Environmental Profiles of Chemical Flame-Retardant Alternatives for

Majeska, JB; Matheson, DW. 1983. Quantitative estimate of mutagenicity of tris-(1,3-dichloro­
2-propyl) phosphate (TCPP) and its possible metabolites in Salmonella. Environ. Mutagen. 5:
478-479.
Mortelmans, K; Haworth, S; Lawlor, T; et al. 1986. Salmonella mutagenicity tests: II. Results
from the testing of 270 chemicals. Environ. Mutagen. 8(Suppl. 7): 1-119.
Nakamura, A; Tateno, N; Kojima, S; et al. 1979. Mutagenicity of halogenated alkanols and
their phosphoric acid esters for Salmonella typhimurium. Mutat. Res. 66: 373-380.
NICNAS. 2001. Triphosphates. Priority Existing Chemical Assessment Report No. 17.
National Industrial Chemicals Notification and Assessment Scheme. June 2001.
Commonwealth of Australia, 2000.
NRC (National Research Council). 2000. Tris(1,3-dichloropropyl-2) phosphate. In:
toxicological risks of selected flame retardant chemicals. National Academy Press: Washington,
D.C. p358-386.
Prival, MJ; McCoy, EC; Gutter, B; et al. 1977. Tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate:
mutagenicity of a widely used flame retardant. Science. 195: 76-78.
SafePharm. 1993a. Acute toxicity to rainbow trout (Amgard TDCP). Derby, England,
SafePharm Laboratories (Unpublished report No. 071/272). Cited in IPCS, 1998.
SafePharm. 1993b. Acute toxicity to Daphnia magna (Amgard TDCP). Derby, England,
SafePharm Laboratories (Unpublished report No. 071/271). Cited in IPCS, 1998.
SafePharm. 1994. Assessment of the algistatic effect of Amgard TDCP. Derby, England,
SafePharm Laboratories (Unpublished report No. 071/273). Cited in IPCS, 1998.
SafePharm. 1996. Acute toxicity to earthworms (Amgard TMCP). Derby, England, SafePharm
Laboratories (Unpublished report No. 071/458). Cited in IPCS, 1998.
Sasaki, K; Takeda, M; Uchiyama, M. 1981. Toxicity, absorption, and elimination of phosphoric
acid triesters by killifish and goldfish. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 27: 775-782.
Sasaki, K; Suzuki, T; Takeda, M. 1982. Bioconcentration and excretion of phosphoric acid
triesters by killifish (Oryzeas latipes). Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 28: 752-759.
Soederlund, EJ; Dybing, E; Holme, JA; et al. 1985. Comparative genotoxicity and
nephrotoxicity studies of the two halogenated flame retardants tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)
phosphate and tris(2,3-dibromopropyl)phosphate. Acta Pharmacol. Toxicol. 56: 20-29.
3-51