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Libro en PDF - DIT - Universidad Politécnica de Madrid

Libro en PDF - DIT - Universidad Politécnica de Madrid

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Complejidad y Tecnologías <strong>de</strong> la InformaciónIt becomes obvious that The Tool Box makes individual work easier, but it is notnecessarily true that by improving the Tool Box the whole system will therebyimprove. This second level can only be improved through the proper technology;through what we call the Office Technological System. The <strong>de</strong>velopm<strong>en</strong>t ofIntegrated Software was a first step in this direction. Since th<strong>en</strong>, several moreapplications have appeared which recognize the exist<strong>en</strong>ce of this second level inthe office and which provi<strong>de</strong> methods for connecting individual tasks, addressingthe true structure of Systemic Processes: Group Work (figure 9).The state of the art of computer technology is quite advanced in g<strong>en</strong>eral but accordingto our mo<strong>de</strong>l, it is not so advanced from the office automation and users point ofview. There is certain connectivity, as in networks, but: "How do we assure thatthis connectivity is paying off in productivity? how do we effectively apply thesesystems to the mission critical activities of the business?".INDIVIDUALTOOL BOXINDIVIDUALPROCESSESINFORMATIONPROCESSINGFig. 8. The individual and his related complexity levelsAnd there are other authors that agree with our claim: "The personal computercame in to help people do their isolated stand-alone stuff, but the interoperabilitybetwe<strong>en</strong> them is in very bad shape", Engelbart said, [13]. "80 % of PC's today areinvolved in task automation, such as wordprocessing, spreadsheets, and bookkeeping... the return on investm<strong>en</strong>t from PC's in task automation is a low 10 to 20 perc<strong>en</strong>t" [Rec<strong>en</strong>t report by Nolan, Norton & Co]. "Here has be<strong>en</strong> no measurable increasein productivity in the past <strong>de</strong>ca<strong>de</strong>. That's because personal computers in theEighties mapped to the old way of working. To achieve the real payoff in the340

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