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Lecture Notes in Computer Science 4917

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Code Arrangement of Embedded Java Virtual Mach<strong>in</strong>e for NAND Flash Memory 383<br />

is 0.6%. As compare with 3.2% from the orig<strong>in</strong>al KVM, this is a significant<br />

improvement. Yes, if the cache is big, miss rate will not be an issue. However, our<br />

approach can ensure that the KVM generates lower misses at marg<strong>in</strong>al conditions.<br />

This technique also enables SOC to <strong>in</strong>tegrate a small block of embedded SRAM as<br />

cache and still execute the KVM fast.<br />

Virtual mach<strong>in</strong>e is a special k<strong>in</strong>d of software. Their common practice is to have an<br />

<strong>in</strong>terpreter with a wide span of <strong>in</strong>struction handlers. Therefore, the execution flow is<br />

determ<strong>in</strong>ed by applications runn<strong>in</strong>g on top of virtual mach<strong>in</strong>es. As a result, our tun<strong>in</strong>g<br />

process should apply to other <strong>in</strong>terpreters or virtual mach<strong>in</strong>es besides KVM.<br />

References<br />

1. Sun Microsystems. J2ME Build<strong>in</strong>g Blocks for Mobile Devices. Sun Microsystems, Inc.<br />

(May 19, 2000)<br />

2. Park, C., Seo, J., Bae, S., Kim, H., Kim, S., Kim, B.: A Low-Cost Memory Architecture<br />

with NAND XIP for Mobile Embedded Systems. In: ISSS+CODES 2003: First<br />

IEEE/ACM/IFIP International conference on Hardware/Software Codesign and System<br />

Synthesis, ACM Press, New York (2003)<br />

3. Samsung Electronics. OneNAND Features & Performance. Samsung Electronics<br />

(November 4, 2005)<br />

4. Park, C., Lim, J., Kwon, K., Lee, J., M<strong>in</strong>, S.L.: Compiler Assisted Demand Pag<strong>in</strong>g for<br />

Embedded Systems with Flash Memory. In: EMSOFT 2004. Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 4th ACM<br />

<strong>in</strong>ternational conference on Embedded software, Pisa, Italy, September 27-29, 2004, pp.<br />

114–124. ACM Press, New York (2004)<br />

5. Parameswaran, S., Henkel, J.: I-CoPES: Fast Instruction Code Placement for Embedded<br />

Systems to Improve Performance and Energy Efficiency. In: Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 2001<br />

IEEE/ACM <strong>in</strong>ternational conference on <strong>Computer</strong>-aided design, pp. 635–641. IEEE Press,<br />

Los Alamitos (2001)<br />

6. Janapsatya, A., Parameswaran, S., Henkel, J.: REMcode: Relocat<strong>in</strong>g embedded code for<br />

improv<strong>in</strong>g system efficiency. IEE Proc. Comput. Digit. Tech., 151(6) (November 2004)<br />

7. Pettis, K., Hansen, R.: Profile-guided code position<strong>in</strong>g. In: PLDI 1990. The Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of<br />

the ACM SIGPLAN 1990 conference on Programm<strong>in</strong>g language design and<br />

implementation, vol. 25(6), pp. 16–27. ACM Press, New York (1990)<br />

8. Santar<strong>in</strong>i, M.: NAND versus NOR-Which flash is best for boot<strong>in</strong>’ your next system? EDN<br />

October 2005. Reed Bus<strong>in</strong>ess Information, a division of Reed Elsevier Inc., pp. 41-48<br />

(October 13, 2005)<br />

9. Micron Technology, Inc. Boot-from-NAND Us<strong>in</strong>g Micron® MT29F1G08ABA NAND<br />

Flash with the Texas Instruments (TI) OMAP2420 Processor, Micron Technology, Inc.<br />

(2006)<br />

10. Sony Ericsson. Java Support <strong>in</strong> Sony Ericsson Mobile Phones. Sony Ericsson Mobile<br />

Communications AB (2003)<br />

11. Lafond, S., Lilius, J.: An Energy Consumption Model for Java Virtual Mach<strong>in</strong>e. In: Turku<br />

Centre for <strong>Computer</strong> <strong>Science</strong> TUCS Technical Report No 597, TUCS ( March 2004)<br />

12. Caffe<strong>in</strong>eMark 3.0, Pendragon Software Corp., http://www.benchmarkhq.ru/cm30<br />

13. Garey, M.R., Johnson, D.S.: <strong>Computer</strong> and Intractability - A Guide to the Theory of NP-<br />

Completeness. Bell Telephone Laboratories (1979)<br />

14. Fuber, S.: ARM System-on-Chip Architecture, 2nd edn., pp. 49–72. Addison-Wesley,<br />

Read<strong>in</strong>g (2000)

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