Environmental Profiles of Chemical Flame-Retardant Alternatives for

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Vapor Pressure (torr//C) Reference 0.01/30 WHO, 1998; Akzo Nobel, 2001a,b 2.98 x10 -7 EPIWIN, 2000; v. 3.11 estimate Odor: Conclusion: The odor of this compound has been adequately characterized. Basis for Conclusion: Although no standardized tests are available for characterizing chemical odors, the two descriptions found are similar, and are consistent with the low volatility expected for this chemical. Odor Reference Mild Odor HSDB, 2003 Bland Odor Akzo Nobel, 2003 Oxidation/Reduction Chemical Incompatibility: No data Flammability: Conclusion: The flammability (as the flash point and autoignition temperature) has been adequately characterized. Basis for Conclusion: Studies on the flash point and autoingition temperature of this chemical were located and appear reasonable given the other physical/chemical properties available for this compound. Flash Point Reference 252/C (coc) WHO, 1998; HSDB, 2003 >107.22/C (Seta closed cup) Akzo Nobel, 2003 Autoignition Temperature Reference 512.77/C Akzo Nobel, 2003 Explosivity: No data Corrosion Characteristics: No data 3-42
pH: This chemical does not contain functional groups expected to influence the pH of aqueous solutions. Data for this endpoint are therefore not applicable. UV/Visible Adsorption: No data Viscosity: Conclusion: The viscosity of this chemical at various temperatures has been adequately characterized. Basis for Conclusion: Studies on the viscosity of this chemical were located and appear reasonable given the other physical/chemical properties available for this compound. Viscosity (cP) Reference 1,800 at 25/C WHO, 1998; Akzo Nobel, 2003 2,200 at 0/C Akzo Nobel, 2003 540 at 40/C Akzo Nobel, 2003 Density/Relative Density/Bulk Density: Conclusion: The density of this compound has been adequately characterized. Basis for Conclusion: Consistent data are provided in several reputable sources. Density Reference 1.52 at 25/C Specific gravity. WHO, 1998 1.5022 at 20/C Specific gravity. Budavari, 2001 (The Merck Index); Lewis, 2000 (Sax’s Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials) 1.48 kg/L at 25/C Bulk density. HSDB, 2003 Dissociation Constant in Water: This compound does not have functional groups that are expected to dissociate in water. This endpoint is therefore not applicable. Henry’s Law Constant: No data 3-43
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Volume 2 Chemical Hazard Reviews Fu
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LIST OF TABLES Page 1-1 Summary of
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Flame Retardant Alternatives Triphe
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Triphenyl Phosphate: Existing Data
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Type: Acute oral LD50 Species, stra
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concentration was much higher, but
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Vehicle: Not reported, but acute or
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• 90-Day Oral Toxicity in Rodents
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Subchronic Inhalation Toxicity: 90-
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hydroureter, enlarged ureter proxim
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NEUROTOXICITY Conclusion: The avail
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Critical Studies Type: Delayed neur
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Neurotoxicity (Adult) Conclusion: T
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Species, strain, sex, number: Rat,
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Type: Mitotic Gene Conversion Speci
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Study Reference Ahrens et al., 1978
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Study Reference Geiger et al., 1986
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Study Reference Mayer et al., 1981
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Study Reference Sasaki et al., 1981
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those reported in the publicly avai
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Algal Toxicity (OPPTS Harmonized Gu
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Study Reference Millington et al.,
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Chronic Toxicity to Fish (OPPT Harm
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Chronic Toxicity to Aquatic Inverte
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Log K ow Reference 4.63 Saeger, 197
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Oxidation/Reduction: No data Oxidat
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Bioconcentration Environmental Fate
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Fish Metabolism: Conclusion: The me
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Study Type/ Method Innoculum Acclim
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Sediment/Water Biodegradation: Conc
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References Ahrens, V; Henion, J; Ma
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Dorby, A; Keller, R. 1957. Vapor pr
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Johnson, MK. 1975. Organophosphorus
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Perry, R; Green, D. 1984. Vapor pre
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Flame Retardant Alternatives Tribro
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Tribromoneopentyl alcohol: Existing
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Results: Male mortality was 2/5 at
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Additional Study: An acute inhalati
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application, four rabbits displayed
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Bladder effects were seen in some o
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• Combined Repeated Dose Toxicity
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• Immunotoxicity (OPPTS Harmonize
Page 89 and 90: tissue, one with rabbit tissue) sug
Page 91 and 92: Acute Toxicity to Aquatic Organisms
Page 93 and 94: 1-Propanol, 2,2-dimethyl-, tribromo
Page 95 and 96: Environmental Fate Bioconcentration
Page 97 and 98: References AmeriBrom, Inc. 1982a. A
Page 99 and 100: Flame Retardant Alternatives Tris(1
Page 101 and 102: Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phospha
Page 103 and 104: Species, strain, sex, number: Rat,
Page 105 and 106: Results: No mortality after 14 days
Page 107 and 108: Additional Studies: Another study,
Page 109 and 110: occurred in treated groups compared
Page 111 and 112: high enough to induce significant r
Page 113 and 114: Doses: 0, 25, 100, and 400 mg/kg/da
Page 115 and 116: mid-dose of 20 mg/kg/day as a LOAEL
Page 117 and 118: Critical Studies Type: Acute oral d
Page 119 and 120: English summary and therefore could
Page 121 and 122: Basis for Conclusion: TDCPP has bee
Page 123 and 124: Gene Mutation in Vivo: C Sex-linked
Page 125 and 126: TDCPP administered as 2,000 mg/kg b
Page 127 and 128: Another study showed that the 96-ho
Page 129 and 130: Study Reference Akzo- Nobel, Inc.,
Page 131 and 132: Study Reference Sasaki et al., 1981
Page 133 and 134: Table 3-2. Summary of available acu
Page 135 and 136: hours (Unpublished study conducted
Page 137 and 138: Terrestrial Organism Toxicity Acute
Page 139: Oxidation/Reduction: No data Meltin
Page 143 and 144: Species Rate Comment Reference Kill
Page 145 and 146: Pyrolysis Products Reference When h
Page 147 and 148: Brusick, D; Matheson, D; Jagannath,
Page 149 and 150: Majeska, JB; Matheson, DW. 1983. Qu
Page 151 and 152: Thomas, MB; Collier, TA. 1985. Tolg
Page 153 and 154: Proprietary A: Chloroalkyl phosphat
Page 155 and 156: Proprietary A: Chloroalkyl phosphat
Page 157 and 158: Basis for Conclusion: The available
Page 159 and 160: Additional Studies and Information:
Page 161 and 162: Conclusion: The available subchroni
Page 163 and 164: Basis for Conclusion: No repeated-e
Page 165 and 166: Prenatal Developmental Toxicity Stu
Page 167 and 168: Combined Chronic Toxicity/Carcinoge
Page 169 and 170: Basis for Conclusion: The delayed n
Page 171 and 172: histopathological effects in the ne
Page 173 and 174: Immunotoxicity (OPPTS Harmonized Gu
Page 175 and 176: C In vitro Mammalian Cell Gene Muta
Page 177 and 178: Chromosomal Aberration in Vivo: C M
Page 179 and 180: Aquatic Organism Toxicity Ecotoxici
Page 181 and 182: Study Reference Species Tested Ref.
Page 185 and 186: Acute Toxicity to Freshwater Invert
Page 187 and 188: Chronic Toxicity to Freshwater and
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CAS MF MW SMILES Physical/Chemical
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Vapor Pressure (torr//C) Reference
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Study type/ Method Innoculum Acclim
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Flame Retardant Alternatives Propri
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Proprietary B: Aryl phosphate Exist
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ACUTE TOXICITY Human Health Endpoin
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Additional Studies and Information:
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were elevated in all treated groups
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Basis for Conclusion: No pertinent
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Experiment B. Doses were chosen bas
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These studies may be indicated, for
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• Mammalian Bone Marrow Chromosom
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• Algal Toxicity (OPPTS Harmonize
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Bioconcentration Fish: No data Daph
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Flame Retardant Alternatives Propri
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Proprietary C: Chloroalkyl phosphat
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Basis for Conclusion: Acute oral to
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Acute Eye Irritation (OPPTS Harmoni
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Critical Studies: Type: Dermal sens
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C Reproduction/Developmental Toxici
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• Combined Chronic Toxicity/Carci
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Gene Mutation in Vitro: • Bacteri
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Acute Toxicity to Aquatic Organisms
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• Acute Oral Toxicity in Birds (O
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Corrosion Characteristics: No data
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determined at 50°C and it was foun
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Proprietary D: Reactive brominated
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Chemical Identity Proprietary D: Re
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Acute Dermal Irritation (OPPTS Harm
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• Prenatal Developmental Toxicity
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Gene Mutation in vitro C Bacterial
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• Chronic Toxicity to Freshwater
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Proprietary E: Tetrabromophthalate
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Proprietary E: Tetrabromophthalate
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• Reproduction and Fertility Effe
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GENOTOXICITY Conclusion: No availab
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Acute and Subchronic Toxicity to Te
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Proprietary F: Halogenated aryl est
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Proprietary F: Halogenated aryl est
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REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY Conclusion: N
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• Neurotoxicity Screening Battery
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Henry’s Law Constant: No data 9-1
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Anaerobic Biodegradation: No data P
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Proprietary G: Triaryl phosphate, i
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Acute Inhalation Toxicity (OPPTS Ha
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SUBCHRONIC TOXICITY Subchronic Oral
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• Prenatal Developmental Toxicity
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Composition of Proprietary G assaye
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Several components of the [Formulat
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As described in unvalidated robust
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Acute Toxicity to Aquatic Organisms
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Sediment/Water Biodegradation: No d
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Proprietary H: Halogenated aryl est
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Proprietary H: Halogenated aryl est
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REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY Conclusion: N
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IMMUNOTOXICITY Conclusion: No avail
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Henry’s Law Constant: No data 11-
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Proprietary I: Organic phosphate es
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Proprietary I: Organic phosphate es
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CARCINOGENICITY Conclusion: No avai
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No studies were located that were r
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• Chronic Toxicity to Freshwater
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Explosivity: No data Corrosion Char
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Proprietary J: Aryl phosphate Exist
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Proprietary J: Aryl phosphate Synon
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Results: No deaths. Clinical signs
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As described in a robust summary, m
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third animal on days 2 and 3 only.
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however, identify target organs tha
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Basis for Conclusion: The only avai
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Basis for Conclusion: The available
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EPA proposed guidelines (Ref. 58).
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[Formulation 2] (typically 43% Prop
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No additional, pertinent acute toxi
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Proprietary J: Aryl phosphate CAS M
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Odor: No data Oxidation/Reduction C
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Degradation and Transport Photolysi
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Sediment Temp. T 1/2 Comments Refer
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Proprietary K: Aryl phosphate Exist
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Proprietary K: Aryl phosphate CAS M
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Proprietary L: Aryl phosphate Exist
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Proprietary L: Aryl phosphate Synon
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United States Environmental Protect
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