Environmental Profiles of Chemical Flame-Retardant Alternatives for

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Proprietary L: Aryl phosphate Existing Data Summary Table – Properties, Fate, and Ecotoxicity T= Endpoint characterized by existing data * = Data available but not adequate Y = Endpoint not applicable As noted in this key, a check mark indicates that an endpoint was adequately characterized by existing studies. It does not indicate a positive or negative result for that particular endpoint. P/Chem Properties Water solubility Octanol/water partition coefficient Oxidation/reduction Melting point Boiling point Vapor pressure Odor Oxidation/reduction chemical incompatibility Flammability Explosivity Corrosion characteristics pH UV/visible absorption Viscosity Density/relative density/bulk density Dissociation constant in water Henry’s Law constant Environmental Fate Bioconcentration Fish Daphnids Green algae Oysters Earthworms Metabolism in fish Degradation and Transport Photolysis, atmosphere Photolysis, water Photolysis in soil Aerobic biodegradation Anaerobic biodegradation Porous pot test Pyrolysis Hydrolysis as a function of pH Sediment/water biodegradation Soil biodegradation w/ product identification Indirect photolysis in water Sediment/soil adsorption/desorption 15-3 Ecotoxicity Aquatic Toxicity Fish acute LC50 Daphnia acute EC50 Mysid shrimp acute LC50 Green algae EC50, NOAEC, LOAEC Fish chronic NOAEC, LOAEC Daphnia chronic NOAEC, LOAEC Mysid shrimp chronic NOAEC, LOAEC Terrestrial Organism Toxicity Bird LD50 (two species) Bird LC50 (two species) Bird reproduction Earthworm subchronic EC50, LC50, NOAEC, LOAEC
Proprietary L: Aryl phosphate Synonyms CAS MF MW SMILES ACUTE TOXICITY Conclusion: No available acute toxicity data. Basis for Conclusion: Chemical Identity Human Health Endpoints No acute toxicity studies were located that addressed the endpoints in the guidelines listed below. • Acute Oral Toxicity (OPPTS Harmonized Guideline 870.1100; OECD Guidelines 425, 420, 423, 401) • Acute Dermal Toxicity (OPPTS Harmonized Guideline 870.1200; OECD Guideline 402) • Acute Inhalation Toxicity (OPPTS Harmonized Guideline 870.1300 (OECD Guideline 403) • Acute Eye Irritation (OPPTS Harmonized Guideline 870.2400; OECD Guideline 405) • Acute Dermal Irritation (OPPTS Harmonized Guideline 870.2500; OECD Guideline 404) Skin Sensitization (OPPTS Harmonized Guideline 870.2600; OECD Guideline 429) Conclusion: The skin sensitization endpoint is not satisfied. Basis for Conclusion No studies were located that followed or were similar to the guideline listed above or otherwise addressed skin sensitization. 15-4
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Volume 2 Chemical Hazard Reviews Fu
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LIST OF TABLES Page 1-1 Summary of
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Flame Retardant Alternatives Triphe
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Triphenyl Phosphate: Existing Data
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Type: Acute oral LD50 Species, stra
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concentration was much higher, but
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Vehicle: Not reported, but acute or
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• 90-Day Oral Toxicity in Rodents
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Subchronic Inhalation Toxicity: 90-
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hydroureter, enlarged ureter proxim
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NEUROTOXICITY Conclusion: The avail
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Critical Studies Type: Delayed neur
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Neurotoxicity (Adult) Conclusion: T
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Species, strain, sex, number: Rat,
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Type: Mitotic Gene Conversion Speci
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Study Reference Ahrens et al., 1978
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Study Reference Geiger et al., 1986
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Study Reference Mayer et al., 1981
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Study Reference Sasaki et al., 1981
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those reported in the publicly avai
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Algal Toxicity (OPPTS Harmonized Gu
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Study Reference Millington et al.,
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Chronic Toxicity to Fish (OPPT Harm
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Chronic Toxicity to Aquatic Inverte
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Log K ow Reference 4.63 Saeger, 197
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Oxidation/Reduction: No data Oxidat
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Bioconcentration Environmental Fate
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Fish Metabolism: Conclusion: The me
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Study Type/ Method Innoculum Acclim
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Sediment/Water Biodegradation: Conc
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References Ahrens, V; Henion, J; Ma
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Dorby, A; Keller, R. 1957. Vapor pr
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Johnson, MK. 1975. Organophosphorus
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Perry, R; Green, D. 1984. Vapor pre
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Flame Retardant Alternatives Tribro
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Tribromoneopentyl alcohol: Existing
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Results: Male mortality was 2/5 at
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Additional Study: An acute inhalati
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application, four rabbits displayed
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Bladder effects were seen in some o
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• Combined Repeated Dose Toxicity
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• Immunotoxicity (OPPTS Harmonize
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tissue, one with rabbit tissue) sug
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Acute Toxicity to Aquatic Organisms
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1-Propanol, 2,2-dimethyl-, tribromo
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Environmental Fate Bioconcentration
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References AmeriBrom, Inc. 1982a. A
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Flame Retardant Alternatives Tris(1
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Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phospha
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Species, strain, sex, number: Rat,
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Results: No mortality after 14 days
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Additional Studies: Another study,
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occurred in treated groups compared
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high enough to induce significant r
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Doses: 0, 25, 100, and 400 mg/kg/da
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mid-dose of 20 mg/kg/day as a LOAEL
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Critical Studies Type: Acute oral d
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English summary and therefore could
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Basis for Conclusion: TDCPP has bee
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Gene Mutation in Vivo: C Sex-linked
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TDCPP administered as 2,000 mg/kg b
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Another study showed that the 96-ho
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Study Reference Akzo- Nobel, Inc.,
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Study Reference Sasaki et al., 1981
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Table 3-2. Summary of available acu
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hours (Unpublished study conducted
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Terrestrial Organism Toxicity Acute
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Oxidation/Reduction: No data Meltin
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pH: This chemical does not contain
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Species Rate Comment Reference Kill
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Pyrolysis Products Reference When h
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Brusick, D; Matheson, D; Jagannath,
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Majeska, JB; Matheson, DW. 1983. Qu
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Thomas, MB; Collier, TA. 1985. Tolg
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Proprietary A: Chloroalkyl phosphat
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Proprietary A: Chloroalkyl phosphat
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Basis for Conclusion: The available
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Additional Studies and Information:
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Conclusion: The available subchroni
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Basis for Conclusion: No repeated-e
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Prenatal Developmental Toxicity Stu
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Combined Chronic Toxicity/Carcinoge
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Basis for Conclusion: The delayed n
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histopathological effects in the ne
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Immunotoxicity (OPPTS Harmonized Gu
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C In vitro Mammalian Cell Gene Muta
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Chromosomal Aberration in Vivo: C M
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Aquatic Organism Toxicity Ecotoxici
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Study Reference Species Tested Ref.
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Acute Toxicity to Freshwater Invert
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Chronic Toxicity to Freshwater and
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CAS MF MW SMILES Physical/Chemical
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Vapor Pressure (torr//C) Reference
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Bioconcentration Environmental Fate
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Study type/ Method Innoculum Acclim
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Flame Retardant Alternatives Propri
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Proprietary B: Aryl phosphate Exist
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ACUTE TOXICITY Human Health Endpoin
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Additional Studies and Information:
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were elevated in all treated groups
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Basis for Conclusion: No pertinent
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Experiment B. Doses were chosen bas
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These studies may be indicated, for
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• Mammalian Bone Marrow Chromosom
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• Algal Toxicity (OPPTS Harmonize
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Bioconcentration Fish: No data Daph
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Flame Retardant Alternatives Propri
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Proprietary C: Chloroalkyl phosphat
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Basis for Conclusion: Acute oral to
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Acute Eye Irritation (OPPTS Harmoni
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Critical Studies: Type: Dermal sens
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C Reproduction/Developmental Toxici
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• Combined Chronic Toxicity/Carci
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Gene Mutation in Vitro: • Bacteri
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• Acute Oral Toxicity in Birds (O
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Corrosion Characteristics: No data
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determined at 50°C and it was foun
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Proprietary D: Reactive brominated
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Chemical Identity Proprietary D: Re
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Acute Dermal Irritation (OPPTS Harm
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• Prenatal Developmental Toxicity
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Gene Mutation in vitro C Bacterial
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• Chronic Toxicity to Freshwater
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Proprietary E: Tetrabromophthalate
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Proprietary E: Tetrabromophthalate
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• Reproduction and Fertility Effe
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GENOTOXICITY Conclusion: No availab
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Acute and Subchronic Toxicity to Te
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Proprietary F: Halogenated aryl est
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Proprietary F: Halogenated aryl est
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REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY Conclusion: N
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• Neurotoxicity Screening Battery
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Henry’s Law Constant: No data 9-1
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Anaerobic Biodegradation: No data P
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Proprietary G: Triaryl phosphate, i
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Acute Inhalation Toxicity (OPPTS Ha
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SUBCHRONIC TOXICITY Subchronic Oral
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• Prenatal Developmental Toxicity
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Composition of Proprietary G assaye
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Several components of the [Formulat
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As described in unvalidated robust
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Sediment/Water Biodegradation: No d
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Proprietary H: Halogenated aryl est
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Proprietary H: Halogenated aryl est
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REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY Conclusion: N
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IMMUNOTOXICITY Conclusion: No avail
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Henry’s Law Constant: No data 11-
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Anaerobic Biodegradation: No data P
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Proprietary I: Organic phosphate es
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Proprietary I: Organic phosphate es
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CARCINOGENICITY Conclusion: No avai
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No studies were located that were r
Page 331 and 332: • Chronic Toxicity to Freshwater
Page 333 and 334: Explosivity: No data Corrosion Char
Page 335 and 336: Anaerobic Biodegradation: No data P
Page 337 and 338: Proprietary J: Aryl phosphate Exist
Page 339 and 340: Proprietary J: Aryl phosphate Synon
Page 341 and 342: Results: No deaths. Clinical signs
Page 343 and 344: As described in a robust summary, m
Page 345 and 346: third animal on days 2 and 3 only.
Page 347 and 348: however, identify target organs tha
Page 349 and 350: Basis for Conclusion: The only avai
Page 351 and 352: Basis for Conclusion: The available
Page 353 and 354: EPA proposed guidelines (Ref. 58).
Page 355 and 356: [Formulation 2] (typically 43% Prop
Page 357 and 358: No additional, pertinent acute toxi
Page 359 and 360: Proprietary J: Aryl phosphate CAS M
Page 361 and 362: Odor: No data Oxidation/Reduction C
Page 363 and 364: Bioconcentration Environmental Fate
Page 365 and 366: Degradation and Transport Photolysi
Page 367 and 368: Sediment Temp. T 1/2 Comments Refer
Page 369 and 370: Proprietary K: Aryl phosphate Exist
Page 371 and 372: Proprietary K: Aryl phosphate CAS M
Page 373 and 374: • Reproduction and Fertility Effe
Page 375 and 376: GENOTOXICITY Conclusion: No availab
Page 377 and 378: Acute and Subchronic Toxicity to Te
Page 379 and 380: Bioconcentration Fish: No data Daph
Page 381: Proprietary L: Aryl phosphate Exist
Page 385 and 386: • Reproduction and Fertility Effe
Page 387 and 388: GENOTOXICITY Conclusion: No availab
Page 389 and 390: Acute and Subchronic Toxicity to Te
Page 391 and 392: Bioconcentration Fish: No data Daph
Page 393: United States Environmental Protect
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Environmental Profiles of Chemical Flame-Retardant Alternatives for

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