Thixoforming : Semi-solid Metal Processing

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(2005) Modelling the thermosolutal convection, shrinkage flow and grain movement of globular equiaxed solidification using a three phase model. International Journal of Cast Metals Research, 18 (4), 221–228. 41 Fisher, K. (1984) Fundamentals of Solidification, Trans Tech Publications, Stafa-Zurich. 42 Rappaz, M. and Gandin, Ch.-A. (1993) Probabilistic modelling of microstructure formation in solidification processes. Acta Metallurgia et Materialia, 41 (2), 345–360. 43 Thevoz, Ph. and Rappaz, M. (1989) Modelling of equiaxed microstructure formation in casting. Metallurgical and Materials Transitions A, 20 (2), 311–322. 44 Rappaz, M. (1989) Modelling microstructure formation in solidification processes. International Materials Reviews, 34 (3). Referencesj219 45 Ahmadein, M., Berger, R., Pustal, B., Subasic, E., B€uhrig-Polaczek, A. (2008) Multiphase solidification modelling of aluminum alloys based on experimental grain nucleation parameters. Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Mechanical Design and Production, Cairo, 8–10 January 2008, pp. 907–915. 46 Wang, T., Pustal, B., Abondano, M., Grimmig, T., B€uhrig-Polaczek, A., Wu, M. and Ludwig, A. (2005) Simulation of cooling channel rheo-casting process of A356 aluminum alloy using three-phase volume averaging model. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 15 (2), 389–394. 47 B€unck, M. (2007) Proceedings of the 5th Decennial International Conference on Solidification Processing, Sheffield, July 2007.
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Thixoforming Semi-solid Metal Proce
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Further Reading Herlach, D. M. (ed.
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The Editors Prof. Dr. G. Hirt Insti
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VI Contents 1.3.5.2 Other Aluminium
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VIII Contents 4.6.1 Thixocasting 13
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X Contents 7.4.2 Isothermal Non-ste
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XII Contents 9.4.1.3 Simulation Res
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Preface Semi-solid forming of metal
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XVIII List of Contributors Andreas
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XX List of Contributors Alexander S
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2j 1 Semi-solid Forming of Aluminiu
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10j 1 Semi-solid Forming of Alumini
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Table 1.1 Overview of semi-solid pr
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Part One Material Fundamentals of M
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32j 2 Metallurgical Aspects of SSM
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44j 3 Material Aspects of Steel Thi
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Temperature (ºC) 1550 1500 1450 14
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100j 3 Material Aspects of Steel Th
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106j 4 Design of Al and Al-Li Alloy
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5 Thermochemical Simulation of Phas
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here it can be assumed that the dat
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Figure 5.2 Calculated temperature v
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Figure 5.4 Composition profiles of
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It is clear that C has by far the s
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Figure 5.7 The density of X210CrW12
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5.3 Calculations for the Bearing St
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Figure 5.11 Composition profiles of
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Figure 5.14 The density of 100Cr6.
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area which is available for heat tr
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Part Two Modelling the Flow Behavio
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Page 245 and 246: 222j 7 A Physical and Micromechanic
Page 249 and 250: _g ¼ ffiffi p 3 _Eeq, where _ 226j
Page 264 and 265: 8 Tool Technologies for Forming of
Page 266 and 267: 8.1 Introduction - Suitable Tool Co
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Page 270 and 271: model tests, which were custom-deve
Page 272 and 273: Figure 8.8 Coating concept for avoi
Page 274 and 275: Figure 8.10 Schematic PECVD coating
Page 276 and 277: oxidic top layers were performed us
Page 278 and 279: 8.4 Multifunctional PVD Composites
Page 280 and 281: Figure 8.15 Monolayer g-Al2O3 (a) a
Page 282 and 283: Figure 8.16 Hysteresis behaviour an
Page 284 and 285: Table 8.4 Deposition parameters for
Page 286 and 287: Table 8.6 Mechanical properties of
Page 288 and 289: Table 8.8 Mechanical and phase prop
Page 290 and 291: The EDS graph clearly shows the zir
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8.5 Developing Al 2O 3 PECVD Coatin
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ion energy of approximately 100 eV
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Figure 8.33 Bright-field TEM images
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For all NIF values, it appears that
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Figure 8.38 Cross-sectional microgr
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spinel MgAl2O4 and SiAlONs as suita
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In the following sections, these co
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Figure 8.40 SEM image depicting a t
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esults. Chemical attack in melt cor
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Figure 8.45 SEM images of the conta
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8.6 Bulk Ceramic Forming Toolsj293
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3. The temperature at the outer she
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Figure 8.48 Self-heating ceramic th
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Figure 8.51 SEM images of alumina d
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inherent to steel thixoforming and
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PSZ partially stabilized zirconia P
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29 Belkind, A., Freilich, A. and Sc
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66 Kurapov, D. and Schneider, J.M.
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Part Four Forming of Semi-solid Met
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312j 9 Rheocasting of Aluminium All
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370j 10 Thixoforging and Rheoforgin
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11 Thixoextrusion Frederik Knauf, R
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11.2 State of the Artj413 directly
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11.2 State of the Artj415 In simila
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Figure 11.2 Schematic diagram of th
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Figure 11.5 Shamrock-like thixoextr
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Table 11.2 Comparison of required f
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Carbon content (%) 4,0 3,5 3,0 2,5
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Table 11.5 Tool characteristics of
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Extrusion load (kN) 50 40 30 20 10
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Opening mechanism Length = 1750 mm
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Figure 11.19 Shell formed while ext
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Temperature (°C) 1260 1240 1220 12
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Figure 11.26 Microstructure of sele
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Figure 11.28 Model for extrusion pr
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solidification could be realized by
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shell. Therefore, for the non-isoth
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Index a ab initio calculations 148
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constant temperature process (CTP)
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h hardness/coating thickness 256 ha
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melting alloys 179 - aluminium 179
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adiation trials 400 ram speed 232 r
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- X210CrW12 21, 63 Stefan-Boltzmann
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