Environmental Profiles of Chemical Flame-Retardant Alternatives for

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Indirect Photolysis in Water: No data Sediment/Soil Adsorption/Desorption: No data 2-24
References AmeriBrom, Inc. 1982a. Acute oral toxicity in the rat. Final Report. TSCA 8D submission by AmeriBrom, Inc., 1990, OTS0530263. AmeriBrom, Inc. 1982b. Primary eye irritation study in rabbits. Final Report. TSCA 8D submission by AmeriBrom, Inc., 1990, OTS0530264. AmeriBrom, Inc. 1982c. Primary dermal irritation study in rabbits. Final Report. TSCA 8D submission by AmeriBrom, Inc., 1990, OTS0530265. AmeriBrom, Inc. 1982d. Mutagenicity test according to “The Ames” method. TSCA 8D submission by AmeriBrom, Inc., 1990, OTS0530266. AmeriBrom, Inc. 1990. Assessment of mutagenic potential in histidine autotrophs of Salmonella typhimurium (The Ames Test). Final Report. TSCA 8D submission by AmeriBrom, Inc., 1990, OTS0530270. Biochemical Research Laboratory. no date. Toxicological properties and industrial handling hazards of tribromoneopentyl glycerol alcohol. TSCA 8D submission by The Dow Chemical Company, 1990, OTS0528750. Humiston, CG; Kociba, RJ; Wade, CE. 1973. Results of a 30-day dietary feeding study in rats maintained on diets containing tribromoneopentyl alcohol, FR-1360. Halogen Research Laboratory, Chemical Biology Research, Dow Chemical USA, Midland, Michigan. TSCA 8D submission by The Dow Chemical Company, 1990, OTS0528744. TSCA 8D submission by Ethyl Corporation, 1990, OTS0528518. Keeler, PA; Yakel, HO; Rampy, LW. 1974. Eye irritation and skin sensitization properties of a sample of FR-1138 (dibromoneopentyl glycol). Toxicology Research Laboratory, Dow Chemical USA. TSCA 8D submission by Dow Chemical Company, no date of receipt, OTS0516120. Litton Bionetics, Inc. 1975a. Mutagenic evaluation of compound 236-2-60 B, “pure” tribromoneopentyl alcohol >99%. Kensington, Maryland. TSCA 8D submission by The Dow Chemical Company, 1990, OTS0530089. Litton Bionetics, Inc. 1975b. Mutagenic evaluation of compound 236-2-60 D, “plant” tribromoneopentyl alcohol. Kensington, Maryland. TSCA 8D submission by The Dow Chemical Company, 1990, OTS0530090. 2-25
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Volume 2 Chemical Hazard Reviews Fu
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LIST OF TABLES Page 1-1 Summary of
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Flame Retardant Alternatives Triphe
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Triphenyl Phosphate: Existing Data
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Type: Acute oral LD50 Species, stra
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concentration was much higher, but
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Vehicle: Not reported, but acute or
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• 90-Day Oral Toxicity in Rodents
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Subchronic Inhalation Toxicity: 90-
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hydroureter, enlarged ureter proxim
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NEUROTOXICITY Conclusion: The avail
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Critical Studies Type: Delayed neur
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Neurotoxicity (Adult) Conclusion: T
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Species, strain, sex, number: Rat,
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Type: Mitotic Gene Conversion Speci
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Study Reference Ahrens et al., 1978
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Study Reference Geiger et al., 1986
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Study Reference Mayer et al., 1981
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Study Reference Sasaki et al., 1981
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those reported in the publicly avai
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Study Reference Mayer et al., 1981
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Algal Toxicity (OPPTS Harmonized Gu
Page 45 and 46: Study Reference Millington et al.,
Page 47 and 48: Study Reference Mayer et al., 1981
Page 49 and 50: Chronic Toxicity to Fish (OPPT Harm
Page 51 and 52: Chronic Toxicity to Aquatic Inverte
Page 53 and 54: Log K ow Reference 4.63 Saeger, 197
Page 55 and 56: Oxidation/Reduction: No data Oxidat
Page 57 and 58: Bioconcentration Environmental Fate
Page 59 and 60: Fish Metabolism: Conclusion: The me
Page 61 and 62: Study Type/ Method Innoculum Acclim
Page 63 and 64: Sediment/Water Biodegradation: Conc
Page 65 and 66: References Ahrens, V; Henion, J; Ma
Page 67 and 68: Dorby, A; Keller, R. 1957. Vapor pr
Page 69 and 70: Johnson, MK. 1975. Organophosphorus
Page 71 and 72: Perry, R; Green, D. 1984. Vapor pre
Page 73 and 74: Flame Retardant Alternatives Tribro
Page 75 and 76: Tribromoneopentyl alcohol: Existing
Page 77 and 78: Results: Male mortality was 2/5 at
Page 79 and 80: Additional Study: An acute inhalati
Page 81 and 82: application, four rabbits displayed
Page 83 and 84: Bladder effects were seen in some o
Page 85 and 86: • Combined Repeated Dose Toxicity
Page 87 and 88: • Immunotoxicity (OPPTS Harmonize
Page 89 and 90: tissue, one with rabbit tissue) sug
Page 91 and 92: Acute Toxicity to Aquatic Organisms
Page 93 and 94: 1-Propanol, 2,2-dimethyl-, tribromo
Page 95: Environmental Fate Bioconcentration
Page 99 and 100: Flame Retardant Alternatives Tris(1
Page 101 and 102: Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phospha
Page 103 and 104: Species, strain, sex, number: Rat,
Page 105 and 106: Results: No mortality after 14 days
Page 107 and 108: Additional Studies: Another study,
Page 109 and 110: occurred in treated groups compared
Page 111 and 112: high enough to induce significant r
Page 113 and 114: Doses: 0, 25, 100, and 400 mg/kg/da
Page 115 and 116: mid-dose of 20 mg/kg/day as a LOAEL
Page 117 and 118: Critical Studies Type: Acute oral d
Page 119 and 120: English summary and therefore could
Page 121 and 122: Basis for Conclusion: TDCPP has bee
Page 123 and 124: Gene Mutation in Vivo: C Sex-linked
Page 125 and 126: TDCPP administered as 2,000 mg/kg b
Page 127 and 128: Another study showed that the 96-ho
Page 129 and 130: Study Reference Akzo- Nobel, Inc.,
Page 131 and 132: Study Reference Sasaki et al., 1981
Page 133 and 134: Table 3-2. Summary of available acu
Page 135 and 136: hours (Unpublished study conducted
Page 137 and 138: Terrestrial Organism Toxicity Acute
Page 139 and 140: Oxidation/Reduction: No data Meltin
Page 141 and 142: pH: This chemical does not contain
Page 143 and 144: Species Rate Comment Reference Kill
Page 145 and 146: Pyrolysis Products Reference When h
Page 147 and 148:
Brusick, D; Matheson, D; Jagannath,
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Majeska, JB; Matheson, DW. 1983. Qu
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Thomas, MB; Collier, TA. 1985. Tolg
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Proprietary A: Chloroalkyl phosphat
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Proprietary A: Chloroalkyl phosphat
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Basis for Conclusion: The available
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Additional Studies and Information:
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Conclusion: The available subchroni
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Basis for Conclusion: No repeated-e
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Prenatal Developmental Toxicity Stu
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Combined Chronic Toxicity/Carcinoge
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Basis for Conclusion: The delayed n
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histopathological effects in the ne
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Immunotoxicity (OPPTS Harmonized Gu
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C In vitro Mammalian Cell Gene Muta
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Chromosomal Aberration in Vivo: C M
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Aquatic Organism Toxicity Ecotoxici
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Study Reference Species Tested Ref.
Page 183 and 184:
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Acute Toxicity to Freshwater Invert
Page 187 and 188:
Chronic Toxicity to Freshwater and
Page 189 and 190:
Page 191 and 192:
CAS MF MW SMILES Physical/Chemical
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Vapor Pressure (torr//C) Reference
Page 195 and 196:
Bioconcentration Environmental Fate
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Study type/ Method Innoculum Acclim
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Flame Retardant Alternatives Propri
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Proprietary B: Aryl phosphate Exist
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ACUTE TOXICITY Human Health Endpoin
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Additional Studies and Information:
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were elevated in all treated groups
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Basis for Conclusion: No pertinent
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Experiment B. Doses were chosen bas
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These studies may be indicated, for
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• Mammalian Bone Marrow Chromosom
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• Algal Toxicity (OPPTS Harmonize
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Bioconcentration Fish: No data Daph
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Flame Retardant Alternatives Propri
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Proprietary C: Chloroalkyl phosphat
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Basis for Conclusion: Acute oral to
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Acute Eye Irritation (OPPTS Harmoni
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Critical Studies: Type: Dermal sens
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C Reproduction/Developmental Toxici
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• Combined Chronic Toxicity/Carci
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Gene Mutation in Vitro: • Bacteri
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Acute Toxicity to Aquatic Organisms
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• Acute Oral Toxicity in Birds (O
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Corrosion Characteristics: No data
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determined at 50°C and it was foun
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Proprietary D: Reactive brominated
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Chemical Identity Proprietary D: Re
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Acute Dermal Irritation (OPPTS Harm
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• Prenatal Developmental Toxicity
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Gene Mutation in vitro C Bacterial
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• Chronic Toxicity to Freshwater
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Proprietary E: Tetrabromophthalate
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Proprietary E: Tetrabromophthalate
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• Reproduction and Fertility Effe
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GENOTOXICITY Conclusion: No availab
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Acute and Subchronic Toxicity to Te
Page 269 and 270:
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Proprietary F: Halogenated aryl est
Page 273 and 274:
Proprietary F: Halogenated aryl est
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REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY Conclusion: N
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• Neurotoxicity Screening Battery
Page 279 and 280:
Page 281 and 282:
Henry’s Law Constant: No data 9-1
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Anaerobic Biodegradation: No data P
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Proprietary G: Triaryl phosphate, i
Page 287 and 288:
Page 289 and 290:
Acute Inhalation Toxicity (OPPTS Ha
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SUBCHRONIC TOXICITY Subchronic Oral
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• Prenatal Developmental Toxicity
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Composition of Proprietary G assaye
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Several components of the [Formulat
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As described in unvalidated robust
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Acute Toxicity to Aquatic Organisms
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Sediment/Water Biodegradation: No d
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Proprietary H: Halogenated aryl est
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Proprietary H: Halogenated aryl est
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REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY Conclusion: N
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IMMUNOTOXICITY Conclusion: No avail
Page 315 and 316:
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Henry’s Law Constant: No data 11-
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Proprietary I: Organic phosphate es
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Proprietary I: Organic phosphate es
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CARCINOGENICITY Conclusion: No avai
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No studies were located that were r
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• Chronic Toxicity to Freshwater
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Explosivity: No data Corrosion Char
Page 335 and 336:
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Proprietary J: Aryl phosphate Exist
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Proprietary J: Aryl phosphate Synon
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Results: No deaths. Clinical signs
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As described in a robust summary, m
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third animal on days 2 and 3 only.
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however, identify target organs tha
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Basis for Conclusion: The only avai
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Basis for Conclusion: The available
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EPA proposed guidelines (Ref. 58).
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[Formulation 2] (typically 43% Prop
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No additional, pertinent acute toxi
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Proprietary J: Aryl phosphate CAS M
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Odor: No data Oxidation/Reduction C
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Bioconcentration Environmental Fate
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Degradation and Transport Photolysi
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Sediment Temp. T 1/2 Comments Refer
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Proprietary K: Aryl phosphate Exist
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Proprietary K: Aryl phosphate CAS M
Page 373 and 374:
Page 375 and 376:
Page 377 and 378:
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Proprietary L: Aryl phosphate Exist
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Proprietary L: Aryl phosphate Synon
Page 385 and 386:
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Page 393:
United States Environmental Protect
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