Thixoforming : Semi-solid Metal Processing

278j 8 Tool Technologies for Forming of Semi-solid Metals
Figure 8.34 Effect of density on the elastic modulus of alumina films [57].
between density and elastic modulus data for thin films [63–65]. Very good agreement
between the previously published data for thin films and Equation 8.1 can be
observed in Figure 8.34.
Assuming that the alumina thin films discussed here can be represented by
Equation 8.1 with E0 ¼ 441 GPa [56] and b ¼ 3.98 g cm 3 (which is the theoretical
density of non-porous alumina), the film density was estimated based on the elastic
modulus values measured by nanoindentation. The evolution of the density as a
function of NIF is presented in Figure 8.35.
Figure 8.35 Calculated film density and elastic modulus plotted as
a function of normalized ion flux [61].