Environmental Profiles of Chemical Flame-Retardant Alternatives for

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Basis for Conclusion: No pertinent neurotoxicity studies were located that addressed the endpoints in the guidelines listed below. Delayed Neurotoxicity • Acute and 28-Day Delayed Neurotoxicity of Organophosphorus Substances (OPPTS Harmonized Guideline 870.6100; OECD Guideline 418, 419) • Note this guideline is not relevant for Proprietary D, which is not an organophosphorus substance. Neurotoxicity (Adult) • Neurotoxicity Screening Battery (OPPTS Harmonized Guideline 870.6200; OECD Guideline 424) Developmental Neurotoxicity • Developmental Neurotoxicity: Developmental Neurotoxicity Study (OPPTS Harmonized Guideline 870.6300) IMMUNOTOXICITY Conclusion: No available immunotoxicity data. Basis for Conclusion: No pertinent studies of immunotoxicity were located that addressed the endpoints in the guideline listed below. • Immunotoxicity (OPPTS Harmonized Guideline 870.7800) GENOTOXICITY Conclusion: The available gene mutation data were judged inadequate to meet the endpoint. Basis for Conclusion: Two in vitro gene mutation studies were conducted, but were only available as incomplete robust summaries. Studies of chromosomal aberrations were not available, however, and are needed for adequate characterization of the genotoxicity endpoint. 7-9
Gene Mutation in vitro C Bacterial Reverse Mutation Test (OPPTS Harmonized Guideline 870.5100; OECD Guideline 471) An in vitro gene mutation study reported negative results in Salmonella typhimurium bacteria (strains not specified) and in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (D4) at concentrations up to 1.0 µg/plate of Proprietary D, with and without metabolic activation (Ref. 3). An additional in vitro gene mutation study, reported negative results in Salmonella typhimurium bacteria (TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98, and TA 100) at concentrations up to 5,000 µg/plate (which was cytotoxic) of [Formulation 1] (a trade name for Proprietary D), with and without metabolic activation. Negative and positive controls were used (Ref. 4). No genotoxicity studies relevant to the below categories or to other types of genotoxic effects were located. Gene Mutation in Vivo Chromosomal Aberrations in Vitro Chromosomal Aberrations in Vivo DNA Damage and Repair 7-10
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Volume 2 Chemical Hazard Reviews Fu
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LIST OF TABLES Page 1-1 Summary of
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Flame Retardant Alternatives Triphe
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Triphenyl Phosphate: Existing Data
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Type: Acute oral LD50 Species, stra
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concentration was much higher, but
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Vehicle: Not reported, but acute or
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• 90-Day Oral Toxicity in Rodents
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Subchronic Inhalation Toxicity: 90-
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hydroureter, enlarged ureter proxim
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NEUROTOXICITY Conclusion: The avail
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Critical Studies Type: Delayed neur
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Neurotoxicity (Adult) Conclusion: T
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Species, strain, sex, number: Rat,
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Type: Mitotic Gene Conversion Speci
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Study Reference Ahrens et al., 1978
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Study Reference Geiger et al., 1986
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Study Reference Mayer et al., 1981
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Study Reference Sasaki et al., 1981
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those reported in the publicly avai
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Algal Toxicity (OPPTS Harmonized Gu
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Study Reference Millington et al.,
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Chronic Toxicity to Fish (OPPT Harm
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Chronic Toxicity to Aquatic Inverte
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Log K ow Reference 4.63 Saeger, 197
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Oxidation/Reduction: No data Oxidat
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Bioconcentration Environmental Fate
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Fish Metabolism: Conclusion: The me
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Study Type/ Method Innoculum Acclim
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Sediment/Water Biodegradation: Conc
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References Ahrens, V; Henion, J; Ma
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Dorby, A; Keller, R. 1957. Vapor pr
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Johnson, MK. 1975. Organophosphorus
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Perry, R; Green, D. 1984. Vapor pre
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Flame Retardant Alternatives Tribro
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Tribromoneopentyl alcohol: Existing
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Results: Male mortality was 2/5 at
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Additional Study: An acute inhalati
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application, four rabbits displayed
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Bladder effects were seen in some o
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• Combined Repeated Dose Toxicity
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• Immunotoxicity (OPPTS Harmonize
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tissue, one with rabbit tissue) sug
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Acute Toxicity to Aquatic Organisms
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1-Propanol, 2,2-dimethyl-, tribromo
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Environmental Fate Bioconcentration
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References AmeriBrom, Inc. 1982a. A
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Flame Retardant Alternatives Tris(1
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Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phospha
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Species, strain, sex, number: Rat,
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Results: No mortality after 14 days
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Additional Studies: Another study,
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occurred in treated groups compared
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high enough to induce significant r
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Doses: 0, 25, 100, and 400 mg/kg/da
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mid-dose of 20 mg/kg/day as a LOAEL
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Critical Studies Type: Acute oral d
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English summary and therefore could
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Basis for Conclusion: TDCPP has bee
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Gene Mutation in Vivo: C Sex-linked
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TDCPP administered as 2,000 mg/kg b
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Another study showed that the 96-ho
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Study Reference Akzo- Nobel, Inc.,
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Study Reference Sasaki et al., 1981
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Table 3-2. Summary of available acu
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hours (Unpublished study conducted
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Terrestrial Organism Toxicity Acute
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Oxidation/Reduction: No data Meltin
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pH: This chemical does not contain
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Species Rate Comment Reference Kill
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Pyrolysis Products Reference When h
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Brusick, D; Matheson, D; Jagannath,
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Majeska, JB; Matheson, DW. 1983. Qu
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Thomas, MB; Collier, TA. 1985. Tolg
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Proprietary A: Chloroalkyl phosphat
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Proprietary A: Chloroalkyl phosphat
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Basis for Conclusion: The available
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Additional Studies and Information:
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Conclusion: The available subchroni
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Basis for Conclusion: No repeated-e
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Prenatal Developmental Toxicity Stu
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Combined Chronic Toxicity/Carcinoge
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Basis for Conclusion: The delayed n
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histopathological effects in the ne
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Immunotoxicity (OPPTS Harmonized Gu
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C In vitro Mammalian Cell Gene Muta
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Chromosomal Aberration in Vivo: C M
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Aquatic Organism Toxicity Ecotoxici
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Study Reference Species Tested Ref.
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Acute Toxicity to Freshwater Invert
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Chronic Toxicity to Freshwater and
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CAS MF MW SMILES Physical/Chemical
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Vapor Pressure (torr//C) Reference
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Study type/ Method Innoculum Acclim
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Flame Retardant Alternatives Propri
Page 201 and 202: Proprietary B: Aryl phosphate Exist
Page 203 and 204: ACUTE TOXICITY Human Health Endpoin
Page 205 and 206: Additional Studies and Information:
Page 207 and 208: were elevated in all treated groups
Page 209 and 210: Basis for Conclusion: No pertinent
Page 211 and 212: Experiment B. Doses were chosen bas
Page 213 and 214: These studies may be indicated, for
Page 215 and 216: • Mammalian Bone Marrow Chromosom
Page 217 and 218: • Algal Toxicity (OPPTS Harmonize
Page 219 and 220: Bioconcentration Fish: No data Daph
Page 221 and 222: Flame Retardant Alternatives Propri
Page 223 and 224: Proprietary C: Chloroalkyl phosphat
Page 225 and 226: Basis for Conclusion: Acute oral to
Page 227 and 228: Acute Eye Irritation (OPPTS Harmoni
Page 229 and 230: Critical Studies: Type: Dermal sens
Page 231 and 232: C Reproduction/Developmental Toxici
Page 233 and 234: • Combined Chronic Toxicity/Carci
Page 235 and 236: Gene Mutation in Vitro: • Bacteri
Page 237 and 238: Acute Toxicity to Aquatic Organisms
Page 239 and 240: • Acute Oral Toxicity in Birds (O
Page 241 and 242: Corrosion Characteristics: No data
Page 243 and 244: determined at 50°C and it was foun
Page 245 and 246: Proprietary D: Reactive brominated
Page 247 and 248: Chemical Identity Proprietary D: Re
Page 249 and 250: Acute Dermal Irritation (OPPTS Harm
Page 251: • Prenatal Developmental Toxicity
Page 255 and 256: • Chronic Toxicity to Freshwater
Page 259 and 260: Proprietary E: Tetrabromophthalate
Page 261 and 262: Proprietary E: Tetrabromophthalate
Page 263 and 264: • Reproduction and Fertility Effe
Page 265 and 266: GENOTOXICITY Conclusion: No availab
Page 267 and 268: Acute and Subchronic Toxicity to Te
Page 271 and 272: Proprietary F: Halogenated aryl est
Page 273 and 274: Proprietary F: Halogenated aryl est
Page 275 and 276: REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY Conclusion: N
Page 277 and 278: • Neurotoxicity Screening Battery
Page 279 and 280: Basis for Conclusion: No pertinent
Page 281 and 282: Henry’s Law Constant: No data 9-1
Page 283 and 284: Anaerobic Biodegradation: No data P
Page 285 and 286: Proprietary G: Triaryl phosphate, i
Page 287 and 288: Proprietary G: Triaryl phosphate, i
Page 289 and 290: Acute Inhalation Toxicity (OPPTS Ha
Page 291 and 292: SUBCHRONIC TOXICITY Subchronic Oral
Page 293 and 294: • Prenatal Developmental Toxicity
Page 295 and 296: Composition of Proprietary G assaye
Page 297 and 298: Several components of the [Formulat
Page 299 and 300: As described in unvalidated robust
Page 301 and 302: Acute Toxicity to Aquatic Organisms
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Proprietary G: Triaryl phosphate, i
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Sediment/Water Biodegradation: No d
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Proprietary H: Halogenated aryl est
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Proprietary H: Halogenated aryl est
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REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY Conclusion: N
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IMMUNOTOXICITY Conclusion: No avail
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Basis for Conclusion: No pertinent
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Henry’s Law Constant: No data 11-
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Anaerobic Biodegradation: No data P
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Proprietary I: Organic phosphate es
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Proprietary I: Organic phosphate es
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Basis for Conclusion: No pertinent
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CARCINOGENICITY Conclusion: No avai
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No studies were located that were r
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• Chronic Toxicity to Freshwater
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Explosivity: No data Corrosion Char
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Anaerobic Biodegradation: No data P
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Proprietary J: Aryl phosphate Exist
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Proprietary J: Aryl phosphate Synon
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Results: No deaths. Clinical signs
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As described in a robust summary, m
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third animal on days 2 and 3 only.
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however, identify target organs tha
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Basis for Conclusion: The only avai
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Basis for Conclusion: The available
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EPA proposed guidelines (Ref. 58).
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[Formulation 2] (typically 43% Prop
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No additional, pertinent acute toxi
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Proprietary J: Aryl phosphate CAS M
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Odor: No data Oxidation/Reduction C
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Degradation and Transport Photolysi
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Sediment Temp. T 1/2 Comments Refer
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Proprietary K: Aryl phosphate Exist
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Proprietary K: Aryl phosphate CAS M
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• Reproduction and Fertility Effe
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GENOTOXICITY Conclusion: No availab
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Acute and Subchronic Toxicity to Te
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Bioconcentration Fish: No data Daph
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Proprietary L: Aryl phosphate Exist
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Proprietary L: Aryl phosphate Synon
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• Reproduction and Fertility Effe
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GENOTOXICITY Conclusion: No availab
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Acute and Subchronic Toxicity to Te
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Bioconcentration Fish: No data Daph
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United States Environmental Protect
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Environmental Profiles of Chemical Flame-Retardant Alternatives for

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