Environmental Profiles of Chemical Flame-Retardant Alternatives for

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Chromosomal Aberrations in Vivo: C Mammalian erythrocyte micronucleus test (OPPTS Harmonized Guideline 870.5395) A submitted confidential study reported negative results for micronucleus formation in bone marrow of mice exposed by oral gavage. No genotoxicity studies relevant to the following categories or to other types of genotoxic effects were submitted. Gene Mutation in Vivo DNA Damage and Repair 6-16
Acute Toxicity to Aquatic Organisms Conclusion: Ecotoxicity C The currently available data were judged adequate to meet the endpoints for acute freshwater toxicity to fish, aquatic invertebrates, and algae. C The existing data for acute marine/estuary toxicity for fish, aquatic invertebrates, and algae were judged inadequate to meet these endpoints. Basis for Conclusion: A study exists of the acute toxicity to mysid shrimp of wastewater generated during the manufacture of the flame-retardant compound [Formulation 1] (Ref. 20). A handwritten correction on the title page of the study indicates that the wastewater samples were from the production of [Formulation 1], not [Formulation 4]. [Formulation 1] contains Proprietary C; however, the wastewater samples used in the study contained a mixture of compounds, none of which appeared to be Proprietary C. No pertinent acute toxicity studies with fish, aquatic invertebrates, or algae were located that addressed the endpoints in the guidelines listed below. C Acute Toxicity to Freshwater and Marine Fish (OPPTS Harmonized Guideline 850.1075; OECD Guideline 203) A confidential study with a 96-hour LC50 of 52.2 mg/L in freshwater fish was submitted. These data were judged adequate to meet the endpoint. C Acute Toxicity to Freshwater Invertebrates (OPPTS Harmonized Guideline 850.1010; OECD Guideline 202) A confidential study with a 48-hour EC50 of 41.9 mg/L in freshwater invertebrates was submitted. These data were judged adequate to meet the endpoint. C Acute Toxicity to Marine/Estuarine Invertebrates (OPPTS Harmonized Guideline 850.1035) A study exists of the acute toxicity to mysid shrimp of wastewater generated during the manufacture of the flame-retardant compound [Formulation 1] (Ref. 20). A handwritten correction on the title page of the study indicates that the wastewater samples were from the production of [Formulation 1], not [Formulation 4]. [Formulation 1] contains Proprietary C; however, the wastewater samples used in the study contained a mixture of compounds, none of which appeared to be Proprietary C. 6-17
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Volume 2 Chemical Hazard Reviews Fu
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LIST OF TABLES Page 1-1 Summary of
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Flame Retardant Alternatives Triphe
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Triphenyl Phosphate: Existing Data
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Type: Acute oral LD50 Species, stra
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concentration was much higher, but
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Vehicle: Not reported, but acute or
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• 90-Day Oral Toxicity in Rodents
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Subchronic Inhalation Toxicity: 90-
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hydroureter, enlarged ureter proxim
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NEUROTOXICITY Conclusion: The avail
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Critical Studies Type: Delayed neur
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Neurotoxicity (Adult) Conclusion: T
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Species, strain, sex, number: Rat,
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Type: Mitotic Gene Conversion Speci
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Study Reference Ahrens et al., 1978
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Study Reference Geiger et al., 1986
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Study Reference Mayer et al., 1981
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Study Reference Sasaki et al., 1981
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those reported in the publicly avai
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Algal Toxicity (OPPTS Harmonized Gu
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Study Reference Millington et al.,
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Chronic Toxicity to Fish (OPPT Harm
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Chronic Toxicity to Aquatic Inverte
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Log K ow Reference 4.63 Saeger, 197
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Oxidation/Reduction: No data Oxidat
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Bioconcentration Environmental Fate
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Fish Metabolism: Conclusion: The me
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Study Type/ Method Innoculum Acclim
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Sediment/Water Biodegradation: Conc
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References Ahrens, V; Henion, J; Ma
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Dorby, A; Keller, R. 1957. Vapor pr
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Johnson, MK. 1975. Organophosphorus
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Perry, R; Green, D. 1984. Vapor pre
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Flame Retardant Alternatives Tribro
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Tribromoneopentyl alcohol: Existing
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Results: Male mortality was 2/5 at
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Additional Study: An acute inhalati
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application, four rabbits displayed
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Bladder effects were seen in some o
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• Combined Repeated Dose Toxicity
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• Immunotoxicity (OPPTS Harmonize
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tissue, one with rabbit tissue) sug
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Acute Toxicity to Aquatic Organisms
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1-Propanol, 2,2-dimethyl-, tribromo
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Environmental Fate Bioconcentration
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References AmeriBrom, Inc. 1982a. A
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Flame Retardant Alternatives Tris(1
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Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phospha
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Species, strain, sex, number: Rat,
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Results: No mortality after 14 days
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Additional Studies: Another study,
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occurred in treated groups compared
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high enough to induce significant r
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Doses: 0, 25, 100, and 400 mg/kg/da
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mid-dose of 20 mg/kg/day as a LOAEL
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Critical Studies Type: Acute oral d
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English summary and therefore could
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Basis for Conclusion: TDCPP has bee
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Gene Mutation in Vivo: C Sex-linked
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TDCPP administered as 2,000 mg/kg b
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Another study showed that the 96-ho
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Study Reference Akzo- Nobel, Inc.,
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Study Reference Sasaki et al., 1981
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Table 3-2. Summary of available acu
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hours (Unpublished study conducted
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Terrestrial Organism Toxicity Acute
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Oxidation/Reduction: No data Meltin
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pH: This chemical does not contain
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Species Rate Comment Reference Kill
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Pyrolysis Products Reference When h
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Brusick, D; Matheson, D; Jagannath,
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Majeska, JB; Matheson, DW. 1983. Qu
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Thomas, MB; Collier, TA. 1985. Tolg
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Proprietary A: Chloroalkyl phosphat
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Proprietary A: Chloroalkyl phosphat
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Basis for Conclusion: The available
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Additional Studies and Information:
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Conclusion: The available subchroni
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Basis for Conclusion: No repeated-e
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Prenatal Developmental Toxicity Stu
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Combined Chronic Toxicity/Carcinoge
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Basis for Conclusion: The delayed n
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histopathological effects in the ne
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Immunotoxicity (OPPTS Harmonized Gu
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C In vitro Mammalian Cell Gene Muta
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Chromosomal Aberration in Vivo: C M
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Aquatic Organism Toxicity Ecotoxici
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Study Reference Species Tested Ref.
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Study Reference Species Tested Ref.
Page 185 and 186: Acute Toxicity to Freshwater Invert
Page 187 and 188: Chronic Toxicity to Freshwater and
Page 189 and 190: Study Reference Species Tested Ref.
Page 191 and 192: CAS MF MW SMILES Physical/Chemical
Page 193 and 194: Vapor Pressure (torr//C) Reference
Page 195 and 196: Bioconcentration Environmental Fate
Page 197 and 198: Study type/ Method Innoculum Acclim
Page 199 and 200: Flame Retardant Alternatives Propri
Page 201 and 202: Proprietary B: Aryl phosphate Exist
Page 203 and 204: ACUTE TOXICITY Human Health Endpoin
Page 205 and 206: Additional Studies and Information:
Page 207 and 208: were elevated in all treated groups
Page 209 and 210: Basis for Conclusion: No pertinent
Page 211 and 212: Experiment B. Doses were chosen bas
Page 213 and 214: These studies may be indicated, for
Page 215 and 216: • Mammalian Bone Marrow Chromosom
Page 217 and 218: • Algal Toxicity (OPPTS Harmonize
Page 219 and 220: Bioconcentration Fish: No data Daph
Page 221 and 222: Flame Retardant Alternatives Propri
Page 223 and 224: Proprietary C: Chloroalkyl phosphat
Page 225 and 226: Basis for Conclusion: Acute oral to
Page 227 and 228: Acute Eye Irritation (OPPTS Harmoni
Page 229 and 230: Critical Studies: Type: Dermal sens
Page 231 and 232: C Reproduction/Developmental Toxici
Page 233 and 234: • Combined Chronic Toxicity/Carci
Page 235: Gene Mutation in Vitro: • Bacteri
Page 239 and 240: • Acute Oral Toxicity in Birds (O
Page 241 and 242: Corrosion Characteristics: No data
Page 243 and 244: determined at 50°C and it was foun
Page 245 and 246: Proprietary D: Reactive brominated
Page 247 and 248: Chemical Identity Proprietary D: Re
Page 249 and 250: Acute Dermal Irritation (OPPTS Harm
Page 251 and 252: • Prenatal Developmental Toxicity
Page 253 and 254: Gene Mutation in vitro C Bacterial
Page 255 and 256: • Chronic Toxicity to Freshwater
Page 259 and 260: Proprietary E: Tetrabromophthalate
Page 261 and 262: Proprietary E: Tetrabromophthalate
Page 263 and 264: • Reproduction and Fertility Effe
Page 265 and 266: GENOTOXICITY Conclusion: No availab
Page 267 and 268: Acute and Subchronic Toxicity to Te
Page 271 and 272: Proprietary F: Halogenated aryl est
Page 273 and 274: Proprietary F: Halogenated aryl est
Page 275 and 276: REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY Conclusion: N
Page 277 and 278: • Neurotoxicity Screening Battery
Page 279 and 280: Basis for Conclusion: No pertinent
Page 281 and 282: Henry’s Law Constant: No data 9-1
Page 283 and 284: Anaerobic Biodegradation: No data P
Page 285 and 286: Proprietary G: Triaryl phosphate, i
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Proprietary G: Triaryl phosphate, i
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Acute Inhalation Toxicity (OPPTS Ha
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SUBCHRONIC TOXICITY Subchronic Oral
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• Prenatal Developmental Toxicity
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Composition of Proprietary G assaye
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Several components of the [Formulat
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As described in unvalidated robust
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Acute Toxicity to Aquatic Organisms
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Proprietary G: Triaryl phosphate, i
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Sediment/Water Biodegradation: No d
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Proprietary H: Halogenated aryl est
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Proprietary H: Halogenated aryl est
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REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY Conclusion: N
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IMMUNOTOXICITY Conclusion: No avail
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Basis for Conclusion: No pertinent
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Henry’s Law Constant: No data 11-
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Anaerobic Biodegradation: No data P
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Proprietary I: Organic phosphate es
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Proprietary I: Organic phosphate es
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Basis for Conclusion: No pertinent
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CARCINOGENICITY Conclusion: No avai
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No studies were located that were r
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• Chronic Toxicity to Freshwater
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Explosivity: No data Corrosion Char
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Anaerobic Biodegradation: No data P
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Proprietary J: Aryl phosphate Exist
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Proprietary J: Aryl phosphate Synon
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Results: No deaths. Clinical signs
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As described in a robust summary, m
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third animal on days 2 and 3 only.
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however, identify target organs tha
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Basis for Conclusion: The only avai
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Basis for Conclusion: The available
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EPA proposed guidelines (Ref. 58).
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[Formulation 2] (typically 43% Prop
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No additional, pertinent acute toxi
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Proprietary J: Aryl phosphate CAS M
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Odor: No data Oxidation/Reduction C
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Bioconcentration Environmental Fate
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Degradation and Transport Photolysi
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Sediment Temp. T 1/2 Comments Refer
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Proprietary K: Aryl phosphate Exist
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Proprietary K: Aryl phosphate CAS M
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• Reproduction and Fertility Effe
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GENOTOXICITY Conclusion: No availab
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Acute and Subchronic Toxicity to Te
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Bioconcentration Fish: No data Daph
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Proprietary L: Aryl phosphate Exist
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Proprietary L: Aryl phosphate Synon
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• Reproduction and Fertility Effe
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GENOTOXICITY Conclusion: No availab
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Acute and Subchronic Toxicity to Te
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Bioconcentration Fish: No data Daph
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United States Environmental Protect
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