Environmental Profiles of Chemical Flame-Retardant Alternatives for

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Subchronic Inhalation Toxicity: 90-Day Inhalation Toxicity (OPPTS Harmonized Guideline 870.3465; OECD Guideline 413) Conclusion: No available subchronic inhalation toxicity data. Basis for Conclusion: No studies of this type were located. REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY Conclusion: No available reproductive toxicity data. Basis for Conclusion: No pertinent studies were located that addressed the reproductive toxicity endpoints in the guidelines listed below. • Reproduction/Developmental Toxicity Screening (OPPTS Harmonized Guideline 870.3550; OECD Guideline 421) • Combined Repeated Dose Toxicity Study with the Reproduction/Developmental Toxicity Screening Test (OPPTS Harmonized Guideline 870.3650; OECD Guideline 422) • Reproduction and Fertility Effects (OPPTS Harmonized Guideline 870.3800; OECD Guideline 416) DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY Conclusion: No available developmental toxicity data. Basis for Conclusion: No pertinent studies were located that addressed the developmental toxicity endpoints in the guidelines listed below. • Prenatal Developmental Toxicity Study (OPPTS Harmonized Guideline 870.3700; OECD Guideline 414) 2-12
• Combined Repeated Dose Toxicity Study with the Reproduction/Developmental Toxicity Screening Test (OPPTS Harmonized Guideline 870.3650; OECD Guideline 422) • Reproduction/Developmental Toxicity Screening (OPPTS Harmonized Guideline 870.3550; OECD Guideline 421) CHRONIC TOXICITY Conclusion: No available chronic toxicity data. Basis for Conclusion: No pertinent were located that addressed the chronic toxicity studies endpoints in the guidelines listed below. • Chronic Toxicity (OPPTS Harmonized Guideline 870.4100; OECD Guideline 452) • Combined Chronic Toxicity/Carcinogenicity (OPPTS Harmonized Guideline 870.4300; OECD Guideline 453) CARCINOGENICITY Conclusion: No available carcinogenicity data. Basis for Conclusion: No pertinent studies were located that addressed the carcinogenicity endpoints in the guidelines listed below. • Carcinogenicity (OPPTS Harmonized Guideline 870.4200; OECD Guideline 451) • Combined Chronic Toxicity/Carcinogenicity (OPPTS Harmonized Guideline 870.4300; OECD Guideline 453) NEUROTOXICITY Conclusion: No available neurotoxicity data. 2-13
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Volume 2 Chemical Hazard Reviews Fu
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LIST OF TABLES Page 1-1 Summary of
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Flame Retardant Alternatives Triphe
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Triphenyl Phosphate: Existing Data
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Type: Acute oral LD50 Species, stra
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concentration was much higher, but
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Vehicle: Not reported, but acute or
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• 90-Day Oral Toxicity in Rodents
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Subchronic Inhalation Toxicity: 90-
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hydroureter, enlarged ureter proxim
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NEUROTOXICITY Conclusion: The avail
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Critical Studies Type: Delayed neur
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Neurotoxicity (Adult) Conclusion: T
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Species, strain, sex, number: Rat,
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Type: Mitotic Gene Conversion Speci
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Study Reference Ahrens et al., 1978
Page 33 and 34: Study Reference Geiger et al., 1986
Page 35 and 36: Study Reference Mayer et al., 1981
Page 37 and 38: Study Reference Sasaki et al., 1981
Page 39 and 40: those reported in the publicly avai
Page 43 and 44: Algal Toxicity (OPPTS Harmonized Gu
Page 45 and 46: Study Reference Millington et al.,
Page 49 and 50: Chronic Toxicity to Fish (OPPT Harm
Page 51 and 52: Chronic Toxicity to Aquatic Inverte
Page 53 and 54: Log K ow Reference 4.63 Saeger, 197
Page 55 and 56: Oxidation/Reduction: No data Oxidat
Page 57 and 58: Bioconcentration Environmental Fate
Page 59 and 60: Fish Metabolism: Conclusion: The me
Page 61 and 62: Study Type/ Method Innoculum Acclim
Page 63 and 64: Sediment/Water Biodegradation: Conc
Page 65 and 66: References Ahrens, V; Henion, J; Ma
Page 67 and 68: Dorby, A; Keller, R. 1957. Vapor pr
Page 69 and 70: Johnson, MK. 1975. Organophosphorus
Page 71 and 72: Perry, R; Green, D. 1984. Vapor pre
Page 73 and 74: Flame Retardant Alternatives Tribro
Page 75 and 76: Tribromoneopentyl alcohol: Existing
Page 77 and 78: Results: Male mortality was 2/5 at
Page 79 and 80: Additional Study: An acute inhalati
Page 81 and 82: application, four rabbits displayed
Page 83: Bladder effects were seen in some o
Page 87 and 88: • Immunotoxicity (OPPTS Harmonize
Page 89 and 90: tissue, one with rabbit tissue) sug
Page 91 and 92: Acute Toxicity to Aquatic Organisms
Page 93 and 94: 1-Propanol, 2,2-dimethyl-, tribromo
Page 95 and 96: Environmental Fate Bioconcentration
Page 97 and 98: References AmeriBrom, Inc. 1982a. A
Page 99 and 100: Flame Retardant Alternatives Tris(1
Page 101 and 102: Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phospha
Page 103 and 104: Species, strain, sex, number: Rat,
Page 105 and 106: Results: No mortality after 14 days
Page 107 and 108: Additional Studies: Another study,
Page 109 and 110: occurred in treated groups compared
Page 111 and 112: high enough to induce significant r
Page 113 and 114: Doses: 0, 25, 100, and 400 mg/kg/da
Page 115 and 116: mid-dose of 20 mg/kg/day as a LOAEL
Page 117 and 118: Critical Studies Type: Acute oral d
Page 119 and 120: English summary and therefore could
Page 121 and 122: Basis for Conclusion: TDCPP has bee
Page 123 and 124: Gene Mutation in Vivo: C Sex-linked
Page 125 and 126: TDCPP administered as 2,000 mg/kg b
Page 127 and 128: Another study showed that the 96-ho
Page 129 and 130: Study Reference Akzo- Nobel, Inc.,
Page 131 and 132: Study Reference Sasaki et al., 1981
Page 133 and 134: Table 3-2. Summary of available acu
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hours (Unpublished study conducted
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Terrestrial Organism Toxicity Acute
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Oxidation/Reduction: No data Meltin
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pH: This chemical does not contain
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Species Rate Comment Reference Kill
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Pyrolysis Products Reference When h
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Brusick, D; Matheson, D; Jagannath,
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Majeska, JB; Matheson, DW. 1983. Qu
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Thomas, MB; Collier, TA. 1985. Tolg
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Proprietary A: Chloroalkyl phosphat
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Proprietary A: Chloroalkyl phosphat
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Basis for Conclusion: The available
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Additional Studies and Information:
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Conclusion: The available subchroni
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Basis for Conclusion: No repeated-e
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Prenatal Developmental Toxicity Stu
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Combined Chronic Toxicity/Carcinoge
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Basis for Conclusion: The delayed n
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histopathological effects in the ne
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Immunotoxicity (OPPTS Harmonized Gu
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C In vitro Mammalian Cell Gene Muta
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Chromosomal Aberration in Vivo: C M
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Aquatic Organism Toxicity Ecotoxici
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Study Reference Species Tested Ref.
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Acute Toxicity to Freshwater Invert
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Chronic Toxicity to Freshwater and
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CAS MF MW SMILES Physical/Chemical
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Vapor Pressure (torr//C) Reference
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Bioconcentration Environmental Fate
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Study type/ Method Innoculum Acclim
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Flame Retardant Alternatives Propri
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Proprietary B: Aryl phosphate Exist
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ACUTE TOXICITY Human Health Endpoin
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Additional Studies and Information:
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were elevated in all treated groups
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Basis for Conclusion: No pertinent
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Experiment B. Doses were chosen bas
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These studies may be indicated, for
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• Mammalian Bone Marrow Chromosom
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• Algal Toxicity (OPPTS Harmonize
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Bioconcentration Fish: No data Daph
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Flame Retardant Alternatives Propri
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Proprietary C: Chloroalkyl phosphat
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Basis for Conclusion: Acute oral to
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Acute Eye Irritation (OPPTS Harmoni
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Critical Studies: Type: Dermal sens
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C Reproduction/Developmental Toxici
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• Combined Chronic Toxicity/Carci
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Gene Mutation in Vitro: • Bacteri
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Acute Toxicity to Aquatic Organisms
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• Acute Oral Toxicity in Birds (O
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Corrosion Characteristics: No data
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determined at 50°C and it was foun
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Proprietary D: Reactive brominated
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Chemical Identity Proprietary D: Re
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Acute Dermal Irritation (OPPTS Harm
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• Prenatal Developmental Toxicity
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Gene Mutation in vitro C Bacterial
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• Chronic Toxicity to Freshwater
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Proprietary E: Tetrabromophthalate
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Proprietary E: Tetrabromophthalate
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• Reproduction and Fertility Effe
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GENOTOXICITY Conclusion: No availab
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Acute and Subchronic Toxicity to Te
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Proprietary F: Halogenated aryl est
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Proprietary F: Halogenated aryl est
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REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY Conclusion: N
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• Neurotoxicity Screening Battery
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Henry’s Law Constant: No data 9-1
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Anaerobic Biodegradation: No data P
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Proprietary G: Triaryl phosphate, i
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Acute Inhalation Toxicity (OPPTS Ha
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SUBCHRONIC TOXICITY Subchronic Oral
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• Prenatal Developmental Toxicity
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Composition of Proprietary G assaye
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Several components of the [Formulat
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As described in unvalidated robust
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Acute Toxicity to Aquatic Organisms
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Sediment/Water Biodegradation: No d
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Proprietary H: Halogenated aryl est
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Proprietary H: Halogenated aryl est
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REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY Conclusion: N
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IMMUNOTOXICITY Conclusion: No avail
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Henry’s Law Constant: No data 11-
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Proprietary I: Organic phosphate es
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Proprietary I: Organic phosphate es
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CARCINOGENICITY Conclusion: No avai
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No studies were located that were r
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• Chronic Toxicity to Freshwater
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Explosivity: No data Corrosion Char
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Proprietary J: Aryl phosphate Exist
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Proprietary J: Aryl phosphate Synon
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Results: No deaths. Clinical signs
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As described in a robust summary, m
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third animal on days 2 and 3 only.
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however, identify target organs tha
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Basis for Conclusion: The only avai
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Basis for Conclusion: The available
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EPA proposed guidelines (Ref. 58).
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[Formulation 2] (typically 43% Prop
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No additional, pertinent acute toxi
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Proprietary J: Aryl phosphate CAS M
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Odor: No data Oxidation/Reduction C
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Bioconcentration Environmental Fate
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Degradation and Transport Photolysi
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Sediment Temp. T 1/2 Comments Refer
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Proprietary K: Aryl phosphate Exist
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Proprietary K: Aryl phosphate CAS M
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Proprietary L: Aryl phosphate Exist
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Proprietary L: Aryl phosphate Synon
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United States Environmental Protect
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