Environmental Profiles of Chemical Flame-Retardant Alternatives for

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Chronic Toxicity to Aquatic Organisms Conclusion: No available chronic toxicity data for fish and aquatic invertebrates. Basis for Conclusion: No pertinent chronic toxicity studies with fish or aquatic invertebrates were located that addressed the endpoints in the guidelines listed below. • Chronic Toxicity to Freshwater and Marine Fish (OPPTS Harmonized Guideline 850.1400; OECD Guideline 210) • Chronic Toxicity to Freshwater Invertebrates (OPPTS Harmonized Guideline 850.1300; OECD Guideline 211) • Chronic Toxicity to Marine/Estuarine Invertebrates (OPPTS Harmonized Guideline 850.1350) Acute and Subchronic Toxicity to Terrestrial Organisms Conclusion: No available acute and subchronic toxicity data for terrestrial organisms. Basis for Conclusion: No pertinent acute oral, acute dietary, or reproductive toxicity studies with birds and no subchronic toxicity studies with earthworms were located that addressed the endpoints in the guidelines listed below. • Acute Oral Toxicity in Birds (OPPTS Harmonized Guideline 850.2100) • Acute Dietary Toxicity in Birds (OPPTS Harmonized Guideline 850.2200; OECD Guideline 205) • Reproductive Toxicity in Birds (OPPTS Harmonized Guideline 850.2300; OECD Guideline 206) • Earthworm Subchronic Toxicity (OPPTS Harmonized Guideline 850.6200; OECD Guideline 207) 10-19
Proprietary G: Triaryl phosphate, isopropylated CAS MF MW SMILES Water Solubility (mg/L): No data Log K ow: No data Oxidation/Reduction: No data Melting Point: No data Vapor Pressure (torr): No data Odor: No data Physical/Chemical Properties Oxidation/Reduction Chemical Incompatibility: No data Flammability: No data Explosivity: No data Corrosion Characteristics: No data pH: No data UV/VIS Absorption: No data Viscosity: No data Density/Relative Density/Bulk Density: No data Dissociation Constant in Water: No data Henry’s Law Constant: No data 10-20
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Volume 2 Chemical Hazard Reviews Fu
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LIST OF TABLES Page 1-1 Summary of
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Flame Retardant Alternatives Triphe
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Triphenyl Phosphate: Existing Data
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Type: Acute oral LD50 Species, stra
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concentration was much higher, but
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Vehicle: Not reported, but acute or
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• 90-Day Oral Toxicity in Rodents
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Subchronic Inhalation Toxicity: 90-
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hydroureter, enlarged ureter proxim
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NEUROTOXICITY Conclusion: The avail
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Critical Studies Type: Delayed neur
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Neurotoxicity (Adult) Conclusion: T
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Species, strain, sex, number: Rat,
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Type: Mitotic Gene Conversion Speci
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Study Reference Ahrens et al., 1978
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Study Reference Geiger et al., 1986
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Study Reference Mayer et al., 1981
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Study Reference Sasaki et al., 1981
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those reported in the publicly avai
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Algal Toxicity (OPPTS Harmonized Gu
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Study Reference Millington et al.,
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Chronic Toxicity to Fish (OPPT Harm
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Chronic Toxicity to Aquatic Inverte
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Log K ow Reference 4.63 Saeger, 197
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Oxidation/Reduction: No data Oxidat
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Bioconcentration Environmental Fate
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Fish Metabolism: Conclusion: The me
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Study Type/ Method Innoculum Acclim
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Sediment/Water Biodegradation: Conc
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References Ahrens, V; Henion, J; Ma
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Dorby, A; Keller, R. 1957. Vapor pr
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Johnson, MK. 1975. Organophosphorus
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Perry, R; Green, D. 1984. Vapor pre
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Flame Retardant Alternatives Tribro
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Tribromoneopentyl alcohol: Existing
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Results: Male mortality was 2/5 at
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Additional Study: An acute inhalati
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application, four rabbits displayed
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Bladder effects were seen in some o
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• Combined Repeated Dose Toxicity
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• Immunotoxicity (OPPTS Harmonize
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tissue, one with rabbit tissue) sug
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Acute Toxicity to Aquatic Organisms
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1-Propanol, 2,2-dimethyl-, tribromo
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Environmental Fate Bioconcentration
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References AmeriBrom, Inc. 1982a. A
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Flame Retardant Alternatives Tris(1
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Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phospha
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Species, strain, sex, number: Rat,
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Results: No mortality after 14 days
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Additional Studies: Another study,
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occurred in treated groups compared
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high enough to induce significant r
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Doses: 0, 25, 100, and 400 mg/kg/da
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mid-dose of 20 mg/kg/day as a LOAEL
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Critical Studies Type: Acute oral d
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English summary and therefore could
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Basis for Conclusion: TDCPP has bee
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Gene Mutation in Vivo: C Sex-linked
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TDCPP administered as 2,000 mg/kg b
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Another study showed that the 96-ho
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Study Reference Akzo- Nobel, Inc.,
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Study Reference Sasaki et al., 1981
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Table 3-2. Summary of available acu
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hours (Unpublished study conducted
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Terrestrial Organism Toxicity Acute
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Oxidation/Reduction: No data Meltin
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pH: This chemical does not contain
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Species Rate Comment Reference Kill
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Pyrolysis Products Reference When h
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Brusick, D; Matheson, D; Jagannath,
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Majeska, JB; Matheson, DW. 1983. Qu
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Thomas, MB; Collier, TA. 1985. Tolg
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Proprietary A: Chloroalkyl phosphat
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Proprietary A: Chloroalkyl phosphat
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Basis for Conclusion: The available
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Additional Studies and Information:
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Conclusion: The available subchroni
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Basis for Conclusion: No repeated-e
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Prenatal Developmental Toxicity Stu
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Combined Chronic Toxicity/Carcinoge
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Basis for Conclusion: The delayed n
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histopathological effects in the ne
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Immunotoxicity (OPPTS Harmonized Gu
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C In vitro Mammalian Cell Gene Muta
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Chromosomal Aberration in Vivo: C M
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Aquatic Organism Toxicity Ecotoxici
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Study Reference Species Tested Ref.
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Acute Toxicity to Freshwater Invert
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Chronic Toxicity to Freshwater and
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CAS MF MW SMILES Physical/Chemical
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Vapor Pressure (torr//C) Reference
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Study type/ Method Innoculum Acclim
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Flame Retardant Alternatives Propri
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Proprietary B: Aryl phosphate Exist
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ACUTE TOXICITY Human Health Endpoin
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Additional Studies and Information:
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were elevated in all treated groups
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Basis for Conclusion: No pertinent
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Experiment B. Doses were chosen bas
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These studies may be indicated, for
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• Mammalian Bone Marrow Chromosom
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• Algal Toxicity (OPPTS Harmonize
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Bioconcentration Fish: No data Daph
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Flame Retardant Alternatives Propri
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Proprietary C: Chloroalkyl phosphat
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Basis for Conclusion: Acute oral to
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Acute Eye Irritation (OPPTS Harmoni
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Critical Studies: Type: Dermal sens
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C Reproduction/Developmental Toxici
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• Combined Chronic Toxicity/Carci
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Gene Mutation in Vitro: • Bacteri
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Acute Toxicity to Aquatic Organisms
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• Acute Oral Toxicity in Birds (O
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Corrosion Characteristics: No data
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determined at 50°C and it was foun
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Proprietary D: Reactive brominated
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Chemical Identity Proprietary D: Re
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Acute Dermal Irritation (OPPTS Harm
Page 251 and 252: • Prenatal Developmental Toxicity
Page 253 and 254: Gene Mutation in vitro C Bacterial
Page 255 and 256: • Chronic Toxicity to Freshwater
Page 257 and 258: Bioconcentration Fish: No data Daph
Page 259 and 260: Proprietary E: Tetrabromophthalate
Page 261 and 262: Proprietary E: Tetrabromophthalate
Page 263 and 264: • Reproduction and Fertility Effe
Page 265 and 266: GENOTOXICITY Conclusion: No availab
Page 267 and 268: Acute and Subchronic Toxicity to Te
Page 269 and 270: Bioconcentration Fish: No data Daph
Page 271 and 272: Proprietary F: Halogenated aryl est
Page 273 and 274: Proprietary F: Halogenated aryl est
Page 275 and 276: REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY Conclusion: N
Page 277 and 278: • Neurotoxicity Screening Battery
Page 279 and 280: Basis for Conclusion: No pertinent
Page 281 and 282: Henry’s Law Constant: No data 9-1
Page 283 and 284: Anaerobic Biodegradation: No data P
Page 285 and 286: Proprietary G: Triaryl phosphate, i
Page 287 and 288: Proprietary G: Triaryl phosphate, i
Page 289 and 290: Acute Inhalation Toxicity (OPPTS Ha
Page 291 and 292: SUBCHRONIC TOXICITY Subchronic Oral
Page 293 and 294: • Prenatal Developmental Toxicity
Page 295 and 296: Composition of Proprietary G assaye
Page 297 and 298: Several components of the [Formulat
Page 299 and 300: As described in unvalidated robust
Page 301: Acute Toxicity to Aquatic Organisms
Page 305 and 306: Sediment/Water Biodegradation: No d
Page 307 and 308: Proprietary H: Halogenated aryl est
Page 309 and 310: Proprietary H: Halogenated aryl est
Page 311 and 312: REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY Conclusion: N
Page 313 and 314: IMMUNOTOXICITY Conclusion: No avail
Page 317 and 318: Henry’s Law Constant: No data 11-
Page 321 and 322: Proprietary I: Organic phosphate es
Page 323 and 324: Proprietary I: Organic phosphate es
Page 327 and 328: CARCINOGENICITY Conclusion: No avai
Page 329 and 330: No studies were located that were r
Page 331 and 332: • Chronic Toxicity to Freshwater
Page 333 and 334: Explosivity: No data Corrosion Char
Page 337 and 338: Proprietary J: Aryl phosphate Exist
Page 339 and 340: Proprietary J: Aryl phosphate Synon
Page 341 and 342: Results: No deaths. Clinical signs
Page 343 and 344: As described in a robust summary, m
Page 345 and 346: third animal on days 2 and 3 only.
Page 347 and 348: however, identify target organs tha
Page 349 and 350: Basis for Conclusion: The only avai
Page 351 and 352: Basis for Conclusion: The available
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EPA proposed guidelines (Ref. 58).
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[Formulation 2] (typically 43% Prop
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No additional, pertinent acute toxi
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Proprietary J: Aryl phosphate CAS M
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Odor: No data Oxidation/Reduction C
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Degradation and Transport Photolysi
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Sediment Temp. T 1/2 Comments Refer
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Proprietary K: Aryl phosphate Exist
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Proprietary K: Aryl phosphate CAS M
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• Reproduction and Fertility Effe
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GENOTOXICITY Conclusion: No availab
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Acute and Subchronic Toxicity to Te
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Proprietary L: Aryl phosphate Exist
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Proprietary L: Aryl phosphate Synon
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• Reproduction and Fertility Effe
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GENOTOXICITY Conclusion: No availab
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Acute and Subchronic Toxicity to Te
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Page 393:
United States Environmental Protect
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Environmental Profiles of Chemical Flame-Retardant Alternatives for

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