Environmental Profiles of Chemical Flame-Retardant Alternatives for

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Basis for Conclusion: No pertinent acute oral, acute dietary, or reproductive toxicity studies with birds and no subchronic toxicity studies with earthworms were located that addressed the endpoints in the guidelines listed below. • Acute Oral Toxicity in Birds (OPPTS Harmonized Guideline 850.2100) • Acute Dietary Toxicity in Birds (OPPTS Harmonized Guideline 850.2200; OECD Guideline 205) • Reproductive Toxicity in Birds (OPPTS Harmonized Guideline 850.2300; OECD Guideline 206) • Earthworm Subchronic Toxicity (OPPTS Harmonized Guideline 850.6200; OECD Guideline 207) 13-23
Proprietary J: Aryl phosphate CAS MF MW SMILES Physical/Chemical Properties Water Solubility (mg/L): Conclusion: The available water solubility data are adequate. Basis for Conclusion: Ref. 49 gives a measured value for the water solubility of Proprietary J. Solubility (mg/L) References 3.20 Ref. 49, 51 Log K ow: Conclusion: The data for this endpoint are adequate. Basis of Conclusion: The Log K ow values of 5.12 are identical as found in two sources Ref. 49 and Ref. 3). Ref. 4 estimates the Log K ow value based on HPLC that are in reasonable agreement with the key study indicated above. Ref. 45, however, gives a Log K ow value of 13.2, which is much higher than that found in the other sources and this value does not appear reasonable for compounds of this class. Log K ow Reference 5.12 Ref. 3, 49, 51 3.23 4.76 6.44 Ref. 4 (estimated from reverse phase HPLC data by Ref. 48) 13.2 Ref. 45 13.3 Ref. 13 Oxidation/Reduction: No data Melting Point: Conclusion: The data are adequate for this endpoint. Basis for Conclusion: A value of -20 /C is given for the melting point of Proprietary J. Another study provides a pour point for Proprietary J that is in reasonable agreement with the melting point value. 13-24
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Volume 2 Chemical Hazard Reviews Fu
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LIST OF TABLES Page 1-1 Summary of
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Flame Retardant Alternatives Triphe
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Triphenyl Phosphate: Existing Data
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Type: Acute oral LD50 Species, stra
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concentration was much higher, but
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Vehicle: Not reported, but acute or
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• 90-Day Oral Toxicity in Rodents
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Subchronic Inhalation Toxicity: 90-
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hydroureter, enlarged ureter proxim
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NEUROTOXICITY Conclusion: The avail
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Critical Studies Type: Delayed neur
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Neurotoxicity (Adult) Conclusion: T
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Species, strain, sex, number: Rat,
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Type: Mitotic Gene Conversion Speci
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Study Reference Ahrens et al., 1978
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Study Reference Geiger et al., 1986
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Study Reference Mayer et al., 1981
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Study Reference Sasaki et al., 1981
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those reported in the publicly avai
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Algal Toxicity (OPPTS Harmonized Gu
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Study Reference Millington et al.,
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Chronic Toxicity to Fish (OPPT Harm
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Chronic Toxicity to Aquatic Inverte
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Log K ow Reference 4.63 Saeger, 197
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Oxidation/Reduction: No data Oxidat
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Bioconcentration Environmental Fate
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Fish Metabolism: Conclusion: The me
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Study Type/ Method Innoculum Acclim
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Sediment/Water Biodegradation: Conc
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References Ahrens, V; Henion, J; Ma
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Dorby, A; Keller, R. 1957. Vapor pr
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Johnson, MK. 1975. Organophosphorus
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Perry, R; Green, D. 1984. Vapor pre
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Flame Retardant Alternatives Tribro
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Tribromoneopentyl alcohol: Existing
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Results: Male mortality was 2/5 at
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Additional Study: An acute inhalati
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application, four rabbits displayed
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Bladder effects were seen in some o
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• Combined Repeated Dose Toxicity
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• Immunotoxicity (OPPTS Harmonize
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tissue, one with rabbit tissue) sug
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Acute Toxicity to Aquatic Organisms
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1-Propanol, 2,2-dimethyl-, tribromo
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Environmental Fate Bioconcentration
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References AmeriBrom, Inc. 1982a. A
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Flame Retardant Alternatives Tris(1
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Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phospha
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Species, strain, sex, number: Rat,
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Results: No mortality after 14 days
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Additional Studies: Another study,
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occurred in treated groups compared
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high enough to induce significant r
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Doses: 0, 25, 100, and 400 mg/kg/da
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mid-dose of 20 mg/kg/day as a LOAEL
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Critical Studies Type: Acute oral d
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English summary and therefore could
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Basis for Conclusion: TDCPP has bee
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Gene Mutation in Vivo: C Sex-linked
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TDCPP administered as 2,000 mg/kg b
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Another study showed that the 96-ho
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Study Reference Akzo- Nobel, Inc.,
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Study Reference Sasaki et al., 1981
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Table 3-2. Summary of available acu
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hours (Unpublished study conducted
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Terrestrial Organism Toxicity Acute
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Oxidation/Reduction: No data Meltin
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pH: This chemical does not contain
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Species Rate Comment Reference Kill
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Pyrolysis Products Reference When h
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Brusick, D; Matheson, D; Jagannath,
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Majeska, JB; Matheson, DW. 1983. Qu
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Thomas, MB; Collier, TA. 1985. Tolg
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Proprietary A: Chloroalkyl phosphat
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Proprietary A: Chloroalkyl phosphat
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Basis for Conclusion: The available
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Additional Studies and Information:
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Conclusion: The available subchroni
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Basis for Conclusion: No repeated-e
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Prenatal Developmental Toxicity Stu
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Combined Chronic Toxicity/Carcinoge
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Basis for Conclusion: The delayed n
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histopathological effects in the ne
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Immunotoxicity (OPPTS Harmonized Gu
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C In vitro Mammalian Cell Gene Muta
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Chromosomal Aberration in Vivo: C M
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Aquatic Organism Toxicity Ecotoxici
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Study Reference Species Tested Ref.
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Acute Toxicity to Freshwater Invert
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Chronic Toxicity to Freshwater and
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CAS MF MW SMILES Physical/Chemical
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Vapor Pressure (torr//C) Reference
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Bioconcentration Environmental Fate
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Study type/ Method Innoculum Acclim
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Flame Retardant Alternatives Propri
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Proprietary B: Aryl phosphate Exist
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ACUTE TOXICITY Human Health Endpoin
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Additional Studies and Information:
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were elevated in all treated groups
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Basis for Conclusion: No pertinent
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Experiment B. Doses were chosen bas
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These studies may be indicated, for
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• Mammalian Bone Marrow Chromosom
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• Algal Toxicity (OPPTS Harmonize
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Bioconcentration Fish: No data Daph
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Flame Retardant Alternatives Propri
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Proprietary C: Chloroalkyl phosphat
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Basis for Conclusion: Acute oral to
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Acute Eye Irritation (OPPTS Harmoni
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Critical Studies: Type: Dermal sens
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C Reproduction/Developmental Toxici
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• Combined Chronic Toxicity/Carci
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Gene Mutation in Vitro: • Bacteri
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• Acute Oral Toxicity in Birds (O
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Corrosion Characteristics: No data
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determined at 50°C and it was foun
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Proprietary D: Reactive brominated
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Chemical Identity Proprietary D: Re
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Acute Dermal Irritation (OPPTS Harm
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• Prenatal Developmental Toxicity
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Gene Mutation in vitro C Bacterial
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• Chronic Toxicity to Freshwater
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Proprietary E: Tetrabromophthalate
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Proprietary E: Tetrabromophthalate
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• Reproduction and Fertility Effe
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GENOTOXICITY Conclusion: No availab
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Acute and Subchronic Toxicity to Te
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Proprietary F: Halogenated aryl est
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Proprietary F: Halogenated aryl est
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REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY Conclusion: N
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• Neurotoxicity Screening Battery
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Basis for Conclusion: No pertinent
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Henry’s Law Constant: No data 9-1
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Anaerobic Biodegradation: No data P
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Proprietary G: Triaryl phosphate, i
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Acute Inhalation Toxicity (OPPTS Ha
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SUBCHRONIC TOXICITY Subchronic Oral
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• Prenatal Developmental Toxicity
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Composition of Proprietary G assaye
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Several components of the [Formulat
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As described in unvalidated robust
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Sediment/Water Biodegradation: No d
Page 307 and 308: Proprietary H: Halogenated aryl est
Page 309 and 310: Proprietary H: Halogenated aryl est
Page 311 and 312: REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY Conclusion: N
Page 313 and 314: IMMUNOTOXICITY Conclusion: No avail
Page 315 and 316: Basis for Conclusion: No pertinent
Page 317 and 318: Henry’s Law Constant: No data 11-
Page 319 and 320: Anaerobic Biodegradation: No data P
Page 321 and 322: Proprietary I: Organic phosphate es
Page 323 and 324: Proprietary I: Organic phosphate es
Page 325 and 326: Basis for Conclusion: No pertinent
Page 327 and 328: CARCINOGENICITY Conclusion: No avai
Page 329 and 330: No studies were located that were r
Page 331 and 332: • Chronic Toxicity to Freshwater
Page 333 and 334: Explosivity: No data Corrosion Char
Page 335 and 336: Anaerobic Biodegradation: No data P
Page 337 and 338: Proprietary J: Aryl phosphate Exist
Page 339 and 340: Proprietary J: Aryl phosphate Synon
Page 341 and 342: Results: No deaths. Clinical signs
Page 343 and 344: As described in a robust summary, m
Page 345 and 346: third animal on days 2 and 3 only.
Page 347 and 348: however, identify target organs tha
Page 349 and 350: Basis for Conclusion: The only avai
Page 351 and 352: Basis for Conclusion: The available
Page 353 and 354: EPA proposed guidelines (Ref. 58).
Page 355 and 356: [Formulation 2] (typically 43% Prop
Page 357: No additional, pertinent acute toxi
Page 361 and 362: Odor: No data Oxidation/Reduction C
Page 363 and 364: Bioconcentration Environmental Fate
Page 365 and 366: Degradation and Transport Photolysi
Page 367 and 368: Sediment Temp. T 1/2 Comments Refer
Page 369 and 370: Proprietary K: Aryl phosphate Exist
Page 371 and 372: Proprietary K: Aryl phosphate CAS M
Page 373 and 374: • Reproduction and Fertility Effe
Page 375 and 376: GENOTOXICITY Conclusion: No availab
Page 377 and 378: Acute and Subchronic Toxicity to Te
Page 379 and 380: Bioconcentration Fish: No data Daph
Page 381 and 382: Proprietary L: Aryl phosphate Exist
Page 383 and 384: Proprietary L: Aryl phosphate Synon
Page 385 and 386: • Reproduction and Fertility Effe
Page 387 and 388: GENOTOXICITY Conclusion: No availab
Page 389 and 390: Acute and Subchronic Toxicity to Te
Page 391 and 392: Bioconcentration Fish: No data Daph
Page 393: United States Environmental Protect
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Environmental Profiles of Chemical Flame-Retardant Alternatives for

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