EPA Review Annex Documents - DFID

More documents

Recommendations

Info

10. Qns: Have resources constraints have impacted the following elements of negotiations and which elements has been more resource intensive? (put x mark) Ans a. Tariffs and NTBs in manufactures and agriculture b. Impact on regional (south-south) integration c. Aid finance d. Trade in Services x e. SPS x f. Singapore issues/deep integration: competition, government procurement, investment, trade facilitation. 11. Qns: What elements would you have not included in the EPAs or would you have negotiated outside the EPAs? Ans: Trade in service should have been treated out of the EPA. 12. Qns: How do you see the EPAs shaping your regional integration processes? Ans: The ESA region has become much more disintegrated since EPA process started. 13. Qns: What elements do you think are necessary to conclude an EPA agreement? Ans: Development needs of Ethiopia (and other ESA/ACP countries) should be taken on board for a successful conclusion of a comprehensive EPA agreement. There is also need for agreement on the various “contentious issues” currently causing disagreements within the EPA negotiations * . 14. Qns: What additional resources (staff, skills, time, studies,..) would have helped to achieve more effective negotiations? Ans: a) Sectoral studies with a view to identifying sensitive products and vulnerable sectors of the economy that might be affected by the EPA negotiations. b) Enhancement of negotiating capacity (e.g., training on negotiating skills, increased training on such aspects as trade in services etc) of the member countries could have supported the negotiations of ACP countries. 15. Qns: Are there any intangible benefits from the negotiations, such as strengthening negotiating capacity, better relationship with regional neighbours...? Any negative intangible outcomes? Ans: Yes, a) The country’s ability to negotiate in the area of trade has been sharpened. * 1. Substantially All Trade (SAT) and Time Frame Article 12 2. Rules of Origin Article 13 3. Standstill clause Article 14 4. Duties and taxes on exports Article 15 5. MFN Article 16 6. Prohibition of quantitative restrictions Arti. 17 7. Special XX Agricultural Safeguard 8. Development Chapter, • The need for additionality of resources • Development Cooperation, • Development Matrix (DM) • Development Benchmarks (DB 111
) Basic knowledge on Cotonou Agreement, the WTO rules, experiences of other economic partnership arrangements and awareness amongst wide spectrum have been created. c) Very useful national and sectoral studies have been undertaken. d) Specialised short term trainings in various sectors and aspects related to trade have been done 16. Qns: What is the future of their regional integration process after the EPAs? Better or worse prospects? Ans: The divisive nature of the EPA process to date suggests that the prospects of integration process after the EPAs may be difficult or worse. 17. Qns: Does involving civil society during negotiations help the negotiating process? Ans: Yes. Participation of consumer associations and other civic societies operating at the grassroots level might help to reflect and capture the interests of the societies they represent. Their contributions will be even more helpful in the case where the civil society is well aware of the national objectives and has internalised them, and also if they are well equipped with the particulars of the issue under consideration. 18. Qns: Does the fact that the EU may finance some of the negotiating costs impact the negotiations to any degree? (Careful with this question. It is not about corruption, it is just to know about the fact that large sums of technical assistance go to finance their negotiation expenses). Ans: Yes and No a) Yes; as most of the negotiation process and studies have been financed by EU, EU expects a positive return at the end (concluding agreement). b) No: Because national interest prevail above and beyond other issues including the capacity created by anybody; funding by EU has instead enhanced the understanding of EPA issues by ESA countries (through trainings, studies etc), and has facilitated effective negotiation positions from well informed ACP (Ethiopian) negotiators. 19. Qns: What are the main lessons that you take from the process? Ans: a) The need for building in-house capacity. b) The need to strengthen regional voices. c) Civil society as partners to promote same cause. d) It is not easy to come to consensus when negotiating as a large group especially with varying interests. 20. Qns: The EC suggested that one on the positive intangible was that Ethiopia and Eritrea were negotiating on common positions. What is your perception of this view? Any intangibles: positive or negative? Ans: Partly yes. This will be true only if Eritrea was seriously participating in the negotiations. However, Eritrea has not been consistently participating even though it is a member of ESA block. 21. Qns: What are your perspectives about existing negotiating resources in other countries? Ans: This can only be answered if there are relevant resource figures on other countries. 112
Page 1 and 2:
EPA Review Annex Documents by Insti
Page 3 and 4:
Part Three: EPAs as Instruments for
Page 5 and 6:
Part One: Literature Review 4
Page 7 and 8:
countries demanded more precision a
Page 9 and 10:
essential and fundamental of EPA (h
Page 11 and 12:
EPA group. However, after phase II
Page 13 and 14:
Disagreements also existed on other
Page 15 and 16:
ules of origin as a basis for negot
Page 17 and 18:
would not meet WTO provisions. Even
Page 19 and 20:
is only just about to conclude an i
Page 21 and 22:
The EC took almost nine months to a
Page 23 and 24:
Caribbean The CARIFORUM EPA was the
Page 25 and 26:
services, CARIFORUM countries commi
Page 27 and 28:
2006. Moreover, PACP countries cons
Page 29 and 30:
Table 3 Main Problems and Divergenc
Page 31 and 32:
4. Final comments The EPA’s negot
Page 33 and 34:
creation) but can also lead to impo
Page 35 and 36:
preferences and hence are likely to
Page 37 and 38:
3. Impact of the EPAs by Region One
Page 39 and 40:
Cape Verde (loss of 4.1% of GDP) an
Page 41 and 42:
SSA ECOWAS CEMAC COMESA EAC Table 2
Page 43 and 44:
Perez (2005) CGE, 2001 base year 80
Page 45 and 46:
Whilst most studies appear to agree
Page 47 and 48:
7. Annex Literature Countries Metho
Page 49 and 50:
Hinkle and Schiff (2004) "Economic
Page 51 and 52:
Milner, Morressey and McKay (2008)
Page 53 and 54:
Karingi et al (2005) “Assessment
Page 55 and 56:
Greenaway and Milner (2003) "a grim
Page 57 and 58:
Perez, R (2005) “ Are the Economi
Page 59 and 60:
Case Studies Lessons 1. Introductio
Page 61 and 62: trade relation and negotiation matt
Page 63 and 64: EPAs negotiation process is paralle
Page 65 and 66: • EPA team The EPA negotiating te
Page 67 and 68: - State Secretariat of Environment
Page 69 and 70: Technical Negotiation Group (TNG) m
Page 71 and 72: spent for these impact assessment s
Page 73 and 74: Other opportunity costs Another imp
Page 75 and 76: Since domestic constituencies tend
Page 77 and 78: Table 11 Negotiating Meetings and R
Page 79 and 80: • An estimated $214,000 in travel
Page 81 and 82: The main expectation of the process
Page 83 and 84: Commission was forced to take up th
Page 85 and 86: Therefore, while negotiators could
Page 87 and 88: System Improvement & Human Resource
Page 89 and 90: Ethiopia - List of RNF meetings Amo
Page 91 and 92: Nigeria Cost of EPA negotiation-rel
Page 93 and 94: Dominican Republic Distribution of
Page 95 and 96: 1. Overview of existing resources f
Page 97 and 98: The FTRD that was responsible for b
Page 99 and 100: The support of the NDTPF and the ex
Page 101 and 102: dedicated sessions during the year
Page 103 and 104: Mauritius, Seychelles, and Madagasc
Page 105 and 106: 3. Quantification of costs of count
Page 107 and 108: Ethiopia took a clear stance from t
Page 109 and 110: 4. Perspectives on EPA negotiations
Page 111: 5. Qns: Had you had more resources,
Page 115 and 116: Council of ESA Ministers Committee
Page 117 and 118: System Improvement & Human Resource
Page 119 and 120: List of RNF meetings 118 ANNEX VII
Page 121 and 122: EPA Review Study Nigeria December,
Page 123 and 124: contains the quantification of cost
Page 125 and 126: which appear to have crowded out ac
Page 127 and 128: Table 3 Resource Detail of Intra-Af
Page 129 and 130: Table 5 Capacity Building Programme
Page 131 and 132: Table 7 Cost of EPA Negotiation-Rel
Page 133 and 134: ADDRESSING THE LABOUR MARKET EFFECT
Page 135 and 136: Table 9 Annual Cost of Nigeria Trad
Page 137 and 138: Though the current negotiating stru
Page 139 and 140: • The simultaneous application of
Page 141 and 142: understand the changing environment
Page 143 and 144: 7. Summary of Findings and Main Les
Page 145 and 146: opportunity cost could be quite sub
Page 147 and 148: • There is adequate technical adv
Page 149 and 150: 5. Appendices Appendix Table 1 Rang
Page 151 and 152: EPA Review Study Dominican Republic
Page 153 and 154: c. Technical Level At a regional le
Page 155 and 156: 2) From the ministers of trade of C
Page 157 and 158: The fact that the DR had previously
Page 159 and 160: - State Secretariat of Foreign Rela
Page 161 and 162: Table 1 Distribution of the Main Tr
Page 163 and 164:
Figure 2 CARIFORUM Dimensions Diffe
Page 165 and 166:
with the EU, in order to present a
Page 167 and 168:
Table 4 Average Monthly Salaries EP
Page 169 and 170:
In additional there were eight meet
Page 171 and 172:
Per Diem Rate (US$) 500 A- Total of
Page 173 and 174:
5. Perspectives of EPA negotiations
Page 175 and 176:
usiness and political levels repres
Page 177 and 178:
expectation of increases in exports
Page 179 and 180:
8. Annexes Interviews Name Institut
Page 181 and 182:
MAY o 05-06: WTO TWG on NAMA, Barba
Page 183 and 184:
o 05-06: Joint Meeting of the Prime
Page 185 and 186:
o 10-13: 12 th Meeting of CARIFORUM
Page 187 and 188:
Trinidad & Tobago, 11-15 mayo 2007
Page 189 and 190:
Reviewing services negotiations in
Page 191 and 192:
Table 2 MMain differeences in serrv
Page 193 and 194:
3. Services coverage in the CARIFOR
Page 195 and 196:
In this exercise, it is important t
Page 197 and 198:
196 ANNEX Provisions of the agreeme
Page 199 and 200:
Tariff and Non-tariff barriers in E
Page 201 and 202:
products could be extended until ye
Page 203 and 204:
extended to the original partner. F
Page 205 and 206:
than the rate applied on the proces
Page 207 and 208:
RoO and the EPAs 1. Introduction Ru
Page 209 and 210:
Table 1 Similarity of EAC countries
Page 211 and 212:
that value added in ACP countries o
Page 213 and 214:
The EU has yet to deliver a simple
Page 215 and 216:
arrangements, are constrained by pr
Page 217 and 218:
and non-oil exporting countries wit
Page 219 and 220:
Common Market for Eastern and South
Page 221 and 222:
to be seen. The Ethiopia case study
Page 223 and 224:
fact that countries either export o
Page 225 and 226:
development assistance in the EPA.
Page 227 and 228:
References Bilal, S. and Stevens, C
Page 229 and 230:
SPS Issues in EPA Negotiations 1. B
Page 231 and 232:
The SPS committee provides an oppor
Page 233 and 234:
of equivalence. Clearly, the Econom
Page 235 and 236:
In the case of Ghana, where there i
Page 237 and 238:
which relevant entities within thei
Page 239 and 240:
Specific provisions While the final
Page 241 and 242:
‘.....In addition, the Parties sh
Page 243 and 244:
imparted to EPA signatories. In pra
Page 245 and 246:
of the EC Party when these products
Page 247 and 248:
So what have the EPA negotiations a
Page 249 and 250:
Region/Country Year Total 2002 2003
Page 251 and 252:
EAC CARIFORUM PACP Region/Country Y
Page 253 and 254:
EAC CARIFORUM PACP Region/Country N
Page 255 and 256:
EAS SADC EAC Country/Region Mycotox
Page 257 and 258:
Country/Region West Africa CEMAC Co
Page 259 and 260:
Development Finance and EPAs 1. Int
Page 261 and 262:
evenues, one of the main sources of
Page 263:
References Braun-Munzinger, C. ( 20
show all

EPA Review Annex Documents - DFID

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?