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Task Analysis (Ccnt'd)
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Much of this will probably be just plain irrelevant to the needs of a potential
Vlt'meeer in a developing nation. If, on the other hand, we analyze the job,
r, we will soon be able to identify the knowledge a ad skills
which are essential for him to perform satisfactorily and to continue to develop
his skills. This should provide the basis of performance oriented i.nscruction.
1. JOB DESCRIPTION. The first step in developing
"Job description."
a task analysis
This
is
is
a
the frame or outline
description
from which
is
we
a general
work. A
statement
job
about what a person
tells
on
something
the job
about
does,
the
and
conditions under which
description
he does
of
them.
what
It
he
is
knows.
NOT a
Usually such a description
than a
is
few
short,
paragraphs.
not more
The following criteria describe a job description:
I, It tells what a person does;
2. It describes any special or unusual conditions under which he does
his job;
3. It includes all areas of performance e.g., technical, crosscultural
and language;
4. It is short.
An example of a simple job deicription is as follows:
VOCATION: Radio and Television Servicemen
He may be required to install, maintain and
and
service
frequency
amplitude
modulated home and auto receivers,
radios,
transistorized
black ,nd white and color televisions,
amplifiers
high fidelity
and tape recorders. He must be able to
diagrams
read circuit
and codes of values to select component
His
substitutes.
job requires meeting the public both in his
service
shop and
calls.
on
He may be required to drive
He rust
a car
be
or
able
truck.
to work at heights. He should be able to maintain
business records
A job
and
description
inventory.
sketches the outlines
not
of
adequate
high spots
as
of
a basis
the job,
of instruction--it
but it is
isn't
does,
sufficiently
however, provide
specific.
a guide
It
for the next step, task analysis.
II. TASK MALYSIS
A job invariably includes a number of tasks. A task is a set of
logically related actions required for completion of a job objective. It is
a complete job element.
An example of a partial task analysis for a service station
would
attendant
probably include the following tasks:
1. Cleans or replaces spark plugs;
2. Adjusts and bleeds brakes;
3. Replaces wheel cylinders;
4. Inspects and flushes radiators;
5. Tests antifreeze.
This differs from '?task detailing" which
steps
is
involved
an analysis
in completing
of each of
a task.
the
To illustrate this, look
of the
at
task
the
"cleans
detail
or replaces spark plugs."
1. Note plug location relative to the cylinder; remove plug cover,
2. Remove
leads;
all spark plugs;
3. Identify the type of plugs;
4. Decide whether to clean, adjust and/or replace plugs;
5. Adjust and clean plugs if appropriate;
6. Reinsert plugs in engine;
7. Connect Ignition wire to appropriat;e plugs;
8. Check engine firing;
9. Prepare bill for 140.99