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structure and set of expectations. They are now answerable for their work dctivities to a new review and documentation system that reports to a national level. 6.3 nther Development Issues The concept of village self-help was given new impetus and some elaboration by the approach taken in these workshops. Whereas participants in the workshops initially viewed villagers as only a source of labor for accomplishing changes (digging trenches for pipes or pits for latrines), they began to see that villagers had knowledge and skills that could be utilized or developed for motivating and educating others in good sanitation practices. If villagers are successful in bringing about changes in local health practices, energy and skills will be available for other development goals as well. The model of training local personnel to assist in the delivery of workshops was functional and can be applied to other development settings effectively. Even if only a tenth of the potential benefits of the technical assistance are realized, the cost-benefit ratio is extremely favorable. -19
APPENDIX A WATER AND SANITATION FOR HEALTH (WASH) PROJECT CRDER OF TECHNICAL DIRECTION (OTD) NUMBER 144 March 7, 1983 TO: Dr. Dennis Warner, Ph.D., P.E. WASH Contract Project Director FROM: Mr. Victor W.R. Wehman Jr., P.E., R.S. A L AID WASH Project Manager AID/S&T/H/%,S SUT JECT: Provision of Technical Assistance Under WASH Project Scope of Work for USAID/Malawi REFERENCES: A) Lilonrwe 00399, dated 2 Feb 1983 B) Government of Malawi Request for Assistance 1. WASH contractor reauested to provide technical assistance to USAID/alawi as per Ref A., para 1-6 with exception that one (1) consultant rather than the Two (2) requested will perform the services. 2. WASH contractor/subcontractor/consultants authorized to expend up to 84 person days of effort over a five (5) month period to accomplish this technicalssistance effort. 3. Contractor authorized to expend up to 70 person days of international and/or domestic per diem to accomplish this effort. 4. Contractor to coordinate with AFR/DR/HN (J. Shepperd),.AFR/DR/ENG (J. Snead), Malawi Desk Officer and USAID/PC/Malawi and should provide copies of this OTD along with any ETA information, or interim reports as may be requested by S&T/H/ATS, AFR/DR or USAID staff. 5. Contrac-'or authorized to provide up to one (1) international round trip from consultants home base through Washington D.C. (for briefing and preparation) to Malawi and return to consultants home base through Washington D.C. during life of this OTD. 6. Contractor authorized local travel for consultants in Mal~wi NTE t900 without the written approval of the AID WASH Project Manager. 7. Contractor authorized to obtain secretarial, graphics or reproduction or piecework assistance ( miscellaneous) services in Malawi or WASH CIC as necessary and appropriate to accomplish tasks. These services are in addition to the level of effort specified in para 2 and 3 above and NTE t1900 without the prior written approval of the AID WASH Project Manager. ,Drsser a hICK , Inc; -20 WASH PROJECT MAR 0 81983
Page 1 and 2: WATER AND SANITATION FORHEALTHPROJE
Page 3 and 4: WASH FIELD REPORT NO. 99 TRAINING I
Page 5 and 6: 4.6 Evaluation ... . ... ..........
Page 7 and 8: Staffing and transport requirements
Page 9 and 10: Malawi =area .,-Osok a . asama / '
Page 11 and 12: only one consultant) and by the Gov
Page 13 and 14: 3.1 Introduction Chapter 3 THE TRAI
Page 15 and 16: Wednesday Afternoon 1:30-5:30 pm -
Page 17 and 18: A cadre of trainers, some of them w
Page 19 and 20: 1. Learning by Doing; The workshop
Page 21 and 22: 4.5 Agenda The agenda for each of t
Page 23 and 24: The written examination on workshop
Page 25 and 26: 5.4 Production of Visual Aids Tangi
Page 27: Chapter 6 OUTCOMES AND CONCLUSIONS
Page 31 and 32: t+,I: IV W." M4 pl, FfOi€ AC +-,
Page 33 and 34: Tl\I' ING COLBULTAT TEIS OF REFERE1
Page 35 and 36: Participants: Leaders: Visitor: APP
Page 37 and 38: IoB.C& Vumbe J.W. Kanthalo A-It Chi
Page 39 and 40: APPENDIX E MAILYASTMES kIWMAYztix U
Page 41 and 42: SUPPLEMENT TO WASH FIELD REPORT NO.
Page 43 and 44: CONTENTS PAGE 1. INTRODUCTION 1. 1.
Page 45 and 46: 1.4 Site The TOT was held at Msamba
Page 47 and 48: 2.1 Tuesday Morning (Continued) Act
Page 49 and 50: 2.2 Wednesday Morning (Continued) T
Page 51 and 52: 2.3 Wednesday Afternoon (Continued)
Page 53 and 54: 2.4 Thursday Morning (Continued) Di
Page 55 and 56: 2.5 Thursday Afternoon (Continued)
Page 57 and 58: 2.7 Friday Afternoon (Continued) Th
Page 59 and 60: 3.1 Participant Responses to Evalua
Page 61 and 62: 4. Recommendations 4.1 More Time Du
Page 63 and 64: Participants: Leaders: Visitor: TRA
Page 65 and 66: THE LECTURETTE Description This is
Page 67 and 68: CASE STUDY AND CRITICAL INCIDENTS D
Page 69 and 70: Description INSTRUMENTATION Instrum
Page 71 and 72: Determine the number of role player
Page 73 and 74: GROUP DISCUSSION Description Center
Page 75 and 76: Don't allow one or more members to
Page 77 and 78: In a leadingquestion, the answer is
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.:.
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ABOUT DEMONSTRATIONS What A demonst
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When and Where Plan when and where
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8 Here is an outline for planning a
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CONDUCTING YOUR DEMONSTRATION E' 'T
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EVALUATE YOUR DEMONSTRATION Everyon
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WHO IS A LEADER? Anyone in the viil
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Some people have one kind and some
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ho meaning of "responsibility" fort
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joyed it. If you train leaders to d
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EXPER ,NTIAL TRAlLiG IETHODOLOGY Th
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D£.zing this phase it is not possi
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The Role of The Trainer in Experien
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Task Analysis (Ccnt'd) -2- Much of
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7aak-Ana.&sis (Cont 'd) -4- The nex
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Task Analysis (Cont'd) This, obviou
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1. ORDERS: "Don't do that anymore !
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MIN TASK: or = ±\owedereuie Codecs
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A Behavioral Objective is not conce
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Some of these actions might include
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-6- MAIN POINTS ABOUT FEH{VIORTL O3
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CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION 2. TRAININ
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Chapter 2 TRAINING SESSIONS 2.1 Int
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Project Background and Strategy (Co
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Village Leadership (Continued) NOTE
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2.4 Co-ordination with Water Depart
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2.5 Village Inspection Skills 3 hou
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Village Inspection Skills (Continue
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Review of Village Inspection Visit
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Evaluation of the workshop (Continu
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2.9 Sanitation Technology 5 hours O
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2.10 Introduction to Village Health
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2.11 What HE - 3 Adults to Learn 1
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What helps Adults to Learn (Continu
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2.12 Effective Questioning 1 hour O
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Effective Questioning (Continued) 3
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2.13 Leading a Discussion 3 1/2 hou
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Leading a Discussion (Continued) 4.
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Problem Analysis - Introduction, Pr
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2.15 Review of Problem Analysis Vil
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Review of Problem Analysis Village
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Communicable Diseases (Continued) 5
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2.17 infestations 50 minutes Object
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Diarrhea, Dehydration and Rehydrati
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Lesson Planning (Continued) LUNCH 7
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2.20 Giving Training Lessons 7 hour
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2.22 Final Review of Recording and
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1983 Project Objectives (Continued)
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Last Day (Continued) Activities: (C
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Newsprint - 500 sheets APPENDIX B T
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C-1 REPORT ON NATIOI&L SEMINAR FOR
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14 INTRODUCT ION _HEALTH OUCATION A
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4e RESOURCE PIMONS -3 A variety o
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-5-. OPINGQ SPEicII Seminar Partici
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-7- Participants then marked a pape
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-9- Each group should then discuss
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9 In addition to the.,alrcZy S; ' c
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0 FIRST R' P% ' par SC ticipation L
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* *o 0 *b. 0b. 10. PerSonaI-;l T'11
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T1 t S T ,aionsGrat rpit>~ inaon~ 0
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- 19 6a12 Deve len a Framiework
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- 21 - Question 6: How relovant wor
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4.4 Goais of the Workshop C-2 By th
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NAIE STATION c-4 1R&H DUOAION AND I
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C-6 FIGURE 6.3.1: STEPS IN PROJECT
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It should be kept in mind that the
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*.i 55.no4 S "5',01A W r'I ~ s- s.A
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5,6 Village Health Committee Traini
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5.8 VHC Follow-up Visits After the
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5.13 Continued Follow-up Visits To
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13 VIT4 AGINS)PC,I01T '13.1 Pupose
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13.4 What to Inspect There are thre
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13.4.1.6 Dish RacKs -5- Cccasionall
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13.4.3.1 .A.ellin7 Houses: The cond
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The number of households is very im
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TASK 14 Why People Behave in Unheal
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IUMDWCTION II- 1. Excreta-related d
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-3 9. Mosquitoes. Wet pits encourag
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- 20 35. The pit dimensions are
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C-12 LOOKING AT COMMUNITY LEADERSHI
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C-13 WHAT HELPS ADULTS TO LEARN? IN
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Refs No. -WSS/21/24 C-15 MINISTRY O
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C-16 MISTRy OF HEALTH HOSP. WORKSHO
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CONJUNCTIVIT IS ~c-i 7 Conjunctivit
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R=IYfRAT ION DehYdrati6n is a serio
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0 LESSON PLANNING What (Content) Ho
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C-22 CHAPTER 13 Janaki and Saraivwa
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So Janaki discussed the!se customs
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STORY TELLING AS A TOOL FOR TEACHIN
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In this book we use ,alot of storie
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S. Acting out stories In Lardin Gaa
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TASK 15 The Village Health Game STA
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C-25 HESP PROJECT OBJECTIVES By 31s
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PERCENTAGE RECKONER NUMBER OF LATRI
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HEALTH EDUCATION AND SANITATION PPC
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-----------------------------------
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- - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - -
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~*4~~ 7 co-, * a 0 0 0 Submitted by
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Nearest Health Unit (name, type) Vi
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Name__ SUNDAY -1 L MONDAY L L k'LHI
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- 2 6. Which of the following disea
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