Thixoforming : Semi-solid Metal Processing

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Part Two Modelling the Flow Behaviour of Semi-solid Metal Alloys
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Thixoforming Semi-solid Metal Proce
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Further Reading Herlach, D. M. (ed.
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The Editors Prof. Dr. G. Hirt Insti
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VI Contents 1.3.5.2 Other Aluminium
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VIII Contents 4.6.1 Thixocasting 13
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X Contents 7.4.2 Isothermal Non-ste
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XII Contents 9.4.1.3 Simulation Res
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Preface Semi-solid forming of metal
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XVIII List of Contributors Andreas
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XX List of Contributors Alexander S
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2j 1 Semi-solid Forming of Aluminiu
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10j 1 Semi-solid Forming of Alumini
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Table 1.1 Overview of semi-solid pr
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Part One Material Fundamentals of M
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32j 2 Metallurgical Aspects of SSM
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44j 3 Material Aspects of Steel Thi
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Temperature (ºC) 1550 1500 1450 14
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100j 3 Material Aspects of Steel Th
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106j 4 Design of Al and Al-Li Alloy
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Page 139 and 140: 116j 4 Design of Al and Al-Li Alloy
Page 170 and 171: 5 Thermochemical Simulation of Phas
Page 172 and 173: here it can be assumed that the dat
Page 174 and 175: Figure 5.2 Calculated temperature v
Page 176 and 177: Figure 5.4 Composition profiles of
Page 178 and 179: It is clear that C has by far the s
Page 180 and 181: Figure 5.7 The density of X210CrW12
Page 182 and 183: 5.3 Calculations for the Bearing St
Page 184 and 185: Figure 5.11 Composition profiles of
Page 186 and 187: Figure 5.14 The density of 100Cr6.
Page 188 and 189: area which is available for heat tr
Page 192 and 193: 6 Modelling the Flow Behaviour of S
Page 194 and 195: 6.1 Empirical Analysis of the Flow
Page 196 and 197: . Introduction of a scalar paramete
Page 198 and 199: The description of the yield stress
Page 200 and 201: load on the temperature-sensitive m
Page 202 and 203: Figure 6.8 Experimental results exh
Page 204 and 205: Figure 6.11 Experimental setup. Hig
Page 206 and 207: 6.1.6 Experimental Results and Mode
Page 208 and 209: Figure 6.18 Comparison between expe
Page 210 and 211: Figure 6.21 (a) Schematic diagram o
Page 212 and 213: Figure 6.24 Influence of particle d
Page 214 and 215: Figure 6.27 A356 alloy: temperature
Page 216 and 217: 6.1 Empirical Analysis of the Flow
Page 218 and 219: Figure 6.33 Experimentally determin
Page 220 and 221: Based on the solid fraction of the
Page 222 and 223: with the liquid density rL, the iso
Page 224 and 225: method to increase the accuracy of
Page 226 and 227: Figure 6.36 Experimental setup, T-s
Page 228 and 229: Figure 6.39 Isothermal experiment,
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Page 232 and 233: 6.3.1 Model Description Three phase
Page 234 and 235: Figure 6.44 Simulation grid of cool
Page 236 and 237: Figure 6.47 Variation of (a) temper
Page 238 and 239: Figure 6.49 Microstructure of A356
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References 1 Atkinson, H.V. (1999)
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(2005) Modelling the thermosolutal
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222j 7 A Physical and Micromechanic
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_g ¼ ffiffi p 3 _Eeq, where _ 226j
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8 Tool Technologies for Forming of
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8.1 Introduction - Suitable Tool Co
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8.1 Introduction - Suitable Tool Co
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model tests, which were custom-deve
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Figure 8.8 Coating concept for avoi
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Figure 8.10 Schematic PECVD coating
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oxidic top layers were performed us
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8.4 Multifunctional PVD Composites
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Figure 8.15 Monolayer g-Al2O3 (a) a
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Figure 8.16 Hysteresis behaviour an
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Table 8.4 Deposition parameters for
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Table 8.6 Mechanical properties of
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Table 8.8 Mechanical and phase prop
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The EDS graph clearly shows the zir
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8.5 Developing Al 2O 3 PECVD Coatin
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ion energy of approximately 100 eV
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Figure 8.33 Bright-field TEM images
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For all NIF values, it appears that
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Figure 8.38 Cross-sectional microgr
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spinel MgAl2O4 and SiAlONs as suita
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In the following sections, these co
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Figure 8.40 SEM image depicting a t
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esults. Chemical attack in melt cor
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Figure 8.45 SEM images of the conta
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8.6 Bulk Ceramic Forming Toolsj293
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3. The temperature at the outer she
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Figure 8.48 Self-heating ceramic th
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Figure 8.51 SEM images of alumina d
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inherent to steel thixoforming and
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PSZ partially stabilized zirconia P
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29 Belkind, A., Freilich, A. and Sc
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66 Kurapov, D. and Schneider, J.M.
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Part Four Forming of Semi-solid Met
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312j 9 Rheocasting of Aluminium All
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370j 10 Thixoforging and Rheoforgin
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11 Thixoextrusion Frederik Knauf, R
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11.2 State of the Artj413 directly
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11.2 State of the Artj415 In simila
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Figure 11.2 Schematic diagram of th
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Figure 11.5 Shamrock-like thixoextr
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Table 11.2 Comparison of required f
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Carbon content (%) 4,0 3,5 3,0 2,5
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Table 11.5 Tool characteristics of
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Extrusion load (kN) 50 40 30 20 10
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Opening mechanism Length = 1750 mm
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Figure 11.19 Shell formed while ext
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Temperature (°C) 1260 1240 1220 12
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Figure 11.26 Microstructure of sele
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Figure 11.28 Model for extrusion pr
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solidification could be realized by
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shell. Therefore, for the non-isoth
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Index a ab initio calculations 148
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constant temperature process (CTP)
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h hardness/coating thickness 256 ha
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melting alloys 179 - aluminium 179
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adiation trials 400 ram speed 232 r
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- X210CrW12 21, 63 Stefan-Boltzmann
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Thixoforming : Semi-solid Metal Processing

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