Environmental Profiles of Chemical Flame-Retardant Alternatives for

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Proprietary B: Aryl phosphate Synonym CAS MF MW SMILES Chemical Identity Many of the available health effects studies were conducted with commercial mixtures that commonly contained triphenyl phosphate as well as Proprietary B. The available information regarding the composition of these mixtures is presented below, but the composition of the actual samples tested in the health effects studies usually was not reported. [Formulation 1] is reported to contain 60-100% Proprietary B and 15-40% triphenyl phosphate (Ref. 24) and [Formulation 2] is reported to contain 60-100% Proprietary B and 4-7% triphenyl phosphate (Ref. 25). Major Components of [Formulation 3] and [Formulation 4] as reported in Ref. 34 Component [Formulation 3] [Formulation 4] Total Proprietary B 49 61 [Chemical 1] 8 11 [Chemical 2] 6 7 [Chemical 3] 2 5 [Chemical 4] 21 27 [Chemical 5] 12 11 Triphenyl Phosphate 33 18 5-4
ACUTE TOXICITY Human Health Endpoints Acute Oral Toxicity (OPPTS Harmonized Guideline 870.1100; OECD Guidelines 425, 420, 423, 401) Conclusion: The available acute oral toxicity data were judged inadequate to meet the endpoint. Basis for Conclusion: The available data are for limit tests on undefined flame retardants for which compositional information was not provided. The authors of the studies referred to them as “non-definitive”, possibly because of the small group sizes (which, however, are consistent with current guidelines); in other respects the studies follow current guidelines. Additional Studies and Information: No deaths were observed in Sprague-Dawley rats (3/sex) given [Formulation 1] (mixture of Proprietary B and triphenyl phosphate) as a single oral dose of 5,000 mg/kg (Ref. 13). Clinical signs, which included tremors (0/3 males, 1/3 females), oral discharge, ataxia (0/3 males, 1/3 females), decreased locomotion (1/3 males, 1/3 females), chromorhinorrhea, chromodacryorrhea, and abdominogenital staining, subsided by day 11. No effects on body weight gain and no gross internal lesions were observed. A parallel acute oral study on Sprague-Dawley rats (3/sex) given [Formulation 2] at a dose of 5,000 mg/kg, reported clinical signs (abdominogenital staining and chromorhinorrhea) on the first 2 days post dosing, but no mortality, body weight gain effects, or gross internal lesions were reported (Ref. 17). Acute Dermal Toxicity (OPPTS Harmonized Guideline 870.1200; OECD Guideline 402) Conclusion: The available acute dermal toxicity data were judged inadequate to meet the endpoint. Basis for Conclusion: The available data are for limit tests on undefined flame retardants for which compositional information was not provided. The authors of the studies referred to them as “non-definitive”, possibly because of the small group sizes (which, however, are consistent with current guidelines); in other respects, the studies follow current guidelines. 5-5
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Volume 2 Chemical Hazard Reviews Fu
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LIST OF TABLES Page 1-1 Summary of
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Flame Retardant Alternatives Triphe
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Triphenyl Phosphate: Existing Data
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Type: Acute oral LD50 Species, stra
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concentration was much higher, but
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Vehicle: Not reported, but acute or
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• 90-Day Oral Toxicity in Rodents
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Subchronic Inhalation Toxicity: 90-
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hydroureter, enlarged ureter proxim
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NEUROTOXICITY Conclusion: The avail
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Critical Studies Type: Delayed neur
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Neurotoxicity (Adult) Conclusion: T
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Species, strain, sex, number: Rat,
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Type: Mitotic Gene Conversion Speci
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Study Reference Ahrens et al., 1978
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Study Reference Geiger et al., 1986
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Study Reference Mayer et al., 1981
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Study Reference Sasaki et al., 1981
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those reported in the publicly avai
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Algal Toxicity (OPPTS Harmonized Gu
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Study Reference Millington et al.,
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Chronic Toxicity to Fish (OPPT Harm
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Chronic Toxicity to Aquatic Inverte
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Log K ow Reference 4.63 Saeger, 197
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Oxidation/Reduction: No data Oxidat
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Bioconcentration Environmental Fate
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Fish Metabolism: Conclusion: The me
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Study Type/ Method Innoculum Acclim
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Sediment/Water Biodegradation: Conc
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References Ahrens, V; Henion, J; Ma
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Dorby, A; Keller, R. 1957. Vapor pr
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Johnson, MK. 1975. Organophosphorus
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Perry, R; Green, D. 1984. Vapor pre
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Flame Retardant Alternatives Tribro
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Tribromoneopentyl alcohol: Existing
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Results: Male mortality was 2/5 at
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Additional Study: An acute inhalati
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application, four rabbits displayed
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Bladder effects were seen in some o
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• Combined Repeated Dose Toxicity
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• Immunotoxicity (OPPTS Harmonize
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tissue, one with rabbit tissue) sug
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Acute Toxicity to Aquatic Organisms
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1-Propanol, 2,2-dimethyl-, tribromo
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Environmental Fate Bioconcentration
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References AmeriBrom, Inc. 1982a. A
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Flame Retardant Alternatives Tris(1
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Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phospha
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Species, strain, sex, number: Rat,
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Results: No mortality after 14 days
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Additional Studies: Another study,
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occurred in treated groups compared
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high enough to induce significant r
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Doses: 0, 25, 100, and 400 mg/kg/da
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mid-dose of 20 mg/kg/day as a LOAEL
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Critical Studies Type: Acute oral d
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English summary and therefore could
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Basis for Conclusion: TDCPP has bee
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Gene Mutation in Vivo: C Sex-linked
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TDCPP administered as 2,000 mg/kg b
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Another study showed that the 96-ho
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Study Reference Akzo- Nobel, Inc.,
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Study Reference Sasaki et al., 1981
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Table 3-2. Summary of available acu
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hours (Unpublished study conducted
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Terrestrial Organism Toxicity Acute
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Oxidation/Reduction: No data Meltin
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pH: This chemical does not contain
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Species Rate Comment Reference Kill
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Pyrolysis Products Reference When h
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Brusick, D; Matheson, D; Jagannath,
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Majeska, JB; Matheson, DW. 1983. Qu
Page 151 and 152: Thomas, MB; Collier, TA. 1985. Tolg
Page 153 and 154: Proprietary A: Chloroalkyl phosphat
Page 155 and 156: Proprietary A: Chloroalkyl phosphat
Page 157 and 158: Basis for Conclusion: The available
Page 159 and 160: Additional Studies and Information:
Page 161 and 162: Conclusion: The available subchroni
Page 163 and 164: Basis for Conclusion: No repeated-e
Page 165 and 166: Prenatal Developmental Toxicity Stu
Page 167 and 168: Combined Chronic Toxicity/Carcinoge
Page 169 and 170: Basis for Conclusion: The delayed n
Page 171 and 172: histopathological effects in the ne
Page 173 and 174: Immunotoxicity (OPPTS Harmonized Gu
Page 175 and 176: C In vitro Mammalian Cell Gene Muta
Page 177 and 178: Chromosomal Aberration in Vivo: C M
Page 179 and 180: Aquatic Organism Toxicity Ecotoxici
Page 181 and 182: Study Reference Species Tested Ref.
Page 185 and 186: Acute Toxicity to Freshwater Invert
Page 187 and 188: Chronic Toxicity to Freshwater and
Page 191 and 192: CAS MF MW SMILES Physical/Chemical
Page 193 and 194: Vapor Pressure (torr//C) Reference
Page 195 and 196: Bioconcentration Environmental Fate
Page 197 and 198: Study type/ Method Innoculum Acclim
Page 199 and 200: Flame Retardant Alternatives Propri
Page 201: Proprietary B: Aryl phosphate Exist
Page 205 and 206: Additional Studies and Information:
Page 207 and 208: were elevated in all treated groups
Page 209 and 210: Basis for Conclusion: No pertinent
Page 211 and 212: Experiment B. Doses were chosen bas
Page 213 and 214: These studies may be indicated, for
Page 215 and 216: • Mammalian Bone Marrow Chromosom
Page 217 and 218: • Algal Toxicity (OPPTS Harmonize
Page 219 and 220: Bioconcentration Fish: No data Daph
Page 221 and 222: Flame Retardant Alternatives Propri
Page 223 and 224: Proprietary C: Chloroalkyl phosphat
Page 225 and 226: Basis for Conclusion: Acute oral to
Page 227 and 228: Acute Eye Irritation (OPPTS Harmoni
Page 229 and 230: Critical Studies: Type: Dermal sens
Page 231 and 232: C Reproduction/Developmental Toxici
Page 233 and 234: • Combined Chronic Toxicity/Carci
Page 235 and 236: Gene Mutation in Vitro: • Bacteri
Page 237 and 238: Acute Toxicity to Aquatic Organisms
Page 239 and 240: • Acute Oral Toxicity in Birds (O
Page 241 and 242: Corrosion Characteristics: No data
Page 243 and 244: determined at 50°C and it was foun
Page 245 and 246: Proprietary D: Reactive brominated
Page 247 and 248: Chemical Identity Proprietary D: Re
Page 249 and 250: Acute Dermal Irritation (OPPTS Harm
Page 251 and 252: • Prenatal Developmental Toxicity
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Gene Mutation in vitro C Bacterial
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• Chronic Toxicity to Freshwater
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Bioconcentration Fish: No data Daph
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Proprietary E: Tetrabromophthalate
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Proprietary E: Tetrabromophthalate
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• Reproduction and Fertility Effe
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GENOTOXICITY Conclusion: No availab
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Acute and Subchronic Toxicity to Te
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Proprietary F: Halogenated aryl est
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Proprietary F: Halogenated aryl est
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REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY Conclusion: N
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• Neurotoxicity Screening Battery
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Basis for Conclusion: No pertinent
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Henry’s Law Constant: No data 9-1
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Anaerobic Biodegradation: No data P
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Proprietary G: Triaryl phosphate, i
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Acute Inhalation Toxicity (OPPTS Ha
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SUBCHRONIC TOXICITY Subchronic Oral
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• Prenatal Developmental Toxicity
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Composition of Proprietary G assaye
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Several components of the [Formulat
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As described in unvalidated robust
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Acute Toxicity to Aquatic Organisms
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Sediment/Water Biodegradation: No d
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Proprietary H: Halogenated aryl est
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Proprietary H: Halogenated aryl est
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REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY Conclusion: N
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IMMUNOTOXICITY Conclusion: No avail
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Henry’s Law Constant: No data 11-
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Proprietary I: Organic phosphate es
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Proprietary I: Organic phosphate es
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CARCINOGENICITY Conclusion: No avai
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No studies were located that were r
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• Chronic Toxicity to Freshwater
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Explosivity: No data Corrosion Char
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Proprietary J: Aryl phosphate Exist
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Proprietary J: Aryl phosphate Synon
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Results: No deaths. Clinical signs
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As described in a robust summary, m
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third animal on days 2 and 3 only.
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however, identify target organs tha
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Basis for Conclusion: The only avai
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Basis for Conclusion: The available
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EPA proposed guidelines (Ref. 58).
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[Formulation 2] (typically 43% Prop
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No additional, pertinent acute toxi
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Proprietary J: Aryl phosphate CAS M
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Odor: No data Oxidation/Reduction C
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Bioconcentration Environmental Fate
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Degradation and Transport Photolysi
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Sediment Temp. T 1/2 Comments Refer
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Proprietary K: Aryl phosphate Exist
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Proprietary K: Aryl phosphate CAS M
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Proprietary L: Aryl phosphate Exist
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Proprietary L: Aryl phosphate Synon
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United States Environmental Protect
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