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The Life, Teachings and Influence of Muhammad ibn Abdul-Wahhaab In each of his studies, al-Khamees also discusses the types of shirk and the acts that constitute shirk according to scholars of all four schools of fiqh as found in their major reference works. 1 In general, one can say that all of the acts that ibn Abdul-Wahhaab objected to as acts of shirk are also mentioned by each of the four schools of fiqh as acts of shirk that take one out of the fold of Islam. 2 Hence, again, ibn Abdul-Wahhaab was not an innovator bringing something new and unheard of. Instead, he was reviving teachings found in every school of fiqh that had been ignored or forgotten. Those teachings touch the core of Islam and whenever they are ignored or forgotten, it is a must that they be restored. One can understand from all of these texts and scholarly conclusions that ibn Abdul-Wahhaab was completely right when he opposed, with the greatest of effort, shirk in all of its manifestations and all the paths that lead to it. The most important thing that a human can be saved from is falling into this evil shirk. It is not an overstatement to say that all Muslim leaders and scholars should take great efforts to keep the Muslims from falling into shirk. Furthermore, in the light of the Quran and Sunnah, it is completely inexcusable for any Muslim to take this matter lightly—not to speak of attempting to justify as a manifestation of “true Islam” those very same acts that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) prohibited. One can only plead to Allah for help and guidance to rescue the Muslim Nation from any form of shirk that it currently is engaged in. 1 One has to realize that many of the acts of shirk appeared after the time of the founders of these schools. Hence, some of them did not mention any of these acts specifically because they simply did not exist and were not an issue at their time. 2 These acts include praying for help from the deceased, setting up intermediaries between oneself and Allah, sacrificing animals for other than Allah, giving the complete right of obedience to other than Allah and so forth. See al-Khamees, al-Hanafiyyah, pp. 15-26 and 31-68; al-Khamees, al-Maalikiyyah, pp. 19-25 and 41-58; al-Khamees, al-Shaafi’iyyah, pp. 23-28 and 44-61; al-Khamees, al- Hanaabilah, pp. 13-26 and 34-57. 364
365 The Life, Teachings and Influence of Muhammad ibn Abdul-Wahhaab Table 1. Summary of al-Khamees’ Study Concerning Forbidden Acts that are Means to Shirk Action Hanafi School Maliki School Shafi’ee School Hanbali School Plastering Grave the Forbidden Forbidden Forbidden Forbidden Elevating graves Forbidden Forbidden Forbidden Forbidden Building graves on Forbidden Forbidden Forbidden Forbidden Writing graves on Forbidden Forbidden Forbidden Forbidden Taking graves as mosques Forbidden Forbidden Forbidden Forbidden Lighting gravesites Forbidden N/A Forbidden Forbidden Facing graves while supplicating Forbidden Forbidden Forbidden Forbidden Making a grave a festival site Forbidden N/A N/A N/A Undertaking a N/A Forbidden N/A Forbidden journey graves to Praying or N/A Forbidden N/A Forbidden prostrating on a grave Circumambulating graves N/A N/A Forbidden Forbidden Sitting graves on N/A N/A Forbidden Forbidden Kissing graves N/A N/A Forbidden Forbidden N/A = Al-Khamees did not discuss any explicit judgment made by this school regarding this topic.
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