Environmental Profiles of Chemical Flame-Retardant Alternatives for

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Study type/ Method Innoculum Acclim Degradation Time Comments Reference Japanese MITI test Activated sludge avg. 1% by BOD OECD 302C 0% by O 2 uptake River Die- Away Water from Oh River (Osaka, Japan) Neya River (Osaka, Japan) Seawater (Osaka Bay) Anaerobic Biodegradation: No data Porous Pot Test: No data 12.5% 18.5% 0% 5.4% 0% 22% 28 days Initial concentrations 100 mg/L (test substance), 30 mg/L (sludge). CERI, 1999; HSDB, 2003; Chemicals Inspection and Testing Institute, 1992 28 days WHO, 1998 7 days 14 days 7 days 14 days 7 days 14 days Initial concentrations 20 mg/L in Oh River water and 1 mg/L in Neya River water. Concentration in seawater not reported. Analysis by Molybdenum Blue calorimetric assay for increase in phosphate ion. WHO, 1998 Pyrolysis: Conclusion: The available pyrolysis data are not adequate. Basis for Conclusion: Although a semi-quantitative description of the pyrolysis products is given in the Choudry and Hutzinger paper, the list of degradates provided accounts for only 60% of the total mass expected and doesn’t contain any oxygenated or phosphorus-containing compounds. Therefore, this study does not provide a complete profile of the pyrolysis of TDCPP. Pyrolysis Products Reference Relative mol.% degradates, 0.1 mole TDCPP heated at 250-260/C under reduced pressure (3 mm Hg), overall yield 60 wt%: trans-1,3dichloropropene 26.7%, cis-1,3-dichloropropene 36.0%, 1,2,3trichloropropane 34.4%, 1-chloro-2-propene 2.9%. Thermal oxidative degradation in air at 370/C: Hydrogen halides, halogenated C2 and C3 species, acrolein 3-46 Choudhry and Hutzinger, 1982 HSDB, 2003
Pyrolysis Products Reference When heated to decomposition, it emits toxic fumes of Cl + and PO x Lewis, 2000 (Sax’s Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials) Hydrolysis as a Function of pH: Conclusion: The hydrolysis rate data are adequate. The hydrolysis products are not described. Basis for Conclusion: The studies cited below were GLP-compliant tests run according to accepted guidelines. T 1/2 pH Temp. Comment Reference >1 year >1 year 14.7 days 4 7 9 50/C OECD 111; EPA Ser. 835 OPPTS No. 835.2110. GLP-compliant. Initial concentration, 10 mg/L. Study length, 5 days. Preliminary study. 28 days 9 40/C OECD 111; EPA Ser. 835 OPPTS No. 835.2110. GLP-compliant. Definitive 30-day study. 128 days 9 20/C OECD 111; EPA Ser. 835 OPPTS No. 835.2110. GLP-compliant. Definitive 30-day study. Sediment/Water Biodegradation: No data Soil Biodegradation with Product Identification: No data Indirect Photolysis in Water: No data Sediment/Soil Adsorption/Desorption: No data 3-47 Akzo Nobel, 2001a,b Akzo Nobel, 2001a,b Akzo Nobel, 2001a,b
Page 1 and 2:
Volume 2 Chemical Hazard Reviews Fu
Page 3 and 4:
LIST OF TABLES Page 1-1 Summary of
Page 5 and 6:
Flame Retardant Alternatives Triphe
Page 7 and 8:
Triphenyl Phosphate: Existing Data
Page 9 and 10:
Type: Acute oral LD50 Species, stra
Page 11 and 12:
concentration was much higher, but
Page 13 and 14:
Vehicle: Not reported, but acute or
Page 15 and 16:
• 90-Day Oral Toxicity in Rodents
Page 17 and 18:
Subchronic Inhalation Toxicity: 90-
Page 19 and 20:
hydroureter, enlarged ureter proxim
Page 21 and 22:
NEUROTOXICITY Conclusion: The avail
Page 23 and 24:
Critical Studies Type: Delayed neur
Page 25 and 26:
Neurotoxicity (Adult) Conclusion: T
Page 27 and 28:
Species, strain, sex, number: Rat,
Page 29 and 30:
Type: Mitotic Gene Conversion Speci
Page 31 and 32:
Study Reference Ahrens et al., 1978
Page 33 and 34:
Study Reference Geiger et al., 1986
Page 35 and 36:
Study Reference Mayer et al., 1981
Page 37 and 38:
Study Reference Sasaki et al., 1981
Page 39 and 40:
those reported in the publicly avai
Page 41 and 42:
Page 43 and 44:
Algal Toxicity (OPPTS Harmonized Gu
Page 45 and 46:
Study Reference Millington et al.,
Page 47 and 48:
Page 49 and 50:
Chronic Toxicity to Fish (OPPT Harm
Page 51 and 52:
Chronic Toxicity to Aquatic Inverte
Page 53 and 54:
Log K ow Reference 4.63 Saeger, 197
Page 55 and 56:
Oxidation/Reduction: No data Oxidat
Page 57 and 58:
Bioconcentration Environmental Fate
Page 59 and 60:
Fish Metabolism: Conclusion: The me
Page 61 and 62:
Study Type/ Method Innoculum Acclim
Page 63 and 64:
Sediment/Water Biodegradation: Conc
Page 65 and 66:
References Ahrens, V; Henion, J; Ma
Page 67 and 68:
Dorby, A; Keller, R. 1957. Vapor pr
Page 69 and 70:
Johnson, MK. 1975. Organophosphorus
Page 71 and 72:
Perry, R; Green, D. 1984. Vapor pre
Page 73 and 74:
Flame Retardant Alternatives Tribro
Page 75 and 76:
Tribromoneopentyl alcohol: Existing
Page 77 and 78:
Results: Male mortality was 2/5 at
Page 79 and 80:
Additional Study: An acute inhalati
Page 81 and 82:
application, four rabbits displayed
Page 83 and 84:
Bladder effects were seen in some o
Page 85 and 86:
• Combined Repeated Dose Toxicity
Page 87 and 88:
• Immunotoxicity (OPPTS Harmonize
Page 89 and 90:
tissue, one with rabbit tissue) sug
Page 91 and 92:
Acute Toxicity to Aquatic Organisms
Page 93 and 94: 1-Propanol, 2,2-dimethyl-, tribromo
Page 95 and 96: Environmental Fate Bioconcentration
Page 97 and 98: References AmeriBrom, Inc. 1982a. A
Page 99 and 100: Flame Retardant Alternatives Tris(1
Page 101 and 102: Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phospha
Page 103 and 104: Species, strain, sex, number: Rat,
Page 105 and 106: Results: No mortality after 14 days
Page 107 and 108: Additional Studies: Another study,
Page 109 and 110: occurred in treated groups compared
Page 111 and 112: high enough to induce significant r
Page 113 and 114: Doses: 0, 25, 100, and 400 mg/kg/da
Page 115 and 116: mid-dose of 20 mg/kg/day as a LOAEL
Page 117 and 118: Critical Studies Type: Acute oral d
Page 119 and 120: English summary and therefore could
Page 121 and 122: Basis for Conclusion: TDCPP has bee
Page 123 and 124: Gene Mutation in Vivo: C Sex-linked
Page 125 and 126: TDCPP administered as 2,000 mg/kg b
Page 127 and 128: Another study showed that the 96-ho
Page 129 and 130: Study Reference Akzo- Nobel, Inc.,
Page 131 and 132: Study Reference Sasaki et al., 1981
Page 133 and 134: Table 3-2. Summary of available acu
Page 135 and 136: hours (Unpublished study conducted
Page 137 and 138: Terrestrial Organism Toxicity Acute
Page 139 and 140: Oxidation/Reduction: No data Meltin
Page 141 and 142: pH: This chemical does not contain
Page 143: Species Rate Comment Reference Kill
Page 147 and 148: Brusick, D; Matheson, D; Jagannath,
Page 149 and 150: Majeska, JB; Matheson, DW. 1983. Qu
Page 151 and 152: Thomas, MB; Collier, TA. 1985. Tolg
Page 153 and 154: Proprietary A: Chloroalkyl phosphat
Page 155 and 156: Proprietary A: Chloroalkyl phosphat
Page 157 and 158: Basis for Conclusion: The available
Page 159 and 160: Additional Studies and Information:
Page 161 and 162: Conclusion: The available subchroni
Page 163 and 164: Basis for Conclusion: No repeated-e
Page 165 and 166: Prenatal Developmental Toxicity Stu
Page 167 and 168: Combined Chronic Toxicity/Carcinoge
Page 169 and 170: Basis for Conclusion: The delayed n
Page 171 and 172: histopathological effects in the ne
Page 173 and 174: Immunotoxicity (OPPTS Harmonized Gu
Page 175 and 176: C In vitro Mammalian Cell Gene Muta
Page 177 and 178: Chromosomal Aberration in Vivo: C M
Page 179 and 180: Aquatic Organism Toxicity Ecotoxici
Page 181 and 182: Study Reference Species Tested Ref.
Page 185 and 186: Acute Toxicity to Freshwater Invert
Page 187 and 188: Chronic Toxicity to Freshwater and
Page 191 and 192: CAS MF MW SMILES Physical/Chemical
Page 193 and 194: Vapor Pressure (torr//C) Reference
Page 195 and 196:
Page 197 and 198:
Study type/ Method Innoculum Acclim
Page 199 and 200:
Flame Retardant Alternatives Propri
Page 201 and 202:
Proprietary B: Aryl phosphate Exist
Page 203 and 204:
ACUTE TOXICITY Human Health Endpoin
Page 205 and 206:
Additional Studies and Information:
Page 207 and 208:
were elevated in all treated groups
Page 209 and 210:
Basis for Conclusion: No pertinent
Page 211 and 212:
Experiment B. Doses were chosen bas
Page 213 and 214:
These studies may be indicated, for
Page 215 and 216:
• Mammalian Bone Marrow Chromosom
Page 217 and 218:
• Algal Toxicity (OPPTS Harmonize
Page 219 and 220:
Bioconcentration Fish: No data Daph
Page 221 and 222:
Flame Retardant Alternatives Propri
Page 223 and 224:
Proprietary C: Chloroalkyl phosphat
Page 225 and 226:
Basis for Conclusion: Acute oral to
Page 227 and 228:
Acute Eye Irritation (OPPTS Harmoni
Page 229 and 230:
Critical Studies: Type: Dermal sens
Page 231 and 232:
C Reproduction/Developmental Toxici
Page 233 and 234:
• Combined Chronic Toxicity/Carci
Page 235 and 236:
Gene Mutation in Vitro: • Bacteri
Page 237 and 238:
Page 239 and 240:
• Acute Oral Toxicity in Birds (O
Page 241 and 242:
Corrosion Characteristics: No data
Page 243 and 244:
determined at 50°C and it was foun
Page 245 and 246:
Proprietary D: Reactive brominated
Page 247 and 248:
Chemical Identity Proprietary D: Re
Page 249 and 250:
Acute Dermal Irritation (OPPTS Harm
Page 251 and 252:
• Prenatal Developmental Toxicity
Page 253 and 254:
Gene Mutation in vitro C Bacterial
Page 255 and 256:
• Chronic Toxicity to Freshwater
Page 257 and 258:
Page 259 and 260:
Proprietary E: Tetrabromophthalate
Page 261 and 262:
Proprietary E: Tetrabromophthalate
Page 263 and 264:
• Reproduction and Fertility Effe
Page 265 and 266:
GENOTOXICITY Conclusion: No availab
Page 267 and 268:
Acute and Subchronic Toxicity to Te
Page 269 and 270:
Page 271 and 272:
Proprietary F: Halogenated aryl est
Page 273 and 274:
Proprietary F: Halogenated aryl est
Page 275 and 276:
REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY Conclusion: N
Page 277 and 278:
• Neurotoxicity Screening Battery
Page 279 and 280:
Page 281 and 282:
Henry’s Law Constant: No data 9-1
Page 283 and 284:
Anaerobic Biodegradation: No data P
Page 285 and 286:
Proprietary G: Triaryl phosphate, i
Page 287 and 288:
Page 289 and 290:
Acute Inhalation Toxicity (OPPTS Ha
Page 291 and 292:
SUBCHRONIC TOXICITY Subchronic Oral
Page 293 and 294:
• Prenatal Developmental Toxicity
Page 295 and 296:
Composition of Proprietary G assaye
Page 297 and 298:
Several components of the [Formulat
Page 299 and 300:
As described in unvalidated robust
Page 301 and 302:
Page 303 and 304:
Page 305 and 306:
Sediment/Water Biodegradation: No d
Page 307 and 308:
Proprietary H: Halogenated aryl est
Page 309 and 310:
Proprietary H: Halogenated aryl est
Page 311 and 312:
REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY Conclusion: N
Page 313 and 314:
IMMUNOTOXICITY Conclusion: No avail
Page 315 and 316:
Page 317 and 318:
Henry’s Law Constant: No data 11-
Page 319 and 320:
Page 321 and 322:
Proprietary I: Organic phosphate es
Page 323 and 324:
Proprietary I: Organic phosphate es
Page 325 and 326:
Page 327 and 328:
CARCINOGENICITY Conclusion: No avai
Page 329 and 330:
No studies were located that were r
Page 331 and 332:
• Chronic Toxicity to Freshwater
Page 333 and 334:
Explosivity: No data Corrosion Char
Page 335 and 336:
Page 337 and 338:
Proprietary J: Aryl phosphate Exist
Page 339 and 340:
Proprietary J: Aryl phosphate Synon
Page 341 and 342:
Results: No deaths. Clinical signs
Page 343 and 344:
As described in a robust summary, m
Page 345 and 346:
third animal on days 2 and 3 only.
Page 347 and 348:
however, identify target organs tha
Page 349 and 350:
Basis for Conclusion: The only avai
Page 351 and 352:
Basis for Conclusion: The available
Page 353 and 354:
EPA proposed guidelines (Ref. 58).
Page 355 and 356:
[Formulation 2] (typically 43% Prop
Page 357 and 358:
No additional, pertinent acute toxi
Page 359 and 360:
Proprietary J: Aryl phosphate CAS M
Page 361 and 362:
Odor: No data Oxidation/Reduction C
Page 363 and 364:
Page 365 and 366:
Degradation and Transport Photolysi
Page 367 and 368:
Sediment Temp. T 1/2 Comments Refer
Page 369 and 370:
Proprietary K: Aryl phosphate Exist
Page 371 and 372:
Proprietary K: Aryl phosphate CAS M
Page 373 and 374:
Page 375 and 376:
Page 377 and 378:
Page 379 and 380:
Page 381 and 382:
Proprietary L: Aryl phosphate Exist
Page 383 and 384:
Proprietary L: Aryl phosphate Synon
Page 385 and 386:
Page 387 and 388:
Page 389 and 390:
Page 391 and 392:
Page 393:
United States Environmental Protect
show all

Environmental Profiles of Chemical Flame-Retardant Alternatives for

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?