Environmental Profiles of Chemical Flame-Retardant Alternatives for

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SRC. 2004. PHYSPROP (Physical Properties Data Base). Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate. Syracuse Research Corporation. Available online at http://www.syrres.com/esc/physprop.htm. Accessed July 2004. Stauffer (Stauffer Chemical Co.). 1972a. Toxicology reports on Fyrol FR-2. Vol I of II: Demyelination study in hens. Report T-4055. TSCA 8e submission by Stauffer Chemical Company (1981), OTS0204911 (fiche 3). Stauffer (Stauffer Chemical Co.). 1972b. Toxicology reports on Fyrol FR-2. Vol I of II: Cholinesterase inhibition in male rats. Report T-4055-1. TSCA 8e submission by Stauffer Chemical Company (1981), OTS0204911 (fiche 3). Stauffer (Stauffer Chemical Co.). 1972c. Toxicology reports on Fyrol FR-2. Vol I of II: 4-hour skin irritation, eye irritation. Report T-4055-4. TSCA 8e submission by Stauffer Chemical Company (1981), OTS0204911 (fiche 3). Stauffer (Stauffer Chemical Co.). 1972d. Toxicology reports on Fyrol FR-2. Vol I of II: Acute oral toxicity in male rats. Report T-4100-2. TSCA 8e submission by Stauffer Chemical Company (1981), OTS0204911 (fiche 3). Stauffer (Stauffer Chemical Co.). 1973a. Toxicology reports on Fyrol FR-2. Vol I of II: Acute Dermal toxicity in rabbits. Report T-4287. TSCA 8e submission by Stauffer Chemical Company (1981), OTS0204911 (fiche 3). Stauffer (Stauffer Chemical Co.). 1973b. Toxicology reports on Fyrol FR-2. Vol I of II: Acute inhalation toxicity. Report T-4782. TSCA 8e submission by Stauffer Chemical Company (1981), OTS0204911 (fiche 3). Stauffer (Stauffer Chemical Co.). 1978. Toxicology reports on Fyrol FR-2. Vol I of II: Summary of in vitro delayed neurotoxicity evaluation. Report T-6303. TSCA 8e submission by Stauffer Chemical Company (1981), OTS0204911 (fiche 3). Stauffer (Stauffer Chemical Co.). 1979. Toxicology reports on Fyrol FR-2. Vol I of II: 24hour skin irritation, eye irritation. Report T-6773. TSCA 8e submission by Stauffer Chemical Company (1981), OTS0204911 (fiche 3). Stauffer (Stauffer Chemical Co.). 1981. Toxicology reports on Fyrol FR-2 (volume I-II with attachments and cover letter dated 020381. Stauffer Western Research Center. EPA Doc. No 8EHQ-9-0281-0401 Fiche No. OTS0204911. Tanaka, S; Nakaura, S, Kawashima, K; et al. 1981. Effect of oral administration of tris(1,3dichloroisopropyl)phosphate to pregnant rats on prenatal and postnatal developments. Eisei Shikenjo Hokoku 99: 50-55. [In Japanese with abstract and tables in English] 3-52
Thomas, MB; Collier, TA. 1985. Tolgard T.D.C.P. LV: OECD 474 Micronucleus study in the mouse. Experiment No. 164/8507. Safepharm Laboratories. Cited in WHO (1998). WHO. 1998. International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), Environmental Health Criteria 209, Flame retardants: tris(chloropropyl)phosphate and tris(2-chloroethyl)phosphate. World Health Organisation. Available online at www.inchem.org/documetns/ehc/ehc/ehc209.htm. Accessed July 2004. Wilczynski, SI; Killinger, JM; Zwicker, GM; et al. 1983. Fyrol FR-2 fertility study in male rabbits. Toxicologist. 3: 22 (abstract). 3-53
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Volume 2 Chemical Hazard Reviews Fu
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LIST OF TABLES Page 1-1 Summary of
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Flame Retardant Alternatives Triphe
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Triphenyl Phosphate: Existing Data
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Type: Acute oral LD50 Species, stra
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concentration was much higher, but
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Vehicle: Not reported, but acute or
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• 90-Day Oral Toxicity in Rodents
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Subchronic Inhalation Toxicity: 90-
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hydroureter, enlarged ureter proxim
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NEUROTOXICITY Conclusion: The avail
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Critical Studies Type: Delayed neur
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Neurotoxicity (Adult) Conclusion: T
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Species, strain, sex, number: Rat,
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Type: Mitotic Gene Conversion Speci
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Study Reference Ahrens et al., 1978
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Study Reference Geiger et al., 1986
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Study Reference Mayer et al., 1981
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Study Reference Sasaki et al., 1981
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those reported in the publicly avai
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Algal Toxicity (OPPTS Harmonized Gu
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Study Reference Millington et al.,
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Chronic Toxicity to Fish (OPPT Harm
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Chronic Toxicity to Aquatic Inverte
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Log K ow Reference 4.63 Saeger, 197
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Oxidation/Reduction: No data Oxidat
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Bioconcentration Environmental Fate
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Fish Metabolism: Conclusion: The me
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Study Type/ Method Innoculum Acclim
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Sediment/Water Biodegradation: Conc
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References Ahrens, V; Henion, J; Ma
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Dorby, A; Keller, R. 1957. Vapor pr
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Johnson, MK. 1975. Organophosphorus
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Perry, R; Green, D. 1984. Vapor pre
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Flame Retardant Alternatives Tribro
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Tribromoneopentyl alcohol: Existing
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Results: Male mortality was 2/5 at
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Additional Study: An acute inhalati
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application, four rabbits displayed
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Bladder effects were seen in some o
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• Combined Repeated Dose Toxicity
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• Immunotoxicity (OPPTS Harmonize
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tissue, one with rabbit tissue) sug
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Acute Toxicity to Aquatic Organisms
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1-Propanol, 2,2-dimethyl-, tribromo
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Environmental Fate Bioconcentration
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References AmeriBrom, Inc. 1982a. A
Page 99 and 100: Flame Retardant Alternatives Tris(1
Page 101 and 102: Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phospha
Page 103 and 104: Species, strain, sex, number: Rat,
Page 105 and 106: Results: No mortality after 14 days
Page 107 and 108: Additional Studies: Another study,
Page 109 and 110: occurred in treated groups compared
Page 111 and 112: high enough to induce significant r
Page 113 and 114: Doses: 0, 25, 100, and 400 mg/kg/da
Page 115 and 116: mid-dose of 20 mg/kg/day as a LOAEL
Page 117 and 118: Critical Studies Type: Acute oral d
Page 119 and 120: English summary and therefore could
Page 121 and 122: Basis for Conclusion: TDCPP has bee
Page 123 and 124: Gene Mutation in Vivo: C Sex-linked
Page 125 and 126: TDCPP administered as 2,000 mg/kg b
Page 127 and 128: Another study showed that the 96-ho
Page 129 and 130: Study Reference Akzo- Nobel, Inc.,
Page 131 and 132: Study Reference Sasaki et al., 1981
Page 133 and 134: Table 3-2. Summary of available acu
Page 135 and 136: hours (Unpublished study conducted
Page 137 and 138: Terrestrial Organism Toxicity Acute
Page 139 and 140: Oxidation/Reduction: No data Meltin
Page 141 and 142: pH: This chemical does not contain
Page 143 and 144: Species Rate Comment Reference Kill
Page 145 and 146: Pyrolysis Products Reference When h
Page 147 and 148: Brusick, D; Matheson, D; Jagannath,
Page 149: Majeska, JB; Matheson, DW. 1983. Qu
Page 153 and 154: Proprietary A: Chloroalkyl phosphat
Page 155 and 156: Proprietary A: Chloroalkyl phosphat
Page 157 and 158: Basis for Conclusion: The available
Page 159 and 160: Additional Studies and Information:
Page 161 and 162: Conclusion: The available subchroni
Page 163 and 164: Basis for Conclusion: No repeated-e
Page 165 and 166: Prenatal Developmental Toxicity Stu
Page 167 and 168: Combined Chronic Toxicity/Carcinoge
Page 169 and 170: Basis for Conclusion: The delayed n
Page 171 and 172: histopathological effects in the ne
Page 173 and 174: Immunotoxicity (OPPTS Harmonized Gu
Page 175 and 176: C In vitro Mammalian Cell Gene Muta
Page 177 and 178: Chromosomal Aberration in Vivo: C M
Page 179 and 180: Aquatic Organism Toxicity Ecotoxici
Page 181 and 182: Study Reference Species Tested Ref.
Page 185 and 186: Acute Toxicity to Freshwater Invert
Page 187 and 188: Chronic Toxicity to Freshwater and
Page 191 and 192: CAS MF MW SMILES Physical/Chemical
Page 193 and 194: Vapor Pressure (torr//C) Reference
Page 195 and 196: Bioconcentration Environmental Fate
Page 197 and 198: Study type/ Method Innoculum Acclim
Page 199 and 200: Flame Retardant Alternatives Propri
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Proprietary B: Aryl phosphate Exist
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ACUTE TOXICITY Human Health Endpoin
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Additional Studies and Information:
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were elevated in all treated groups
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Basis for Conclusion: No pertinent
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Experiment B. Doses were chosen bas
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These studies may be indicated, for
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• Mammalian Bone Marrow Chromosom
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• Algal Toxicity (OPPTS Harmonize
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Bioconcentration Fish: No data Daph
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Flame Retardant Alternatives Propri
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Proprietary C: Chloroalkyl phosphat
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Basis for Conclusion: Acute oral to
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Acute Eye Irritation (OPPTS Harmoni
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Critical Studies: Type: Dermal sens
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C Reproduction/Developmental Toxici
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• Combined Chronic Toxicity/Carci
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Gene Mutation in Vitro: • Bacteri
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• Acute Oral Toxicity in Birds (O
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Corrosion Characteristics: No data
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determined at 50°C and it was foun
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Proprietary D: Reactive brominated
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Chemical Identity Proprietary D: Re
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Acute Dermal Irritation (OPPTS Harm
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• Prenatal Developmental Toxicity
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Gene Mutation in vitro C Bacterial
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• Chronic Toxicity to Freshwater
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Proprietary E: Tetrabromophthalate
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Proprietary E: Tetrabromophthalate
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• Reproduction and Fertility Effe
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GENOTOXICITY Conclusion: No availab
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Acute and Subchronic Toxicity to Te
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Proprietary F: Halogenated aryl est
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Proprietary F: Halogenated aryl est
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REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY Conclusion: N
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• Neurotoxicity Screening Battery
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Henry’s Law Constant: No data 9-1
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Anaerobic Biodegradation: No data P
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Proprietary G: Triaryl phosphate, i
Page 287 and 288:
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Acute Inhalation Toxicity (OPPTS Ha
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SUBCHRONIC TOXICITY Subchronic Oral
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• Prenatal Developmental Toxicity
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Composition of Proprietary G assaye
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Several components of the [Formulat
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As described in unvalidated robust
Page 301 and 302:
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Sediment/Water Biodegradation: No d
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Proprietary H: Halogenated aryl est
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Proprietary H: Halogenated aryl est
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REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY Conclusion: N
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IMMUNOTOXICITY Conclusion: No avail
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Henry’s Law Constant: No data 11-
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Proprietary I: Organic phosphate es
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Proprietary I: Organic phosphate es
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CARCINOGENICITY Conclusion: No avai
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No studies were located that were r
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• Chronic Toxicity to Freshwater
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Explosivity: No data Corrosion Char
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Proprietary J: Aryl phosphate Exist
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Proprietary J: Aryl phosphate Synon
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Results: No deaths. Clinical signs
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As described in a robust summary, m
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third animal on days 2 and 3 only.
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however, identify target organs tha
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Basis for Conclusion: The only avai
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Basis for Conclusion: The available
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EPA proposed guidelines (Ref. 58).
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[Formulation 2] (typically 43% Prop
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No additional, pertinent acute toxi
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Proprietary J: Aryl phosphate CAS M
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Odor: No data Oxidation/Reduction C
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Bioconcentration Environmental Fate
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Degradation and Transport Photolysi
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Sediment Temp. T 1/2 Comments Refer
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Proprietary K: Aryl phosphate Exist
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Proprietary K: Aryl phosphate CAS M
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Page 377 and 378:
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Proprietary L: Aryl phosphate Exist
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Proprietary L: Aryl phosphate Synon
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Page 393:
United States Environmental Protect
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