Environmental Profiles of Chemical Flame-Retardant Alternatives for

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Proprietary E: Tetrabromophthalate diol diester Existing Data Summary Table – Properties, Fate, and Ecotoxicity T= Endpoint characterized by existing data * = Data available but not adequate Y = Endpoint not applicable As noted in this key, a check mark indicates that an endpoint was adequately characterized by existing studies. It does not indicate a positive or negative result for that particular endpoint. P/Chem Properties Water solubility Octanol/water partition coefficient Oxidation/reduction Melting point Boiling point Vapor pressure Odor Oxidation/reduction chemical incompatibility Flammability Explosivity Corrosion characteristics pH UV/visible absorption Viscosity Density/relative density/bulk density Dissociation constant in water Henry’s Law constant Environmental Fate Bioconcentration Fish Daphnids Green algae Oysters Earthworms Metabolism in fish Degradation and Transport Photolysis, atmosphere Photolysis, water Photolysis in soil Aerobic biodegradation Anaerobic biodegradation Porous pot test Pyrolysis Hydrolysis as a function of pH Sediment/water biodegradation Soil biodegradation w/ product identification Indirect photolysis in water Sediment/soil adsorption/desorption 8-3 Ecotoxicity Aquatic Toxicity Fish acute LC50 Daphnia acute EC50 Mysid shrimp acute LC50 Green algae EC50, NOAEC, LOAEC Fish chronic NOAEC, LOAEC Daphnia chronic NOAEC, LOAEC Mysid shrimp chronic NOAEC, LOAEC Terrestrial Organism Toxicity Bird LD50 (two species) Bird LC50 (two species) Bird reproduction Earthworm subchronic EC50, LC50, NOAEC, LOAEC
Proprietary E: Tetrabromophthalate diol diester CAS MF MW SMILES ACUTE TOXICITY Conclusion: No available acute toxicity data. Basis for Conclusion: Chemical Identity Human Health Endpoints No acute toxicity studies were located that addressed the endpoints in the guidelines listed below. • Acute Oral Toxicity (OPPTS Harmonized Guideline 870.1100; OECD Guidelines 425, 420, 423, 401) • Acute Dermal Toxicity (OPPTS Harmonized Guideline 870.1200; OECD Guideline 402) • Acute Inhalation Toxicity (OPPTS Harmonized Guideline 870.1300 (OECD Guideline 403) • Acute Eye Irritation (OPPTS Harmonized Guideline 870.2400; OECD Guideline 405) • Acute Dermal Irritation (OPPTS Harmonized Guideline 870.2500; OECD Guideline 404) Skin Sensitization (OPPTS Harmonized Guideline 870.2600; OECD Guideline 429) Conclusion: The skin sensitization endpoint is not satisfied. Basis for Conclusion: No studies were located that followed or were similar to the guideline listed above or otherwise addressed skin sensitization. 8-4
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Volume 2 Chemical Hazard Reviews Fu
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LIST OF TABLES Page 1-1 Summary of
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Flame Retardant Alternatives Triphe
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Triphenyl Phosphate: Existing Data
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Type: Acute oral LD50 Species, stra
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concentration was much higher, but
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Vehicle: Not reported, but acute or
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• 90-Day Oral Toxicity in Rodents
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Subchronic Inhalation Toxicity: 90-
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hydroureter, enlarged ureter proxim
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NEUROTOXICITY Conclusion: The avail
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Critical Studies Type: Delayed neur
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Neurotoxicity (Adult) Conclusion: T
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Species, strain, sex, number: Rat,
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Type: Mitotic Gene Conversion Speci
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Study Reference Ahrens et al., 1978
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Study Reference Geiger et al., 1986
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Study Reference Mayer et al., 1981
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Study Reference Sasaki et al., 1981
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those reported in the publicly avai
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Algal Toxicity (OPPTS Harmonized Gu
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Study Reference Millington et al.,
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Chronic Toxicity to Fish (OPPT Harm
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Chronic Toxicity to Aquatic Inverte
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Log K ow Reference 4.63 Saeger, 197
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Oxidation/Reduction: No data Oxidat
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Bioconcentration Environmental Fate
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Fish Metabolism: Conclusion: The me
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Study Type/ Method Innoculum Acclim
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Sediment/Water Biodegradation: Conc
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References Ahrens, V; Henion, J; Ma
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Dorby, A; Keller, R. 1957. Vapor pr
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Johnson, MK. 1975. Organophosphorus
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Perry, R; Green, D. 1984. Vapor pre
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Flame Retardant Alternatives Tribro
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Tribromoneopentyl alcohol: Existing
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Results: Male mortality was 2/5 at
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Additional Study: An acute inhalati
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application, four rabbits displayed
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Bladder effects were seen in some o
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• Combined Repeated Dose Toxicity
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• Immunotoxicity (OPPTS Harmonize
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tissue, one with rabbit tissue) sug
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Acute Toxicity to Aquatic Organisms
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1-Propanol, 2,2-dimethyl-, tribromo
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Environmental Fate Bioconcentration
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References AmeriBrom, Inc. 1982a. A
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Flame Retardant Alternatives Tris(1
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Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phospha
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Species, strain, sex, number: Rat,
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Results: No mortality after 14 days
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Additional Studies: Another study,
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occurred in treated groups compared
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high enough to induce significant r
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Doses: 0, 25, 100, and 400 mg/kg/da
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mid-dose of 20 mg/kg/day as a LOAEL
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Critical Studies Type: Acute oral d
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English summary and therefore could
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Basis for Conclusion: TDCPP has bee
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Gene Mutation in Vivo: C Sex-linked
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TDCPP administered as 2,000 mg/kg b
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Another study showed that the 96-ho
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Study Reference Akzo- Nobel, Inc.,
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Study Reference Sasaki et al., 1981
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Table 3-2. Summary of available acu
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hours (Unpublished study conducted
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Terrestrial Organism Toxicity Acute
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Oxidation/Reduction: No data Meltin
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pH: This chemical does not contain
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Species Rate Comment Reference Kill
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Pyrolysis Products Reference When h
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Brusick, D; Matheson, D; Jagannath,
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Majeska, JB; Matheson, DW. 1983. Qu
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Thomas, MB; Collier, TA. 1985. Tolg
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Proprietary A: Chloroalkyl phosphat
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Proprietary A: Chloroalkyl phosphat
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Basis for Conclusion: The available
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Additional Studies and Information:
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Conclusion: The available subchroni
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Basis for Conclusion: No repeated-e
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Prenatal Developmental Toxicity Stu
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Combined Chronic Toxicity/Carcinoge
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Basis for Conclusion: The delayed n
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histopathological effects in the ne
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Immunotoxicity (OPPTS Harmonized Gu
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C In vitro Mammalian Cell Gene Muta
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Chromosomal Aberration in Vivo: C M
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Aquatic Organism Toxicity Ecotoxici
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Study Reference Species Tested Ref.
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Acute Toxicity to Freshwater Invert
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Chronic Toxicity to Freshwater and
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CAS MF MW SMILES Physical/Chemical
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Vapor Pressure (torr//C) Reference
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Study type/ Method Innoculum Acclim
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Flame Retardant Alternatives Propri
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Proprietary B: Aryl phosphate Exist
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ACUTE TOXICITY Human Health Endpoin
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Additional Studies and Information:
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were elevated in all treated groups
Page 209 and 210: Basis for Conclusion: No pertinent
Page 211 and 212: Experiment B. Doses were chosen bas
Page 213 and 214: These studies may be indicated, for
Page 215 and 216: • Mammalian Bone Marrow Chromosom
Page 217 and 218: • Algal Toxicity (OPPTS Harmonize
Page 219 and 220: Bioconcentration Fish: No data Daph
Page 221 and 222: Flame Retardant Alternatives Propri
Page 223 and 224: Proprietary C: Chloroalkyl phosphat
Page 225 and 226: Basis for Conclusion: Acute oral to
Page 227 and 228: Acute Eye Irritation (OPPTS Harmoni
Page 229 and 230: Critical Studies: Type: Dermal sens
Page 231 and 232: C Reproduction/Developmental Toxici
Page 233 and 234: • Combined Chronic Toxicity/Carci
Page 235 and 236: Gene Mutation in Vitro: • Bacteri
Page 237 and 238: Acute Toxicity to Aquatic Organisms
Page 239 and 240: • Acute Oral Toxicity in Birds (O
Page 241 and 242: Corrosion Characteristics: No data
Page 243 and 244: determined at 50°C and it was foun
Page 245 and 246: Proprietary D: Reactive brominated
Page 247 and 248: Chemical Identity Proprietary D: Re
Page 249 and 250: Acute Dermal Irritation (OPPTS Harm
Page 251 and 252: • Prenatal Developmental Toxicity
Page 253 and 254: Gene Mutation in vitro C Bacterial
Page 255 and 256: • Chronic Toxicity to Freshwater
Page 259: Proprietary E: Tetrabromophthalate
Page 263 and 264: • Reproduction and Fertility Effe
Page 265 and 266: GENOTOXICITY Conclusion: No availab
Page 267 and 268: Acute and Subchronic Toxicity to Te
Page 271 and 272: Proprietary F: Halogenated aryl est
Page 273 and 274: Proprietary F: Halogenated aryl est
Page 275 and 276: REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY Conclusion: N
Page 277 and 278: • Neurotoxicity Screening Battery
Page 279 and 280: Basis for Conclusion: No pertinent
Page 281 and 282: Henry’s Law Constant: No data 9-1
Page 283 and 284: Anaerobic Biodegradation: No data P
Page 285 and 286: Proprietary G: Triaryl phosphate, i
Page 289 and 290: Acute Inhalation Toxicity (OPPTS Ha
Page 291 and 292: SUBCHRONIC TOXICITY Subchronic Oral
Page 293 and 294: • Prenatal Developmental Toxicity
Page 295 and 296: Composition of Proprietary G assaye
Page 297 and 298: Several components of the [Formulat
Page 299 and 300: As described in unvalidated robust
Page 301 and 302: Acute Toxicity to Aquatic Organisms
Page 305 and 306: Sediment/Water Biodegradation: No d
Page 307 and 308: Proprietary H: Halogenated aryl est
Page 309 and 310: Proprietary H: Halogenated aryl est
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REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY Conclusion: N
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IMMUNOTOXICITY Conclusion: No avail
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Basis for Conclusion: No pertinent
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Henry’s Law Constant: No data 11-
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Anaerobic Biodegradation: No data P
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Proprietary I: Organic phosphate es
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Proprietary I: Organic phosphate es
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Basis for Conclusion: No pertinent
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CARCINOGENICITY Conclusion: No avai
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No studies were located that were r
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• Chronic Toxicity to Freshwater
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Explosivity: No data Corrosion Char
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Anaerobic Biodegradation: No data P
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Proprietary J: Aryl phosphate Exist
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Proprietary J: Aryl phosphate Synon
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Results: No deaths. Clinical signs
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As described in a robust summary, m
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third animal on days 2 and 3 only.
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however, identify target organs tha
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Basis for Conclusion: The only avai
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Basis for Conclusion: The available
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EPA proposed guidelines (Ref. 58).
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[Formulation 2] (typically 43% Prop
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No additional, pertinent acute toxi
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Proprietary J: Aryl phosphate CAS M
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Odor: No data Oxidation/Reduction C
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Degradation and Transport Photolysi
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Sediment Temp. T 1/2 Comments Refer
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Proprietary K: Aryl phosphate Exist
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Proprietary K: Aryl phosphate CAS M
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• Reproduction and Fertility Effe
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GENOTOXICITY Conclusion: No availab
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Acute and Subchronic Toxicity to Te
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Bioconcentration Fish: No data Daph
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Proprietary L: Aryl phosphate Exist
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Proprietary L: Aryl phosphate Synon
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• Reproduction and Fertility Effe
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GENOTOXICITY Conclusion: No availab
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Acute and Subchronic Toxicity to Te
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Bioconcentration Fish: No data Daph
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United States Environmental Protect
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