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The Life, Teachings and Influence of Muhammad ibn Abdul-Wahhaab
Hanifah’s explicit statement prohibiting such a supplication, said, “It
is not allowed to ask by invoking His creation. This is because none of
the creation have a right over Him. This is not allowed by agreement
[of the scholars].” 1
Ibn Aqeel, one of the leading Hanbali Imams of the sixth
century Hijri, stated,
When the obligations became difficult upon the ignorant and
commoners, they left the affairs of the Shareeah for affairs that
they set up for themselves… In my view, they are disbelievers due
to such acts. [These acts include] venerating and honoring graves
in ways prohibited by the Shareeah, such as putting lamps over
them, lighting them, and addressing the deceased with their needs,
writing their prayers, saying, ‘O leader so and so, do such and such
for me,’ taking the soil for blessings, pouring perfume over the
graves, travelling to visit them… 2
A contemporary writer, Muhammad al-Khamees, has done a
study of the four schools of fiqh and their view of shirk. In these
works, he delineated what the schools considered shirk and what are
the means that lead to shirk, which are consequently forbidden by
those schools. For each of the acts of shirk or means to shirk, he gives
detailed references to standard books of fiqh in each school. For the
sake of brevity, his conclusions shall simply be summarized in table
form. 3 (Note that al-Khamees at no point claimed a consensus within
these schools but he did present references to the most authoritative
works within each school that provide these conclusions. Also note
that many of the topics are mentioned in explicit authentic hadith.
Hence, it is not surprising to find clear agreement on those issues.
Note also that not all of the topics that al-Khamees discussed are
presented in this table.)
1 Quoted in Saabiq, p. 339.
2 Quoted in ibn Ghannaam, vol. 1, p. 47.
3 Based on Muhammad al-Khamees, Bayaan al-Shirk wa Wasaailuhu ind
Ulamaa al-Hanafiyyah (Riyadh: Daar al-Watan, 1413 A.H.), pp. 27-31; al-
Khamees, al-Maalikiyyah, pp. 27-40; Muhammad al-Khamees, Bayaan al-Shirk
wa Wasaailuhu ind Ulamaa al-Shafi’iyyah (Riyadh: Daar al-Watan, 1413 A.H.),
pp. 29-43; Muhammad al-Khamees, Bayaan al-Shirk wa Wasaailuhu ind
Ulamaa al-Hanaabilah (Riyadh: Daar al-Watan, 1413 A.H.), pp. 27-33. Note
that not all the topics mentioned by al-Khamees in the pages referenced herein
are listed in the table.