Thixoforming : Semi-solid Metal Processing

More documents

Recommendations

Info

development for thixoforming. Zeitschrift f€ur Metallkunde, 95 (12), 1097–1107. 36 Antrekowitsch, H. (1998) Grundlagenuntersuchungen bei der Erstarrung der Nichteisenmetalle Al und Cu im rotierenden Magnetfeld sowie Anwendungsm€oglichkeiten in der Industrie, Dissertation am Institut f€ur Technologie und H€uttenkunde der Nichteisenmetalle an der Montanuniversit€at Leoben. 37 Sommerhofer, H. et al. (2001) Druckabh€angigkeit des Gleichgewichts im System Al–Si. Giessereiforschung, 53 (1), 25–29. 38 Ohm, L. and Engler, S. (1989) Treibende Kraft der Oberfl€achenseigerungen beim NE-Strangguss. Metall, 43, 520–524. 39 Buxmann, K. (1977) Mechanismen der Oberfl€achenseigerung von Strangguss. Metall, 31, 163–170. Referencesj145 40 Cernov, D.B. and Schinyaev, A. (1974) Influence of high pressure on the composition diagram of the Al–Si system, Struktura FAZ, Nauka, Moscow, 80–84. 41 Batischev, A.I. (1977) Crystallization of Metals and Alloys Under Pressure, Verlag Metallurgie, Moscow (in Russian). 42 Krone, K. (2000) Aluminium Recycling – Vom Vorstoff bis zur fertigen Legierung, Aluminium-Verlag Marketing und Kommunikation, D€usseldorf. 43 Mulate, K. (2000) Recycling von Mg–Li- Legierungen: Gleichgewichte zwischen Metall- und Salzschmelzen, Dissertation, Technische Universit€at Clausthal. 44 Schwerdfeger, K., Mulate, K. and Ditze, A. (2002) Recycling of magnesium alloys: chemical equlibria between magnesium–lithium-based melts and salt melts, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions, 33, 335–364.
Page 2:
Thixoforming Semi-solid Metal Proce
Page 5 and 6:
Further Reading Herlach, D. M. (ed.
Page 7 and 8:
The Editors Prof. Dr. G. Hirt Insti
Page 9 and 10:
VI Contents 1.3.5.2 Other Aluminium
Page 11 and 12:
VIII Contents 4.6.1 Thixocasting 13
Page 13 and 14:
X Contents 7.4.2 Isothermal Non-ste
Page 15 and 16:
XII Contents 9.4.1.3 Simulation Res
Page 18:
Preface Semi-solid forming of metal
Page 21 and 22:
XVIII List of Contributors Andreas
Page 23 and 24:
XX List of Contributors Alexander S
Page 25 and 26:
2j 1 Semi-solid Forming of Aluminiu
Page 27 and 28:
Page 29 and 30:
Page 31 and 32:
Page 33 and 34:
10j 1 Semi-solid Forming of Alumini
Page 35 and 36:
Page 37 and 38:
Page 39 and 40:
Page 41 and 42:
Page 43 and 44:
Page 45 and 46:
Table 1.1 Overview of semi-solid pr
Page 47 and 48:
Page 49 and 50:
Page 52:
Part One Material Fundamentals of M
Page 55 and 56:
32j 2 Metallurgical Aspects of SSM
Page 57 and 58:
Page 59 and 60:
Page 61 and 62:
Page 63 and 64:
Page 65 and 66:
Page 67 and 68:
44j 3 Material Aspects of Steel Thi
Page 69 and 70:
Page 71 and 72:
Page 73 and 74:
Page 75 and 76:
Page 77 and 78:
Page 79 and 80:
Page 81 and 82:
Page 83 and 84:
Page 85 and 86:
Page 87 and 88:
Page 89 and 90:
Page 91 and 92:
Page 93 and 94:
Page 95 and 96:
Page 97 and 98:
Page 99 and 100:
Page 101 and 102:
Page 103 and 104:
Page 105 and 106:
Page 107 and 108:
Page 109 and 110:
Page 111 and 112:
Page 113 and 114:
Temperature (ºC) 1550 1500 1450 14
Page 115 and 116:
Page 117 and 118: 94j 3 Material Aspects of Steel Thi
Page 123 and 124: 100j 3 Material Aspects of Steel Th
Page 129 and 130: 106j 4 Design of Al and Al-Li Alloy
Page 167: 144j 4 Design of Al and Al-Li Alloy
Page 171 and 172: 148j 5 Thermochemical Simulation of
Page 192 and 193: 6 Modelling the Flow Behaviour of S
Page 194 and 195: 6.1 Empirical Analysis of the Flow
Page 196 and 197: . Introduction of a scalar paramete
Page 198 and 199: The description of the yield stress
Page 200 and 201: load on the temperature-sensitive m
Page 202 and 203: Figure 6.8 Experimental results exh
Page 204 and 205: Figure 6.11 Experimental setup. Hig
Page 206 and 207: 6.1.6 Experimental Results and Mode
Page 208 and 209: Figure 6.18 Comparison between expe
Page 210 and 211: Figure 6.21 (a) Schematic diagram o
Page 212 and 213: Figure 6.24 Influence of particle d
Page 214 and 215: Figure 6.27 A356 alloy: temperature
Page 216 and 217: 6.1 Empirical Analysis of the Flow
Page 218 and 219:
Figure 6.33 Experimentally determin
Page 220 and 221:
Based on the solid fraction of the
Page 222 and 223:
with the liquid density rL, the iso
Page 224 and 225:
method to increase the accuracy of
Page 226 and 227:
Figure 6.36 Experimental setup, T-s
Page 228 and 229:
Figure 6.39 Isothermal experiment,
Page 230 and 231:
of (a) an isothermal and (b) a non-
Page 232 and 233:
6.3.1 Model Description Three phase
Page 234 and 235:
Figure 6.44 Simulation grid of cool
Page 236 and 237:
Figure 6.47 Variation of (a) temper
Page 238 and 239:
Figure 6.49 Microstructure of A356
Page 240 and 241:
References 1 Atkinson, H.V. (1999)
Page 242:
(2005) Modelling the thermosolutal
Page 245 and 246:
222j 7 A Physical and Micromechanic
Page 247 and 248:
Page 249 and 250:
_g ¼ ffiffi p 3 _Eeq, where _ 226j
Page 251 and 252:
Page 253 and 254:
Page 255 and 256:
Page 257 and 258:
Page 259 and 260:
Page 261 and 262:
Page 264 and 265:
8 Tool Technologies for Forming of
Page 266 and 267:
8.1 Introduction - Suitable Tool Co
Page 268 and 269:
8.1 Introduction - Suitable Tool Co
Page 270 and 271:
model tests, which were custom-deve
Page 272 and 273:
Figure 8.8 Coating concept for avoi
Page 274 and 275:
Figure 8.10 Schematic PECVD coating
Page 276 and 277:
oxidic top layers were performed us
Page 278 and 279:
8.4 Multifunctional PVD Composites
Page 280 and 281:
Figure 8.15 Monolayer g-Al2O3 (a) a
Page 282 and 283:
Figure 8.16 Hysteresis behaviour an
Page 284 and 285:
Table 8.4 Deposition parameters for
Page 286 and 287:
Table 8.6 Mechanical properties of
Page 288 and 289:
Table 8.8 Mechanical and phase prop
Page 290 and 291:
The EDS graph clearly shows the zir
Page 292 and 293:
8.5 Developing Al 2O 3 PECVD Coatin
Page 294 and 295:
Page 296 and 297:
Page 298 and 299:
ion energy of approximately 100 eV
Page 300 and 301:
Figure 8.33 Bright-field TEM images
Page 302 and 303:
For all NIF values, it appears that
Page 304 and 305:
Figure 8.38 Cross-sectional microgr
Page 306 and 307:
spinel MgAl2O4 and SiAlONs as suita
Page 308 and 309:
In the following sections, these co
Page 310 and 311:
Figure 8.40 SEM image depicting a t
Page 312 and 313:
esults. Chemical attack in melt cor
Page 314 and 315:
Figure 8.45 SEM images of the conta
Page 316 and 317:
8.6 Bulk Ceramic Forming Toolsj293
Page 318 and 319:
3. The temperature at the outer she
Page 320 and 321:
Figure 8.48 Self-heating ceramic th
Page 322 and 323:
Figure 8.51 SEM images of alumina d
Page 324 and 325:
inherent to steel thixoforming and
Page 326 and 327:
PSZ partially stabilized zirconia P
Page 328 and 329:
29 Belkind, A., Freilich, A. and Sc
Page 330 and 331:
66 Kurapov, D. and Schneider, J.M.
Page 332:
Part Four Forming of Semi-solid Met
Page 335 and 336:
312j 9 Rheocasting of Aluminium All
Page 337 and 338:
Page 339 and 340:
Page 341 and 342:
Page 343 and 344:
Page 345 and 346:
Page 347 and 348:
Page 349 and 350:
Page 351 and 352:
Page 353 and 354:
Page 355 and 356:
Page 357 and 358:
Page 359 and 360:
Page 361 and 362:
Page 363 and 364:
Page 365 and 366:
Page 367 and 368:
Page 369 and 370:
Page 371 and 372:
Page 373 and 374:
Page 375 and 376:
Page 377 and 378:
Page 379 and 380:
Page 381 and 382:
Page 383 and 384:
Page 385 and 386:
Page 387 and 388:
Page 389 and 390:
Page 391 and 392:
Page 393 and 394:
370j 10 Thixoforging and Rheoforgin
Page 395 and 396:
Page 397 and 398:
Page 399 and 400:
Page 401 and 402:
Page 403 and 404:
Page 405 and 406:
Page 407 and 408:
Page 409 and 410:
Page 411 and 412:
Page 413 and 414:
Page 415 and 416:
Page 417 and 418:
Page 419 and 420:
Page 421 and 422:
Page 423 and 424:
Page 425 and 426:
Page 427 and 428:
Page 429 and 430:
Page 431 and 432:
Page 434 and 435:
11 Thixoextrusion Frederik Knauf, R
Page 436 and 437:
11.2 State of the Artj413 directly
Page 438 and 439:
11.2 State of the Artj415 In simila
Page 440 and 441:
Figure 11.2 Schematic diagram of th
Page 442 and 443:
Figure 11.5 Shamrock-like thixoextr
Page 444 and 445:
Table 11.2 Comparison of required f
Page 446 and 447:
Carbon content (%) 4,0 3,5 3,0 2,5
Page 448 and 449:
Table 11.5 Tool characteristics of
Page 450 and 451:
Extrusion load (kN) 50 40 30 20 10
Page 452 and 453:
Opening mechanism Length = 1750 mm
Page 454 and 455:
Figure 11.19 Shell formed while ext
Page 456 and 457:
Temperature (°C) 1260 1240 1220 12
Page 458 and 459:
Figure 11.26 Microstructure of sele
Page 460 and 461:
Figure 11.28 Model for extrusion pr
Page 462 and 463:
solidification could be realized by
Page 464 and 465:
shell. Therefore, for the non-isoth
Page 466 and 467:
Index a ab initio calculations 148
Page 468 and 469:
constant temperature process (CTP)
Page 470 and 471:
h hardness/coating thickness 256 ha
Page 472 and 473:
melting alloys 179 - aluminium 179
Page 474 and 475:
adiation trials 400 ram speed 232 r
Page 476 and 477:
- X210CrW12 21, 63 Stefan-Boltzmann
show all

Thixoforming : Semi-solid Metal Processing

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?