclosure presented earlier in
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gains or losses that appear as part
Page 84 and 85: ecurring as for Kimberly-Clark, the
Page 86: Summarizing Nonrecurring Items and
Page 89 and 90: This example of using the SEB works
Page 92 and 93: Exhibit 3.27 Other income (expense)
Page 97 and 98: Source: Pfizer, Inc., annual report
Page 99 and 100: Exhibit 3.30 Acquisitions note: Pfi
Page 101 and 102: Source: Pfizer, Inc., annual report
Page 103 and 104: Exhibit 3.33 Cost-reduction initiat
Page 105 and 106: Exhibit 3.36 Share-based payment no
Page 107: The Pfizer Worksheet Analysis: Down
Page 110 and 111: Some Further Points on the Pfizer W
Page 112 and 113: • It is common to treat items as
Page 114 and 115: FedEx Corporation (2007) First Sola
Page 116 and 117: 1 The American Institute of Certifi
Page 118 and 119: 28 These alternative translation me
Page 120 and 121: If you need some instruction in Exc
Page 122 and 123: To solve using Excel, open your Exc
Page 124 and 125: As you can see from the previous ex
Page 126 and 127: C6 = 5 • Now enter the “=” si
Page 128 and 129: Ordinary Annuity An ordinary annuit
Page 130 and 131: To confirm that the number of payme
Page 132 and 133: The FV of this first payment into t
Page 136 and 137: Exhibit 4.18 Finding the present va
Page 138 and 139: From Exhibit 4.20, we see that as t
Page 140 and 141: Exhibit 4.22 Amortization schedule
Page 142 and 143: Exhibit 4.25 Regular cash flows wit
Page 144: Internet Links For Further Reading
Page 148 and 149: Investors who are risk averse will
Page 150 and 151: considering the risk of a single as
Page 152 and 153: Portfolio Risk Stand-alone risk is
Page 154 and 155: In spite of unique or diversifiable
Page 156 and 157: If a particular stock is highly sus
Page 158 and 159: The formula tells us that, to begin
Page 160 and 161: for the entire market of stocks sin
Page 162 and 163: The dividend per share for preferre
Page 164 and 165: If you are able to determine the cu
Page 166 and 167: Debt finance is the lower-cost meth
Page 168 and 169: We don‟t observe many firms whose
Page 170 and 171: Capital Structure in Practice Finan
Page 172 and 173: are able to observe regularities in
Page 174 and 175: dividends and capital gains. We wil
Page 176 and 177: where EBIT is earnings before inter
Page 178 and 179: Since long-term debt holders have a
Page 180 and 181: accept more investment projects. Re
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A beer company is considering build
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accounts receivable, and tabulates
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profit by the tax rate determines t
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Accounting profit often mixes varia
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The concept that future cash flows
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Like project A, project C also cost
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The after-tax interest rate is the
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equal mix of debt and equity, its d
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The payback period rule stipulates
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The IRR rule is appealing in that i
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complete with its real options is g
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What does it matter that one invest
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Exhibit 7.3 Time line in dollars an
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There are a number of countries in
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eturn of 10% on its investments in
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Exhibit 7.12 Summary of exchange ra
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and so will the value of the liabil
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Source: CIA, World Factbook, availa
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Exhibit 7.18 Net present value of c
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equired interest payments to be pai
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So if the assistant treasurer was r
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This theory is far from perfect, as
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The Consulting Firm Jennifer, Jean,
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part by a statute, the Uniform Limi
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formation in Delaware (or any state
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purpose of requiring qualification.
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Phil‟s death may terminate the bu
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the transfer. This means that if Br
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These rules extend to tort liabilit
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In the absence of a meeting, stockh
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A more detailed discussion on the b
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Partnerships If possible, the resul
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associated with this arrangement ar
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Partnerships are also not separate
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For most start-up businesses, howev
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form, even at the risk of some unli
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likely that our consultants will be
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Thus, the corporation and LLC, with
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It is not possible to fully describ
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usiness corporation for all purpose
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a cash-basis taxpayer to be taxed a
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The Tax Reform Act of 1986 substant
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limit is the product of the value o
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he would have spent anyway. In fact
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protect Brad from the scenario of h
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paying for the privilege. If the st
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The second tax scenario attaches to
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include that nullity in his taxable
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then the capital gain to be taxed h
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Most relevant to Morris is Section
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To begin with, the ESOP will have t
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general partner of a limited partne
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small businesses) is also subject t
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oth Lisa and Brad would be free to
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Assume that a limited liability com
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corporations, and had been audited
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There is plenty of blame from the c
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• An important study about top ma
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• The federal government made at
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$79.7 million for other services, a
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Budgets offer a variety of benefits
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determine the impact of specific pr
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Exhibit 11.2 Budget variance report
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udget, we just add more to it next
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income statement. The financial bud
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For a manufacturing company, cost o
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C&G‟s Gift Shop has a policy to m
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Meeting cash obligations as they co
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was unusually low, say, due to the
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A fixed budget, sometimes called a
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A large part of the budget selling
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• Centralized resource allocation
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Merewitz, Leonard, and Stephen H. S
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This chapter starts with a discussi
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Interestingly the numbers for quart
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Exhibit 12.4 Scenarion analysis.
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Pitfalls Although this analytic tec
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Exhibit 12.6 Variable cost element
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Variable Cost as a Function of Outp
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If scenario 2 yields a lower profit
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Microsoft certainly does not price
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If it is determined that dumping ha
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Leaving government agencies and not
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transaction processing. Each proces
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Exhibit 13.3 E-commerce transaction
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To summarize the analysis, the busi
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Capacity costs are probably the mos
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which it was, but for the inventory
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They called this strategic cost man
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A closer study, however, revealed s
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the benefits of business planning.
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The last type of plan is called a d
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The Business Plan We will progress
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Hook the Reader That means having t
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Industry The goal of this section i
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upscale suburban client who wants p
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Company and Product Description Com
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Exhibit 14.8 shows the competitive
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Exhibit 14.9a Advertising schedule.
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Scope of Operations What is the pro
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Development Time Line A development
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By law, most organization types req
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As mentioned in the development pla
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that can be depreciated, you should
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1 Special thanks to Matt Feczko, Mi
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For better or worse, the business e
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Leeson bet and lost. Japanese stock
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Between February and April 1994, Da
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LTCM could be picky when it came to
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An investor who wished to invest in
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Similarly, the swaps market has rev
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speculator would suffer losses equa
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American manufacturer will suffer l
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The ease with which futures facilit
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Exhibit 15.1 Call option payoff dia
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Exhibit 15.2 Payoff diagram for a w
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Notice that the put option payoff r
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Bank, owns a large block of NASDAQ
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can be tailored so that the money r
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Finally, the last step is to choose
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3 Fischer Black, who co-invented th
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not include assets that the firm ha
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Thus, a business valuation will usu
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Negative • Acme is highly depende
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Exhibit 16.3 Acme Manufacturing, In
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Profitability ratios reflect the re
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When we talk about the value of a b
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This example illustrates that with
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Income Approach: Discounted Cash Fl
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Exhibit 16.5 Acme Manufacturing, In
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Victoria explains that the second p
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Victoria analyzes Acme‟s audited
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In summary, the discounted cash flo
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Adjustment for Illiquidity As previ
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51% position sells for a higher pri
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examples. The proper application of
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The subject of this chapter is grow
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Finally, an acquisition can be effe
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M&A activity has been the focus of
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companies continue to make the same
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equals was taking on a distinctive
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Anatomy of a Successful Acquirer: T
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employees kept their original jobs
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where ΔCF t is the incremental cas
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where it‟s ultimately buried. Suc
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The following example summarizes th
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make sure that you are at least awa
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acquisition, there is no immediate
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its vascular business, which was so
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While all employees should be part
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makes strategic and financial sense
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Bhagat, Sanjai, Ming Dong, David Hi
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The 2008 financial crisis underscor
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Source: Plunkett’s Outsourcing &
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To summarize: Trends • Large numb
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Companies are becoming increasingly
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What steps should a company follow
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• Results of meetings with vendor
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• Breach of contract and remedies
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Assuming the project or service rev
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The answer is: profits. The company
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19 Information Technology and You D
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People‟s lives have been turned u
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its self-contained rechargeable bat
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Random-Access Memory (RAM) Random-a
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On laptop computers and PDAs, the s
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Operating System An operating syste
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the spreadsheet software together w
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Exhibit 19.5 Pro forma sales and in
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Database Software A database is a c
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Internet e-mail addresses often con
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Personal Finance Software There are
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There are several different approac
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One of the major attractions of the
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While not a new version of the Web
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industrial revolution, and has occu
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Dummies Inc. has a series of books
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organization. This chapter is desig
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As technology has evolved, the term
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While the software mentioned earlie
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Most of the focus of the investor c
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Data Access and OLAP Before the lat
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Exhibit 20.5 illustrates a differen
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Productivity Tools Workers expect t
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Client-server technology is based o
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Today, most programmers write in C+
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Exhibit 20.6 is a model of a typica
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No treatment of relational database
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Online analytical processing (OLAP)
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server) and the rest on the users
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the other operational departments w
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The world of business has changed d
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Chaffey, Dave, E-Commerce and E-Com
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According to the results of the sur
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understand the financial situation
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MBA graduates who are hoping to ent
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Summary Financial services opportun
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Let‟s begin with the “I left it
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MBA student: “Well, I go to [Grea
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Aiming for Your Goals For career ch
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Networking is generally regarded as
Page 611 and 612:
Let‟s begin with some key assumpt
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like, or moving ahead in the compan
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Accrual accounting: An accounting m
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Cash flow: Cash that is spent or re
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Distribution channel: A chain of in
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Goodwill: As it relates to valuatio
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Management’s discussion and analy
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Ordinary annuity: An annuity that p
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Securities and Exchange Commission
Page 632 and 633:
Vertical merger: A merger in which
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about activity-based costing progre
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Application systems ARPAnet Arthur
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Bell Labs Benefit measurement Beta
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goal orientation legal and contract
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segment information note share-base
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process of purpose of real world us
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uy/build decision capital budget in
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written resume Careers in corporate
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Cell Center for Research in Securit
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Compensation and ownership Competit
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Corporate culture Corporate debt in
Page 656 and 657:
profit planning from an internal pe
Page 658 and 659:
Data Data access and OLAP Database
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Askin Capital Management Barings Ba
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market approach publicly traded gui
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Electronic data interchange (EDI) E
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Extensible markup language (XML) Ex
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short term liquidity users and uses
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Fourth generation programming (4GL)
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Going private Going private transac
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Hypertext links Hypertext markup la
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Information technology and the firm
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International Accounting Standards
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Last-in-first out (LIFO) vs. curren
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Long call option payoff Longer-term
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Market risks Market size and struct
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Motivation to outsource Multiple IR
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Nonrecurring items defined disclosu
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Operational complexity Operational
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Outsourcing metrics Overhead Over-t
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Personal end game Personal expense
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Price competition Price decreases P
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Projected cash flow statements Proj
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Relevant range Relevant range assum
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Risk sharing Risk transfer Risk vs.
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Short call option payoff Short part
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Spot price Spreadsheet software Spr
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Summarizing nonrecurring items and
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acquisition the business dividends
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Timmon‟s Model of Opportunity Rec
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U.S. immigration quotas U.S. Intern
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discounting with discount rate form
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